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The problem was that thousands of people poured into Kansas in order to shape the electoral outcome. Pro-slavery ruffians from Missouri fought with anti-slavery settlers funded by New England abolitionists and Protestant churches. Long crates shipped from New Haven were marked "Bibles"; inside were rifles. People called them "Beecher Bibles" after the abolitionist preacher.
The problem was that thousands of people poured into Kansas in order to shape the electoral outcome. Pro-slavery ruffians from Missouri fought with anti-slavery settlers funded by New England abolitionists and Protestant churches. Long crates shipped from New Haven were marked "Bibles"; inside were rifles. People called them "Beecher Bibles" after the abolitionist preacher.
Widespread low-level violence turned the new territory of Kansas into [[Bleeding Kansas]] 1855-56. (Nebraska was a separate territory and did not have trouble.)
Widespread low-level violence turned the new territory of Kansas into [[Bleeding Kansas]] 1855–56. (Nebraska was a separate territory and did not have trouble.)
Multiple votes over slavery ended up taking place in Kansas, and they were rife with accusations of voter fraud.
Multiple votes over slavery ended up taking place in Kansas, and they were rife with accusations of voter fraud.
* Johannsen. Robert W. ''Stephen A. Douglas'' (1997), the standard biography [https://www.amazon.com/Stephen-Douglas-Robert-W-Johannsen/dp/0252066359/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1222235708&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* Johannsen. Robert W. ''Stephen A. Douglas'' (1997), the standard biography [https://www.amazon.com/Stephen-Douglas-Robert-W-Johannsen/dp/0252066359/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1222235708&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union''. vol 2 (1947), the most detailed history.
* Nevins, Allan. ''Ordeal of the Union''. vol 2 (1947), the most detailed history.
*Nichols, Roy F. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography." ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 43 (September 1956): 187-212. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1902683 Online at JSTOR at most academic libraries.]
*Nichols, Roy F. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography." ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 43 (September 1956): 187–212. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1902683 Online at JSTOR at most academic libraries.]
*[[David Potter|Potter, David M.]] ''The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861'' (1976), Pulitzer prize winning scholarly history. [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0061319295/ref=sib_dp_pop_idx?ie=UTF8&p=S0IA#reader-link excerpt and text search]
*[[David Potter|Potter, David M.]] ''The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861'' (1976), Pulitzer prize winning scholarly history. [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0061319295/ref=sib_dp_pop_idx?ie=UTF8&p=S0IA#reader-link excerpt and text search]
*[http://www.kshs.org/publicat/history/2001winter_sengupta.pdf SenGupta, Gunja. “Bleeding Kansas: A Review Essay.” ''Kansas History ''24 (Winter 2001/2002): 318-341.]
*[http://www.kshs.org/publicat/history/2001winter_sengupta.pdf SenGupta, Gunja. “Bleeding Kansas: A Review Essay.” ''Kansas History ''24 (Winter 2001/2002): 318-341.]