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In 1995, when the VENONA transcripts were declassified, further detailed information was revealed about Soviet Union espionage in the United States. VENONA specifically references at least 349 people in the United States—including citizens, immigrants, and permanent residents—who may have cooperated in various ways with Soviet intelligence agencies. It is generally believed that McCarthy had no access to VENONA intelligence, but VENONA supports the view that some of the individuals investigated by McCarthy were indeed Soviet agents. These are several prominent examples:

In 1995, when the VENONA transcripts were declassified, further detailed information was revealed about Soviet Union espionage in the United States. VENONA specifically references at least 349 people in the United States—including citizens, immigrants, and permanent residents—who may have cooperated in various ways with Soviet intelligence agencies. It is generally believed that McCarthy had no access to VENONA intelligence, but VENONA supports the view that some of the individuals investigated by McCarthy were indeed Soviet agents. These are several prominent examples:

* [[Mary Jane Keeney]], a [[United Nations]] employee, and her husband Philip Keeney, who worked in the [[Office of Strategic Services]];

* [[Mary Jane Keeney]], a United Nations employee, and her husband Philip Keeney, who worked in the [[Office of Strategic Services]];

* [[Lauchlin Currie]], a special assistant to President Roosevelt;

* [[Lauchlin Currie]], a special assistant to President Roosevelt;

* [[Virginius Frank Coe]], Director of Division of Monetary Research, U.S. Treasury;  Technical Secretary at the [[Bretton Woods]] Conference; [[International Monetary Fund]]

* [[Virginius Frank Coe]], Director of Division of Monetary Research, U.S. Treasury;  Technical Secretary at the Bretton Woods Conference; International Monetary Fund

* [[William Ludwig Ullman]], delegate to the United Nations Charter Conference and Bretton Woods Conference;

* [[William Ludwig Ullman]], delegate to the United Nations Charter Conference and Bretton Woods Conference;

* [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]], Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury and head of the Silvermaster network of spies;

* [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]], Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury and head of the Silvermaster network of spies;

* [[Harold Glasser]], U.S. Treasury Representative to the [[Allied Commission|Allied High Commission in Italy]];

* [[Harold Glasser]], U.S. Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy;

* Four staff members of the [[LaFollette Committee|LaFollette Civil Liberties Committee]], a Senate subcommittee on labor rights chaired by Senator [[Robert La Follette, Jr.]], whom McCarthy defeated for election in 1946;

* Four staff members of the [[LaFollette Committee|LaFollette Civil Liberties Committee]], a Senate subcommittee on labor rights.

* [[Allan Rosenberg]], Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, [[Foreign Economic Administration]]; Counsel to the [[National Labor Relations Board]]; argued cases before the [[United States Supreme Court]].

* [[Allan Rosenberg]], Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, [[Foreign Economic Administration]]; Counsel to the [[National Labor Relations Board]];

Venona transcripts confirm the [[LaFollette Committee|Senate Civil Liberties Subcommittee]], chaired by former Senator [[Robert LaFollette, Jr.]], whom McCarthy defeated for election in 1946, had at least four staff members working on behalf of [[NKVD|Soviet intelligence]].  Chief Councel of the Committee [[John Abt]]; [[Charles Kramer]], who served on three other [[Congressional Committee]]s; [[Allen Rosenberg]], who also served on the [[National Labor Relations Board]], [[Board of Economic Warfare]] (BEW), and the [[Foreign Economic Administration]] (FEA); and [[Charles Flato]], who served on the BEW and FEA, all were [[CPUSA|Communist Party]] members and associated with the [[Comintern]].

Venona transcripts confirm the Senate Civil Liberties Subcommittee, chaired by former Senator Robert LaFollette, Jr., whom McCarthy defeated for election in 1946, had at least four staff members working on behalf of the [[KGB]].  Chief Councel of the Committee [[John Abt]]; [[Charles Kramer]], who served on three other Congressional Committees; Allen Rosenberg, who also served on the [[National Labor Relations Board]], [[Board of Economic Warfare]] (BEW), the [[Foreign Economic Administration]] (FEA) and later argued cases before the [[United States Supreme Court]]; and [[Charles Flato]], who served on the BEW and FEA, all were [[CPUSA|Communist Party]] members and associated with the [[Comintern]].

While the underlying premise of Communists in the government was true, many of McCarthy's targets were not complicit in espionage.  Recent scholarship has established of 159 persons investigated between 1950 and 1952, there is substantial evidence nine had assisted Soviet espionage using evidence from Venona or other sources.  Of the remainder, while not being directly complicit in espionage, many were considered security risks.<ref>#[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page62.html Senator Joseph McCarthy’s Lists and Venona]</ref>

While the underlying premise of Communists in the government was true, many of McCarthy's targets were not complicit in espionage.  Recent scholarship has established of 159 persons investigated between 1950 and 1952, there is substantial evidence nine had assisted Soviet espionage using evidence from Venona or other sources.  Of the remainder, while not being directly complicit in espionage, many were considered security risks.<ref>#[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page62.html Senator Joseph McCarthy’s Lists and Venona]</ref>