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[[Image:Tut_mask.jpg|right|thumb|The funeral mask of Tutankhamun]]'''Tutankhamun''', or '''King Tut''', was a [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]]'s 18th dynasty who reigned from 1336-1327 [[B.C.]] There has been much controversy over his lineage over the years. Tut was most likely the son of Smenkhkare, his immediate predecessor as pharaoh. Smenkhkare was a brother of [[Akhenaten]] who ruled briefly in 1336 BC and may have been assassinated.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession]," ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Akhenaten, the "heretic pharaoh," replaced Egypt's traditional [[polytheism]] with the monotheistic cult of [[Aten]]. Tutankhamun restored polytheism and the cult of Amun.

[[Image:Tut_mask.jpg|right|thumb|The funeral mask of Tutankhamun]]'''Tutankhamun''', or '''King Tut''', was a [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]]'s 18th dynasty who reigned from 1336-1327 [[B.C.]] There has been much controversy over his lineage over the years. Tut was most likely the son of Smenkhkare, his immediate predecessor as pharaoh. Smenkhkare was a brother of [[Akhenaten]] who ruled briefly in 1336 BC and may have been assassinated.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession]," ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Akhenaten, the "heretic pharaoh," replaced Egypt's traditional [[polytheism]] with the monotheistic cult of [[Aten]]. Tutankhamun restored polytheism and the cult of Amun.

Tut's mother and father were bother and sister.<ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''Journal of the American Medical Association''.</ref> He was only 10 or 11 when he ascended the throne.<ref name=Allen /> He married Ankhesenamun, a daughter of Akhenaten and [[Nefertiti]]. The royal couple were thus first cousins on both the paternal and maternal sides. Tut had two children by unidentified mummy KV21A.<ref name="Hawas" /> They were both girls and were both still born.<ref>"[http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/tragedy-queen-ankhesenamun-sister-and-wife-tutankhamun-001555 The tragedy of Queen Ankhesenamun, sister and wife of Tutankhamun]"</ref> Tut named army commander [[Horemheb]] as his successor. However, Horemheb was away on campaign when Tut died unexpectedly. Tut was 19 years old when he died.<ref name=Allen /><ref name=Hawas /> Ay, Tut's vizier, succeeded him as pharaoh.

Tut's mother and father were bother and sister.<ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''Journal of the American Medical Association''.</ref> He was only 10 or 11 when he ascended the throne.<ref name=Allen /> He married Ankhesenamun, a daughter of Akhenaten and [[Nefertiti]]. The royal couple were thus first cousins on both the paternal and maternal sides. Tut had two children by unidentified mummy KV21A.<ref name="Hawas" /> They were both girls and were both still born.<ref>The usual solution to this problem is to assert that KV21A was Ankhesenamen and that Tut and Ankhesenamen were brother and sister. However, genetic testing has established that the two still born girls were not the product of brother-sister incest. See [http://www.kv64.info/2010/03/dna-shows-that-kv55-mummy-probably-not.html Phizackerley].</ref> Tut named army commander [[Horemheb]] as his successor. However, Horemheb was away on campaign when Tut died unexpectedly. Tut was 19 years old when he died.<ref name=Allen /><ref name=Hawas /> Ay, Tut's vizier, succeeded him as pharaoh.

It was once thought that the fracture in the king's skull was the result of a chariot accident. It is now believed that the skull was damaged by mishandling after death.<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/king-tutankhamun-latest-tests-prove-boy-pharaoh-was-product-incest-1470735 Virtual autopsy reveals Pharaoh Tutankhamun was the ugly outcome of incest]</ref> A 2010 forensic study gave the cause of death as "avascular bone necrosis in conjunction with the malarial infection."<ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''JAMA''.</ref>

It was once thought that the fracture in the king's skull was the result of a chariot accident. It is now believed that the skull was damaged by mishandling after death.<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/king-tutankhamun-latest-tests-prove-boy-pharaoh-was-product-incest-1470735 Virtual autopsy reveals Pharaoh Tutankhamun was the ugly outcome of incest]</ref> A 2010 forensic study gave the cause of death as "avascular bone necrosis in conjunction with the malarial infection."<ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''JAMA''.</ref>