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'''1920 riot'''
'''1920 riot'''
At the 1920 '5680 Events' / Meoraot-Tarap / Nebi Musa Riots, when the Arab masses ''shouted, "Palestine is ours and the Zionists are our dogs; we have weapons enough; slaughter don't be afraid!" No one was arrested. Falastin praised the behavior of the crowd.''<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/plb/1931/03/08/01/article/21 The Palestine Bulletin, 8 March 1931]<blockquote><small>Danger of Incitement...
At the 1920 '5680 Events' / Meoraot-Tarap / Nebi Musa Riots, when the Arab masses ''shouted, "Palestine is ours and the Zionists are our dogs; we have weapons enough; slaughter don't be afraid!" No one was arrested. Falastin praised the behavior of the crowd.''<ref name=dangerofincitemnet>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/plb/1931/03/08/01/article/21 The Palestine Bulletin, 8 March 1931]<blockquote><small>Danger of Incitement...
During the Nebi Moussa festivals, the crowd shouted, "Palestine is ours and the Zionists are our dogs; we have weapons enough; slaughter don't be afraid!" No one was arrested. Falastin praised the behavior of the crowd.</small></blockquote></ref>
During the Nebi Moussa festivals, the crowd shouted, "Palestine is ours and the Zionists are our dogs; we have weapons enough; slaughter don't be afraid!" No one was arrested. Falastin praised the behavior of the crowd.</small></blockquote></ref>
'''Pushing "the Protocols"'''
'''Pushing "the Protocols"'''
In December 1924, Arab papers, ''Falastin'' and ''Rakib Sion'', cautioned their Arab readers against joining Masonic lodges, because they are dominated by Jews. As evidence they refer to the infamous falsification, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion."<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/refer-to-protocols-in-warning-against-masonic-lodges Refer to "protocols" in Warning Against Masonic Lodges], ''JTA'', December 23, 1924. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1924/1924-12-23_059.pdf].<blockquote><small>
In December 1924, Arab papers, ''Falastin'' and ''Rakib Sion'', cautioned their Arab readers against joining Masonic lodges, because they are dominated by Jews. As evidence they refer to the infamous falsification, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion."<ref name=jta-dec1924>[https://www.jta.org/archive/refer-to-protocols-in-warning-against-masonic-lodges Refer to "protocols" in Warning Against Masonic Lodges], ''JTA'', December 23, 1924. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1924/1924-12-23_059.pdf].<blockquote><small>
Palestine Arabs should not join lodges of the Masonic order, according to a warning published in the Arab papers, ''Falastin'' and ''Rakib Sion''.
Palestine Arabs should not join lodges of the Masonic order, according to a warning published in the Arab papers, ''Falastin'' and ''Rakib Sion''.
The papers caution their Arab readers against joining Masonic lodges, because they are dominated by Jews. As evidence they refer to the infamous falsification, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion."
The papers caution their Arab readers against joining Masonic lodges, because they are dominated by Jews. As evidence they refer to the infamous falsification, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion."
(Worth mentioning, Falastin, at the same March 1, 1931 issues, hailed years of Jihad).
(Worth mentioning, Falastin, at the same March 1, 1931 issues, hailed years of Jihad).
<small>PS
The protest by other Arabic papers, as well as the large Arab crowd at the court, might explain the apoeasing dudmissal if El Issa's which his two lines "without his knowledge" and "no evil intent" are a bit contradictory, and even it was true which shoud seriously doubt after promot00ing "The Protocols" less than 7 years earlier,<ref name=jta-dec1924/> it is terrible that at his most influential paper some think this can help Arab nationalism. The suspension lasted still almost another week.<ref>''JTA'', 3/19/31.</ref></small>
Following the April-5-1931 [18th of Nisan, 5691] Arab murdering and injuring of Jews near Yadjur [ياجور, Yâjûr],<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/the-yadjur-murders-in-palestine-third-suspect-arrested-also-arab-belonging-to-assasi-village The Yadjur Murders in Palestine: Third Suspect Arrested: Also Arab Belonging to Assasi Village.
April 27, 1931. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1931/1931-04-27_094.pdf].<blockquote><small>
A third Arab has been arrested on suspicion of having been concerned in the shooting outrage during Passover in which three members of the Jewish Labour settlement of Yadjur were killed. He, like the others, is an Arab belonging to the village of Aassasi, near Safed, and is named Saleh Shubani.</small></blockquote></ref><ref>The Advocate, vol. 82. United States: n.p., 1931, [https://books.google.com/books?id=s8kkFtCX3IoC&q=%22Yadjur%22 p. 236].<blockquote><small>
[September 26 , 1931].
Yadjur and Public Security
But for the ghastly crime near Yadjur in April when two young halutzot and one halutz were killed, and the mysterious disappearance toward the end of the year of a halutz and halutza who started out on an innocent excursion and appear to have been swallowed up..</small></blockquote></ref><ref>American Jewish Year Book. United States: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1931, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GKtKAAAAYAAJ&q=Yadjur p. 104].<blockquote><small>
There were occasional attacks upon Jews , the most sensational being that which occurred on April 5, near the Arab village of Yadjur, in which three Jews were killed and four seriously injured.</small></blockquote></ref><ref>Yadjur Shooting Outrage in Palestine Claims Another Victim: Jewish Girl Who Was Injured in Attack Soon After Her Arrival in Palestine Commits Suicide: Never Recoverd From Shock: Was Married Only Fornight Ago, ''JTA'', November 3, 1931. [http://pdfs.jta.org/1931/1931-11-03_252.pdf][https://www.jta.org/archive/yadjur-shooting-outrage-in-palestine-claims-another-victim-jewish-girl-who-was-injured-in-attack-so.<blockquote><small>
The Yadjur shooting outrage, which occurred on the Haifa Road last April, when a group of Jewish labourers returning to the Yadjur Labour settlement from the Nesher Cement Factory were ambushed by a band of Arabs, has to-day claimed another victim in Breina Halperin, one of the girls in the party, who was injured at the time. She had only just come to Palestine from Poland in order to be married, when the outrage occurred, and she never recovered from the shock. She was continually since then suffering from a fit of melancholy, and this morning she threw herself under a train. The funeral took place at Haifa this afternoon. She had been married only a fortnight ago.
Three of the members of the Party, Hinda Fishman, Samuel Dishnel and Jacob Zamir, were killed outright in the attack. Although about seven months have elapsed, the police have not yet been able to trace the murderers.</small></ref><ref>[https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/kremenets/kre223.html Kremenets, Ukraine (Pages 223-230)].<blockquote><small>
L
'''The Two Who Fell in Yagur'''
'''Ester Fidel (Meshek Yagur)'''
Eleven young men and women, members of Meshek Yagur and the United Kibbutz Movement, and one from Kfar Chasidim, returned in the evening on Sunday, 19 Nisan 1931, from the Nesher neighborhood to Meshek Yagur, a 15-minute wagon ride. As they neared the farm, 100 meters along the road to Kfar Chasidim, they saw a few Arabs standing by the road. The Arabs allowed the wagon to pass, and once it had passed, they opened fire with a volley of shots. The first shots came from the left, and the first injured were those sitting on the left side of the wagon: Shmuel Dishel was killed immediately with a bullet to the heart and fell in the wagon, and the wagon driver, Yakov Zamir, a member of Meshek Yagur, was severely injured, fell from the wagon, and died several hours later. The donkeys panicked and ran toward the farm, and the shots that hit the wagon during its escape came from the right side. A member of the Movement, Hinde Fishman, who was sitting on the right side, was killed by a bullet through the heart, and she fell out of the wagon.
The three fatalities and the four wounded had previously been members of Kibbutz Klosova.
(''Davar'' newspaper, April 7, 1931)
'''Hinde Fishman'''
She came from the Dubna suburb. Hinde did her pioneer training in the kibbutz known as Klosova in Poland. She immigrated in 1929 with the first wave of the Fifth Immigration, and she was sent near the farming kibbutz in Petach Tikvah. Quiet, nice to all creatures, and kindhearted, Hinde dedicated herself with love and purpose to labor. She worked in the orchards of Petach Tikvah and at the farm. After two years of training, she decided to make her permanent home in Meshek Yagur. There was already a group from Klosova there, and Mount Carmel reminded her of the hills of Kremenets, where she had spent her childhood.
In 1931, before Passover, Hinde came to Yagur. She was only with us for one week, because on the evening of Sunday, 18 Nisan 1931, a large group of us, mostly from Kremenets, traveled in the wagon to nearby Nesher (there were still no automobiles at the kibbutz). It was a very dark night, and as we returned, terrorists ambushed us. I will never forget how happy and satisfied Hinde was that evening, as if she suddenly and all at once felt the happiness she had not yet had in her short life. Poverty and an unhappy childhood did not give her much joy during her life, but that night she was very happy. Near her new home, full of dreams and hopes for working and creating her own homeland, she was cut down by an enemy bullet.
''[Page 225]''
The horses were bewildered by the shooting and reared up, and Hinde, who was gravely wounded, fell from the wagon onto the road. We could hear her final screams of pain and protest at the attackers' unfairness and cruelty. This refugee screamed and then became quiet forever, at the young age of 26. When group members went to search for her, she was dead. Three were killed and five were wounded in the attack. One of the victims was another Kremenets native, Shmuel Dishel, who was killed by a bullet straight through his heart, and he fell without uttering a sound. They found him dead in the wagon. These three martyrs were laid to rest in a common grave underneath a massive stone expertly inscribed with sheaves blowing in the wind. They move (in the wind) but are not broken.
Nor were we broken. Our group of Kremenets natives, a sizable group at our farm, together with the other members, took the yoke of action on our young shoulders, and thereby we fulfill Hinde's aspirations.
Rest in peace, Hinde! You could not fulfill your life's dreams, but we will faithfully and happily continue to serve the homeland. We turned desolate land to fruitfulness, we did our part to create a refuge for our people, and we have built a home – about which you dreamed so eagerly – on behalf of those who wish to serve the people and the homeland.
Rest in peace, dearest one!
'''Shmuel Dishel'''
From ''Davar'', May 5, 1931
Age 22. Native of Kremenets. Completed Jewish Primary School and immediately went on to work and pioneer activities. He joined Young Pioneer and learned the tailoring trade. After a while he became an active member – a member of the council – of the tailors' union in Kremenets. He was the only wage earner in his household, but his desire to immigrate prevailed. After two years in the Pioneer organization, he went to a training kibbutz. He spent one and a half years working in the factories of Klosova. He immigrated within a year, joined the Yagur group, and went to work in the factories in Atlit on behalf of the group.
From the time he left his student's desk, he never stopped working and toiling, and when he came home to the kibbutz to rest during the holiday, he fell at the hands of the oppressor.
Dishel's hands paved the road on which he was killed.
'''The Funeral'''
From ''Davar'', April 7, 1931
From the Haifa Workers' Council and Meshek Yagur, announcements were put up in Haifa inviting people to attend the funeral, and masses of people streamed to Hadassah Hospital. The funeral procession left there at 3:00 p.m., and at its head was a group of motorcycle riders from The Worker and an honor guard of British “foot-policemen” on horseback and in automobiles, led by Commander Flyer and then Deputy Petroz. After passing through the Technion courtyard, the procession turned to HeChalutz Street and stopped next to the Workers' House. From its balcony, Duvid Ben-Gurion eulogized the victims on behalf of the General Council of the Zionist Organization. From the factory, the procession went to Herzl Street, and next to the Central Synagogue, the cantor sang “God, Full of Compassion.” Next to the Wadi Rushmie Bridge, across from the communal houses, the coffins were placed in hearses, and dozens of cars filled with passengers escorted them to Yagur.
<i>[Translator's Note: The Worker in Hebrew is HaPoel, an Israeli labor organization. “God, Full of Compassion” (El Male Rachamim) is a prayer for the dead recited at a funeral.]</i>
Next to the Nesher factory, inhabitants of the area and of Kfar Hasidim joined the funeral procession. The crowd at the cemetery in Yagur numbered 2,000. Members of the group, the farm, and Nesher placed wreaths on the coffins. At the graveside, Nachum Benari gave a short speech on behalf of the United Kibbutz.</small></blockquote></ref><ref>Eli Alon, [https://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0026-D-152313-00.html The story of the cemeteries in Yagur], ''News1'', 16/01/2022.
<blockquote><small>
Yegur's old cemetery
The old cemetery of Yegur lays as mentioned in the heart of the kibbutz close to the houses of residents. This is a small cemetery with about 100 graves, (counting) the founders of Yegur, children and the parents of the members are buried there. The cemetery was opened in Nissan 1929. Until then, Yagur's dead were buried in Haifa. Many of those who died during this period died of mosquito fever caused by the undrained swamps of the area. Buried here in a mass grave are the "Three" - the three members of Yagur who were murdered in April 1931 in the Yagur estuaries while they were returning in a wagon from the nearby Nesher, by a group of rioters from the Ezz-e-Din e-Kasem gang. The event stirred up the Jewish settlement in the country at the time. The three: the wagoner Jacob Zamir (23), Hinda Fishman (27), Shmuel Dishel (23). A monument was erected on their graves A large tombstone that was designed by Israel's Prize-winning sculptor, Batia Lishansky. On a large slab, Lishansky created a huge relief of Shivols bowing their heads to the ground and on it are engraved the names of the three murdered and below them the words "...murdered from the ambush" and the date of the murder.</small></blockquote></ref><ref>Joe Winkler, [https://www.jta.org/2013/03/29/default/passover-blood-libels-and-terrorist-attacks Passover: blood libels and terrorist attacks], ''JTA'', March 29, 2013.
<blockquote>
Though blood libel accusations have declined in recent decades, bloodletting in the form of terrorist attacks against Jews was an all-too-frequent occurrence on Passover. In 1931, three members of the Yadjur settlement were murdered on Passover by Arab assailants.</blockquote ></ref> it was noted regarding the Danger of Incitement:<ref name=dangerofincitemnet/>:
<blockquote>It is true that the Arabic press has condemned the Yadjur outrage, but that does not condone it from its performances in the past year. It is true that the Falastin has censured the outrage but that does not balance its having planted the seed of blood libel only a short while ago..</blockquote>
==Dizengoff==
Weeks after the attempted blood libel, ''Falastin'' tried to put words in Tel Aviv mayor's mouth as if he meant "Arabs" when he said 'enemies,' when in fact he meant any enemy, Arab or Jew "who are trying to make us quarrel, in the same way as the ''Falastin'' is doing,' he said. "Arabs-Moslem or Christian are our Brothers," he stated.<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/arabs-moslem-or-christian-are-our-brothers-mr-dizengoff-mayor-of-tel-aviv-says-declares-felestin Arabs-moslem or Christian Are Our Brothers Mr. Dizengoff Mayor of Tel Aviv Says: Declares 'felestin’], ''JTA'', March 28, 1931.<blockquote><small>
The Arabs, whether Moslem or Christian, are our brothers, and when I speak of enemies I mean also those Jews who are trying to make us quarrel, in the same way as the “Felestin” is doing, Mr. Mayer Dizengoff, the Mayor of Tel Aviv, writes in a reply to a warning issued to the Arab population by the Palestine Arab Executive, to take no part in the celebrations now being held in honour of Mr. Dizengoff’s 70th. birthday. The Zionists will exploit any Arab participation in the celebrations for propaganda purposes, the Palestine Arab Executive said, in its statement. Mr. Dizengoff’s reference to “enemies” is intended to correct the impression created by the “Felestin”, which, in reporting his speech welcoming Dr. Weizmann to Tel Aviv, made him say that the Arabs were enemies.</small><blockquote></ref>
==1930s (1932-9): fascism & Hitler ==
==1930s (1932-9): fascism & Hitler ==