| − | '''Aramaic''' was the [[language]] of [[Jesus]]. It is a Semitic language and was spoken by the [[Aramaeans]] and spread across the [[Mesopotamia]] and became the language of the [[Persian Empire]]. It was most closely related to [[Hebrew]] and [[Arabic]]. The post-biblical Rabbinic commentary on the Bible and application of the Biblical laws (as well as perpetuating of the Biblical lore) to contemporary Jewish life, is known as the Talmud. The first part of the Talmud is primarily in Mishnaic (2nd cent. B.C. to 2nd cent. A.D.) Hebrew and secondarily in Aramaic. The second part of the Talmud, known as the Gemara, is primarily in Aramaic and secondarily in Hebrew. The Babylonian recension of the Talmud - representing Babylonian exilic Judaism - is authoritative for Jews today rather than the Palestinian Talmud - representing "Land of Israel" Hebrew speaking Judaism from Palestine. | + | '''Aramaic''' was the [[language]] of [[Jesus]].<ref name="a">The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989</ref> It is a Semitic language and was spoken by the [[Aramaeans]] and spread across the [[Mesopotamia]] and became the language of the [[Persian Empire]].<ref name="a"/> It was most closely related to [[Hebrew]] and [[Arabic]]. The post-biblical Rabbinic commentary on the Bible and application of the Biblical laws (as well as perpetuating of the Biblical lore) to contemporary Jewish life, is known as the Talmud. The first part of the Talmud is primarily in Mishnaic (2nd cent. B.C. to 2nd cent. A.D.) Hebrew and secondarily in Aramaic. The second part of the Talmud, known as the Gemara, is primarily in Aramaic and secondarily in Hebrew. The Babylonian recension of the Talmud - representing Babylonian exilic Judaism - is authoritative for Jews today rather than the Palestinian Talmud - representing "Land of Israel" Hebrew speaking Judaism from Palestine. |
| − | It survives today only in isolated [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] villages as well as some [[Nestorian]]s in northern [[Iraq]] and eastern [[Turkey]]. | + | It survives today only in isolated [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] villages as well as some [[Nestorian]]s in northern [[Iraq]] and eastern [[Turkey]].<ref name="a"/> |