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'''John Marshall Harlan''' (the first) (June 1, 1833 – October 14, 1911) was an Associate Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] from 1877–1911. Born into a privileged slaveowning family, Harlan himself briefly owned slaves but later became famous for dissenting from the "separate but equal" racial doctrine once established in [[Plessy v. Ferguson]] (1896).

'''John Marshall Harlan''' (the first) (June 1, 1833 – October 14, 1911) was an Associate Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] from 1877–1911. Born into a privileged slaveowning family, Harlan himself briefly owned slaves but later became famous for dissenting from the "separate but equal" racial doctrine once established in [[Plessy v. Ferguson]] (1896).

Harlan's father had been a close friend of [[Henry Clay]] and served as a United States congressman, Kentucky state legislator, secretary of state, and state attorney general. Harlan became a Know-Nothing after the demise of the [[Whig Party]], and he was first elected as a county judge in 1858.  He gave many recorded racist and states' rights speeches that became an embarrassment after the [[Civil War]], in which he served on the [[Union]].

Harlan was born in Boyle County, Kentucky in 1833.<ref name="ANB">[John Marshall Harlan http://www.anb.org/articles/11/11-00385.html]. ''American National Biography Online''. Retrieved August 27, 2016.</ref> Harlan was the son of James Harlan, a prominent lawyer and politician who served in a variety of positions<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000210 HARLAN, James, (1800 - 1863)]. ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved August 27, 2016.</ref> including Congress, Attorney General of Kentucky, and Secretary of State of Kentucky.<ref name="ANB"/> A strong supporter of the [[Whig Party]] and a close friend of [[Henry Clay]], James Harlan named his son after John Marshall, the "Whig party's patron saint [and] the Supreme Court's 'great chief justice'".<ref name="ANB"/>

 

John Harlan was active in the Whig Party like his father, and then became a [[Know nothing party|Know-Nothing]] after the demise of the [[Whig Party]], and he was first elected as a county judge in 1858.  He gave many recorded racist and states' rights speeches that became an embarrassment after the [[Civil War]], in which he served on the [[Union]].

Harlan helped deliver key votes to [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] at the nominating convention in 1876, and Hayes remembered that in nominating Harlan to a seat on the Supreme Court vacated by the surprising resignation of Justice [[David Davis]], which was apparently so Davis could avoid serving on the Electoral Commission deciding the outcome of the 1876 election.  Harlan then served 34 years on the Court, one of the longest tenures ever.

Harlan helped deliver key votes to [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] at the nominating convention in 1876, and Hayes remembered that in nominating Harlan to a seat on the Supreme Court vacated by the surprising resignation of Justice [[David Davis]], which was apparently so Davis could avoid serving on the Electoral Commission deciding the outcome of the 1876 election.  Harlan then served 34 years on the Court, one of the longest tenures ever.