Changes

'''Pierre Elliot Trudeau''' (1919-2000) was the fifteenth [[Prime Minister]] of [[Canada]]. He remains a towering figure in Canadian politics even to this day. He held office for 15 years in two spells, the first from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and the second from March 3, 1980 to June 29, 1984. In longevity and importance, he compares to [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], who was Prime Minister for twenty-one years in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.

'''Pierre Elliot Trudeau''' (1919-2000) was the fifteenth [[Prime Minister]] of [[Canada]]. He remains a towering figure in Canadian politics even to this day. He held office for 15 years in two spells, the first from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and the second from March 3, 1980 to June 29, 1984. In longevity and importance, he compares to [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], who was Prime Minister for twenty-one years in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.

Trudeau, leader of the [[Liberal_Party_of_Canada|Liberal Party]], is best known for sponsoring the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], [[repatriation|repatriating]] the Canadian [[constitution]] so that Britain lost its last remaining control over Canada, his anti-American foreign policy, his failed efforts to seize federal control of Alberta's oil riches, and his aggressive defeat of Quebec separatist terrorism by the War Measures Act during [[Québec]]'s October Crisis in 1970.  In terms of American conservatism and liberalism, his Liberal Party contained both conservative and liberal elements; his policies generally were hostile to conservative positions.

Trudeau, leader of the [[Liberal_Party_of_Canada|Liberal Party]], is best known for sponsoring the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], [[repatriation|repatriating]] the Canadian [[constitution]] so that Britain lost its last remaining control over Canada, his anti-American foreign policy, his failed efforts to seize federal control of [[Alberta]]'s oil riches, and his aggressive defeat of [[Québec]] separatist terrorism by the War Measures Act during the October Crisis in 1970.  In terms of American conservatism and liberalism, his Liberal Party contained both conservative and liberal elements; his policies generally were hostile to conservative positions.

 

==Career==

==Career==

Trudeau was born October 18, 1919, the son of a wealthy businessman  Charles-Emile Trudeau and Grace Elliot.  Bilingual from an early age, he was educated in French-language Jesuit schools, and was a devout Catholic all his life. He attended the University of Montreal, [[Harvard University]], Université de Paris and the London School of Economics.  A lawyer primarily interested in public affairs; he was a legal adviser to trade unions, and he was closely involved in the 1949 strike of asbestos miners.

Trudeau was born October 18, 1919, the son of a wealthy businessman  Charles-Emile Trudeau and Grace Elliot.  Bilingual from an early age, he was educated in French-language [[Jesuit]] schools, and was a devout [[Catholic]] all his life. He attended the Université de [[Montréal]], [[Harvard University]], Université de Paris and the London School of Economics.  Before entering politics, he was a lawyer, primarily interested in public affairs; he worked as a legal adviser to trade unions and was closely involved in the 1949 strike of asbestos miners. He also taught law at the Université de Montréal.

 

===Quebec politics===

===Quebec politics===

He gained renown for his work in the field of civil liberties when Quebec was ruled, 1944-1959, by the  authoritarian [[Duplessis]] regime. He helped the provincial Liberals win in Quebec in 1960, but then turned away from their growing separatism.  Trudeau was always a strong advocate of the Canadian federal system, and repeatedly opposed all efforts to strengthen the provinces at the expense of the national government in Ottawa. He took leftist positions, opposing also opposed nuclear warheads for Canada and campaigned in the 1963 federal election for the New Democrats, a moderate socialist party, against the Liberals.  Meanwhile the "[[Quiet Revolution]]" was transforming and modernizing Quebec, bringing democracy, secularism, and a determination that Quebec should be feed from the long-time control of English-speaking businessmen.

He gained renown for his work in the field of civil liberties when Quebec was ruled, 1944-1959, by the  authoritarian [[Duplessis]] regime. He helped the provincial Liberals win in Quebec in 1960, but then turned away from their growing separatism.  Trudeau was always a strong advocate of the Canadian federal system, and repeatedly opposed all efforts to strengthen the provinces at the expense of the national government in Ottawa. He took leftist positions, opposing also opposed nuclear warheads for Canada and campaigned in the 1963 federal election for the New Democrats, a moderate socialist party, against the Liberals.  Meanwhile the "[[Quiet Revolution]]" was transforming and modernizing Quebec, bringing democracy, secularism, and a determination that Quebec should be feed from the long-time control of English-speaking businessmen.