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{{President|

{{President|

|name=Harry S. Truman

|name=Harry S Truman

|image=HTruman.jpg

|image=HTruman.jpg

|country=the United States

|country=the United States

}}

}}

'''Harry S Truman''' was the 33rd [[President]] of the [[United States]] and it was by his decision that the first [[atomic bomb]]s were dropped on the [[Japan|Japanese]] cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]].  

'''Harry S Truman''' was the 33rd [[President]] of the [[United States]] and it was on his decision that the first [[atomic bomb]]s were dropped on the [[Japan|Japanese]] cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]].  

==Early life==

==Early life==

Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, [[Missouri]]. He attended public school in Independence, Missouri, graduating from high school in 1901.  Following a few brief jobs in the [[Kansas City area]] first as a carpenter's assistant and then a [[clerk]], he returned to help run the family farm in Grandview.

Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, [[Missouri]]. He attended public school in Independence, Missouri, graduating from high school in 1901.  Following a few brief jobs in the Kansas City area, he returned to help run the family farm in Grandview.

During [[World War I]], Truman went to [[France]] as a captain of artillery.  After returning home from the war, he married Elizabeth "Bess" Wallace and opened a men's clothing store in [[Kansas City]] with a wartime friend.

During [[World War I]], Truman went to [[France]] as a captain of artillery.  After returning home from the war, he married Elizabeth "Bess" Wallace and opened a men's clothing store in [[Kansas City]] with a wartime friend.

==Senate==

==Senate==

Truman won election to the [[United States Senate]] in 1934, and during [[World War II]] gained national prominence for serving as chairman of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program - referred to as the "Truman Committee".<ref>http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hst-bio.htm</ref>

Truman won election to the [[United States Senate]] in 1934, and during World War II gained national prominence for serving as chairman of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program - referred to as the "Truman Committee".<ref>http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hst-bio.htm</ref>

==Selection for Vice-Presidency==

==Selection for Vice-Presidency==

President Roosevelt had been in ill-health since his return from the [[Teheran conference]]. At the 1944 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, DNC Chairman Bob Hannegan went for instructions to President Roosevelt's private railway car just before the July convention officially began. Roosevelt had decided to dump incumbent Vice-President [[Henry Wallace]]. Worried over dissension on the choice of a successor, Roosevelt told Hannegan: "Go on down there and nominate Truman before there's any more trouble. And clear everything with Sidney." <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791619,00.html "Clear everything with Sidney"], [[Time magazine]], Sep. 25, 1944.</ref>  The President could not make the selection of Truman until [[Sidney Hillman]] <ref>''The Roosevelt Myth'', John T. Flynn, Fox and Wilkes, 1948, Book 2, Ch. 8, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Eight___The_Shock_Troops.htm ''The Shock Troops of the Third New Deal'']</ref>, Director of the Political Action Committee for the [[Congress on Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) approved it. <ref> ''Roosevelt Myth'', Book 3, Ch. 10, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Ten___Politics__Disease_.htm ''Politics, Disease and History''], Flynn, 1948.</ref> When Harry Truman walked into the smoke-filled room <ref>[http://www.booknotes.org/Transcript/index_print.asp?ProgramID=1109 ''Truman''], Interview with David McCullough, C-Span Booknotes, July 19, 1992.  Retrieved August 6, 2007.{{user:Iekl}}</ref> of DNC at headquarters at the Stevens Hotel in Chicago, Soviet spies [[John Abt]], [[Lee Pressman]], and [[Nathan Witt]], were on hand." <ref>''The Yalta Betrayal'', Felix Wittmer, Claxton Printers, 1953, pg. 75.</ref>

President Roosevelt had been in ill-health since his return from the [[Teheran conference]]. At the 1944 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, DNC Chairman Bob Hannegan went for instructions to President Roosevelt's private railway car just before the July convention officially began. Roosevelt had decided to dump incumbent Vice-President [[Henry Wallace]]. Worried over dissension on the choice of a successor, Roosevelt told Hannegan: "Go on down there and nominate Truman before there's any more trouble. And clear everything with Sidney." <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791619,00.html "Clear everything with Sidney"], [[Time magazine]], Sep. 25, 1944.</ref>  The President could not make the selection of Truman until [[Sidney Hillman]] <ref>''The Roosevelt Myth'', John T. Flynn, Fox and Wilkes, 1948, Book 2, Ch. 8, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Eight___The_Shock_Troops.htm ''The Shock Troops of the Third New Deal'']</ref>, Director of the Political Action Committee for the [[Congress on Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) approved it. <ref> ''Roosevelt Myth'', Book 3, Ch. 10, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Ten___Politics__Disease_.htm ''Politics, Disease and History''], Flynn, 1948.</ref> When Harry Truman walked into the smoke-filled room <ref>[http://www.booknotes.org/Transcript/index_print.asp?ProgramID=1109 ''Truman''], Interview with David McCullough, C-Span Booknotes, July 19, 1992.  Retrieved August 6, 2007.</ref> of DNC at headquarters at the Stevens Hotel in Chicago, Soviet spies [[John Abt]], [[Lee Pressman]], and [[Nathan Witt]], were on hand." <ref>''The Yalta Betrayal'', Felix Wittmer, Claxton Printers, 1953, pg. 75.</ref>

==Presidency==

==Presidency==

===China and Korea===

===China and Korea===

Without committing U.S. combat troops and without supporting a coalition government, the [[Truman Doctrine]] saved [[Greece]] from [[communism]].  Greece received weapons and financial support and, most importantly, operational advisers at the battalion level, who ensured that American aid was used effectively.  [[George Marshall]] himself testified that such aid might have prevented a [[Comintern]] victory, but General David Barr's military mission to China was specifically instructed not to supply this kind of assistance. <ref>Military Situation in the Far East, Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 82nd Congress (Washington, 1951), p. 558.</ref> General [[Albert C. Wedemeyer]] recommended this approach in his report on his 1947 fact-finding mission, but Marshall personally suppressed the report. <ref>Tang Tsou, ''America's Failure in China, 1941-1945'', Chicago 1964, pg. 457.</ref> Chiang believed that the [[Truman Doctrine]] to [[Containment|contain]] the spread of [[International Communism]] directed from Moscow would be extended to China, and ordered an offensive as soon as word of the new policy reached him. <ref>Richard C. Thornton, ''China:  A Political History, 1917-1980'',  Boulder CO 1982, pg. 208.</ref>  Truman however, made no effort to save China from Communism.

Without committing U.S. combat troops and without supporting a coalition government, the [[Truman Doctrine]] saved Greece from Communism.  Greece received weapons and financial support and, most importantly, operational advisers at the battalion level, who ensured that American aid was used effectively.  [[George Marshall]] himself testified that such aid might have prevented a [[Comintern]] victory, but General David Barr's military mission to China was specifically instructed not to supply this kind of assistance. <ref>Military Situation in the Far East, Hearings before the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, 82nd Congress (Washington, 1951), p. 558.</ref> General [[Albert C. Wedemeyer]] recommended this approach in his report on his 1947 fact-finding mission, but Marshall personally suppressed the report. <ref>Tang Tsou, ''America's Failure in China, 1941-1945'', Chicago 1964, pg. 457.</ref> Chiang believed that the [[Truman Doctrine]] to [[Containment|contain]] the spread of [[International Communism]] directed from Moscow would be extended to China, and ordered an offensive as soon as word of the new policy reached him. <ref>Richard C. Thornton, ''China:  A Political History, 1917-1980'',  Boulder CO 1982, pg. 208.</ref>  Truman however, made no effort to save China from Communism.

The Korean part of Wedemeyer's report was suppressed. Wedemeyer said:

The Korean part of Wedemeyer's report was suppressed. Wedemeyer said:

Conditions inviting the North Korean attack were created by the [[United Nations]] which issued a resolution for withdrawal of both Soviet and American troops. Troops began withdrawing September 15, 1948, leaving only about 7500 Americans lightly armed. This left in South Korea 16,000 Koreans and 7500 Americans, both groups lightly armed, against 150,000 fully armed North Korean Communists. General Roberts, head of the U. S. Military Mission said the South Koreans were not permitted to arm adequately.  

Conditions inviting the North Korean attack were created by the [[United Nations]] which issued a resolution for withdrawal of both Soviet and American troops. Troops began withdrawing September 15, 1948, leaving only about 7500 Americans lightly armed. This left in South Korea 16,000 Koreans and 7500 Americans, both groups lightly armed, against 150,000 fully armed North Korean Communists. General Roberts, head of the U. S. Military Mission said the South Koreans were not permitted to arm adequately.  

[[Chiang Kai-shek]] was caught between two wars—a war on China by [[Japan]] and a war on China by the Soviet Union. American leaders refused to see this and insisted on acting in the illusion that China was fighting the Japanese only and that Soviet Union was an ally. Then came the startling realization that the United States, too, like China, were engaged in two wars in Asia, one against a common enemy, Japan; the other against a common enemy, the Soviet Union. The United States, with its ally China, fought the Japanese. But all the time the Soviet Union, with its satellite Comintern army in China, was fighting both China and the United States. The [[iron curtain]] that, with the [[Yalta agreement]], was rung down over American allies in Europe—[[Poland]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] and other little countries—now fell on China. And this was made possible wholly because of the [[Soviet Union]]'s allies—conscious and unconscious—in America, in the U.S. government and even in the [[U.S. State Department]].

[[Chiang Kai-shek]] was caught between two wars—a war on China by [[Japan]] and a war on China by the Soviet Union. American leaders refused to see this and insisted on acting in the illusion that China was fighting the Japanese only and that Soviet Union was an ally. Then came the startling realization that the United States, too, like China, were engaged in two wars in Asia, one against a common enemy, Japan; the other against a common enemy, the Soviet Union. The United States, with its ally China, fought the Japanese. But all the time the Soviet Union, with its satellite Comintern army in China, was fighting both China and the United States. The [[iron curtain]] that, with the [[Yalta agreement]], was rung down over American allies in Europe—[[Poland]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] and other little countries—now fell on China. And this was made possible wholly because of the Soviet Union's allies—conscious and unconscious—in America, in the U.S. government and even in the [[U.S. State Department]].

==Middle Initial==

==Middle Initial==

There is no period after his middle initial, because it doesn't stand for anything.  He was named with an "S" so that both his grandfathers could claim him as their namesake.<ref>[[Encyclopedia of Presidents]], [[Harry S. Truman]], by Jim Hargrove, Children's Press, 1987.</ref>

There is no period after his middle initial, because it doesn't stand for anything.  He was named with an "S" so that both his grandfathers could claim him as their namesake. <ref> [[Encyclopedia of Presidents, Harry S. Truman]], by Jim Hargrove, Children's Press, 1987. </ref>

==Links==

==Links==

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<small><references/></small>

==External links==

==External links==