Equality principle

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An "equality principle" is judge-made doctrine that seeks equal treatment on the basis of criteria that can range from conditions for admitting states to the Union, taxation, race or gender. Liberals champion an equality principle for race and gender even though though Congress has repeatedly reject results-oriented rules, such as quotas.

Justice Stevens, writing for the Supreme Court, included dictum supporting an equality principle for gender in Miller v. Albright, 523 U.S. 420, 442 (1998).