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'''[[Sweden]]''' has a history stretching 14 centuries. For recent history see [[Sweden]]
'''[[Sweden]]''' has a history stretching 14 centuries. For recent history see [[Sweden]] [[Image:1500BALT.JPG|thumb|450px|the Baltic region in 1500]]
==Middle Ages==
==Middle Ages==
During the seventh and eighth centuries, the Swedes were merchant seamen well known for their far-reaching trade. In the ninth century, Nordic Vikings raided and ravaged the European continent as far as the Black and Caspian Seas. During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden gradually became a unified Christian kingdom that later included Finland. Queen Margaret of Denmark united all the Nordic lands in the "Kalmar Union" in 1397. Continual tension within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century. The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Norway and Denmark on one side and Sweden and Finland on the other.
During the seventh and eighth centuries, the Swedes were merchant seamen well known for their far-reaching trade. In the ninth century, Nordic Vikings raided and ravaged the European continent as far as the Black and Caspian Seas. During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden gradually became a unified Christian kingdom that later included Finland. Queen Margaret of Denmark united all the Nordic lands in the "Kalmar Union" in 1397. Continual tension within the countries and within the union gradually led to open conflict between the Swedes and the Danes in the 15th century. The union's final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Norway and Denmark on one side and Sweden and Finland on the other.
==Early Modern==
==Early Modern==
* Hudson, Benjamin. ''Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in North America''. (2005).
* Hudson, Benjamin. ''Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in North America''. (2005).
* Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. ''A History of the Swedish People: Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Renaissance,'' (2005)
* Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. ''A History of the Swedish People: Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Renaissance,'' (2005)
* Österberg, Eva. ''Mentalities and Other Realities: Essays in
* Österberg, Eva. ''Mentalities and Other Realities: Essays in Medieval and Early Modern Scandinavian History.'' Lund U. Press, 1991. 207 pp.
Medieval and Early Modern Scandinavian History.'' Lund U. Press, 1991. 207 pp.
* Österberg, Eva and Lindström, Dag. ''Crime and Social Control in Medieval and Early Modern Swedish Towns.'' (1988). 169 pp.
* Österberg, Eva and Lindström, Dag. ''Crime and Social Control in Medieval and Early Modern Swedish Towns.'' (1988). 169 pp.
* Porshnev, B. F. and Paul Dukes, eds. ''Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War, 1630-1635.'' (1996). 256 pp.
* Porshnev, B. F. and Paul Dukes, eds. ''Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War, 1630-1635.'' (1996). 256 pp.
* Hodgson, Antony. ''Scandinavian Music: Finland and Sweden.'' (1985). 224 pp.
* Hodgson, Antony. ''Scandinavian Music: Finland and Sweden.'' (1985). 224 pp.
* Hoppe, Göran and Langton, John. ''Peasantry to Capitalism: Western Östergötland in the Nineteenth Century.'' (1995). 457 pp.
* Hoppe, Göran and Langton, John. ''Peasantry to Capitalism: Western Östergötland in the Nineteenth Century.'' (1995). 457 pp.
* Lewin, Leif. ''Ideology and Strategy: A Century of Swedish
* Lewin, Leif. ''Ideology and Strategy: A Century of Swedish Politics.'' (1988). 344 pp.
Politics.'' (1988). 344 pp.
* Metcalf, Michael F., ed. ''The Riksdag: A History of the Swedish Parliament.'' (1987). 347 pp.
* Metcalf, Michael F., ed. ''The Riksdag: A History of the Swedish Parliament.'' (1987). 347 pp.
* Misgeld, Klaus; Molin, Karl; and Amark, Klas. ''Creating Social Democracy: A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden.'' (1993). 500 pp.
* Misgeld, Klaus; Molin, Karl; and Amark, Klas. ''Creating Social Democracy: A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden.'' (1993). 500 pp.
*[http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/sweden.html History of Sweden]
*[http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/sweden.html History of Sweden]
* [http://www.sci.fi/~fta/f19-1.htm F19, Swedish Volunteer Unit in Finland during the Winter War]
* [http://www.sci.fi/~fta/f19-1.htm F19, Swedish Volunteer Unit in Finland during the Winter War]
* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2880.htm source for much of this article; not copyright]
* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2880.htm source for parts of this article; not copyright]