Amenhotep IV
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Amenhotep IV was Pharaoh of Egypt from 1353 - 1336 B.C. as part of the 18th Dynasty. He is famous for rejecting the traditional pagan gods of Egypt and installing only one God, Aton. He changed the capital from Thebes to Akhetaton (modern Amarna). He was assassinated, leading to the eventual reign of his famous boy-king son, Tutankhamun, or "King Tut."
His monotheism did not survive his reign. After his death Egypt went back to their former polytheistic religion.