Changes

==Political career==

==Political career==

He was the California state controller from 1946 until he entered the Senate in 1953. He became controller in 1946 under his mentor, liberal [[Governor]] [[Earl Warren]], and resigned as controller when Warren appointed him to succeed Nixon. Both Warren and Kuchel declined to support Nixon.

He was the California state controller from 1946 until he entered the Senate in 1953. He became controller in 1946 under his mentor, liberal [[Governor]] [[Earl Warren]], and resigned as controller when Warren appointed him to succeed [[Richard M. Nixon]]. Both Warren and Kuchel declined to support Nixon.

===U.S. Senate===

===U.S. Senate===

He succeeded Senator [[Richard M. Nixon]], who on January 20, 1953, became [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. From 1959 to 1969, Kuchel was the Senate Minority Whip in which capacity he was a floor manager of the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75|title=HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284|title=HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.}}</ref> He also pushed for the ratification of the [[Twenty-Fourth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]], which ended poll taxes in federal elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226|title=S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref> He worked in 1967 to confirm his fellow [[liberal]], the [[African-American]] [[Thurgood Marshall]], a [[civil rights]] attorney, to the [[United States Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref>  

He succeeded Senator Nixon, who on January 20, 1953, became [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. From 1959 to 1969, Kuchel was the Senate Minority Whip in which capacity he was a floor manager of the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75|title=HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/s284|title=HR. 8601. PASSAGE OF AMENDED BILL.}}</ref> He also pushed for the ratification of the [[Twenty-Fourth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]], which ended poll taxes in federal elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s226|title=S.J. RES. 29. APPROVAL OF RESOLUTION BANNING THE POLL TAX AS PREREQUISITE FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref> He worked in 1967 to confirm his fellow [[liberal]], the [[African-American]] [[Thurgood Marshall]], a [[civil rights]] attorney, to the [[United States Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1967/s176|title=CONFIRMATION OF NOMINATION OF THURGOOD MARSHALL, THE FIRST NEGRO APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT.|publisher=GovTrack.us}}</ref>  

While running for reelection, Kuchel did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which established open housing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.}}</ref> He sought a third full term but lost the Republican [[primary]] to the strongly [[conservative]] Maxwell Lewis "Max" Rafferty, Jr. (1917–1982), the then California superintendent of public instruction. Rafferty, however, was defeated by the staunchly liberal [[Alan Cranston]], who like Kuchel was a former state controller.

While running for reelection, Kuchel did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which established open housing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/90-1968/s346|title=TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN SALE OR RENTAL OF HOUSING, AND TO PROHIBIT RACIALLY MOTIVATED INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON EXERCISING HIS CIVIL RIGHTS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.}}</ref> He sought a third full term but lost the Republican [[primary]] to the strongly [[conservative]] Maxwell Lewis "Max" Rafferty, Jr. (1917–1982), the then California superintendent of public instruction. Rafferty, however, was defeated by the staunchly liberal [[Alan Cranston]], who like Kuchel was a former state controller.