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There is no single Independent Catholic church. There are many such churches, with completely contrary beliefs to each other. Several of these hold the belief that they are the true Roman Catholic Church, and that the mainstream Roman Catholic Church has fallen into heresy or apostasy. We can group them into a few categories:

There is no single Independent Catholic church. There are many such churches, with completely contrary beliefs to each other. Several of these hold the belief that they are the true Roman Catholic Church, and that the mainstream Roman Catholic Church has fallen into heresy or apostasy. We can group them into a few categories:

==Traditional Old Catholic Churches==

==Traditional Old Catholic Churches==

*'''Traditional Old Catholic churches'''. One entity is the [[Polish National Catholic Church]] originally just in the United States, but now also in Canada and Italy. The schism with the [[Roman_Catholic_Church | Roman Catholic Church]] started in 1901 and became complete in 1907 when Fr. Hodur is consecrated a Bishop by Dutch Old Catholic bishops, in Utrecht, Holland<ref>https://www.easterndiocesepncc.org/historical-timeline-of-the-polish-national-catholic-church/</ref>. It did not break away over any particular doctrinal issue, but as a result of ethnic conflict. Polish immigrants to the United States felt neglected by the predominantly Italian hierarchy in the United States. <ref>https://pncc.org/</ref>  It was the largest member of the Union of Utrecht<ref>https://www.utrechter-union.org/en/welcome/</ref> until 2003 when it severed its ties in opposition to the Union's approval of [[women priests]] and blessing gay marriages. The Polish National Catholic Church has created the Union of Scranton<ref>https://theunionofscranton.org/</ref> with the Nordic Catholic Church of Norway<ref>https://nordiccatholic.com/about-us/</ref> another Independent Old Catholic church; which has parishes all over Europe.

*'''Traditional Old Catholic churches'''. One entity is the [[Polish National Catholic Church]] originally just in the United States, but now also in Canada and Italy. The schism with the [[Roman_Catholic_Church | Roman Catholic Church]] started in 1901 and became complete in 1907 when Fr. Hodur is consecrated a Bishop by Dutch Old Catholic bishops, in Utrecht, Holland<ref>https://www.easterndiocesepncc.org/historical-timeline-of-the-polish-national-catholic-church/</ref>. It did not break away over any particular doctrinal issue, but as a result of ethnic conflict. Polish immigrants to the United States felt neglected by the predominantly Italian hierarchy in the United States. <ref>https://pncc.org/</ref>  It was the largest member of the Union of Utrecht<ref>https://www.utrechter-union.org/en/welcome/</ref> until 2003 when it severed its ties in opposition to the Union's approval of [[women priests]] and blessing gay marriages. The Polish National Catholic Church has created the Union of Scranton<ref>https://theunionofscranton.org/</ref> with the Nordic Catholic Church of Norway<ref>https://nordiccatholic.com/about-us/</ref> another Traditional Old Catholic church; which has parishes all over Europe.

==Liberal Old Catholic Churches==

==Liberal Old Catholic Churches==