Henry George
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Henry George (1839-1897) was an American economist who wrote one of the most widely read economic treatises in history: Progress and Poverty (1879). The thesis of the book is the proposal that all government revenue should come from a single tax on land. He argued that land, unlike other factors of production, is supplied by nature and that rent is unearned surplus. The landless deserve their share of this surplus as a birthright, according to George.