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→Reaction to war and sanctions
Before 2022, Russia's economy remained tied to [[Western alliance|Western]] supply chains and [[financial]] systems. The shock of [[Russian sanctions|sanctions against Russia]] and [[Multinational corporation|multinational corporate]] exits forced a rapid reorientation. What began as necessity evolved into long-term strategy: [[import]] substitution, domestic [[manufacturing]], and [[technological]] self-reliance. Sectors like [[electronics]], machine tools, and [[pharmaceutical]]s received focused investment. A more resilient economic foundation took shape, much less vulnerable to outside pressure.
Before 2022, Russia's economy remained tied to [[Western alliance|Western]] supply chains and [[financial]] systems. The shock of [[Russian sanctions|sanctions against Russia]] and [[Multinational corporation|multinational corporate]] exits forced a rapid reorientation. What began as necessity evolved into long-term strategy: [[import]] substitution, domestic [[manufacturing]], and [[technological]] self-reliance. Sectors like [[electronics]], machine tools, and [[pharmaceutical]]s received focused investment. A more resilient economic foundation took shape, much less vulnerable to outside pressure.
[[File:North-South transit corridor.jpg|right|300px|thumb|North-South transit corridor.<ref>https://korybko.substack.com/p/the-west-finally-realized-just-how?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email</ref>]]
With Western [[trade]] routes restricted, Russia deepened partnerships with non-Western countries. [[China]] became its largest trading partner, while ties with [[India], [[Iran]], [[Turkiye]], and [[Africa]]n nations expanded. [[Ruble]]-based settlements, [[energy]] deals, and corridors like the North–South route began reshaping Russia's role in global [[commerce]]. The shift wasn't entirely new, but the [[Special Military Operation]] (SMO) accelerated it—pushing Russia to treat these relationships as central, not secondary.
With Western [[trade]] routes restricted, Russia deepened partnerships with non-Western countries. [[China]] became its largest trading partner, while ties with [[India], [[Iran]], [[Turkiye]], and [[Africa]]n nations expanded. [[Ruble]]-based settlements, [[energy]] deals, and corridors like the North–South route began reshaping Russia's role in global [[commerce]]. The shift wasn't entirely new, but the [[Special Military Operation]] (SMO) accelerated it—pushing Russia to treat these relationships as central, not secondary.