Turing Test
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The Turing Test, invented by Alan Turing, was a test designed to measure Artificial intelligence against. It basically holds that if a computer can convince a human that it is human, by means of dialog, it is intelligent.[1]
The setup of the test is that an operator can communicate, by means of computer text, to two agents, one computer, one human. The only communication he receives from them is written, and he has no prior contact with either the computer or the human. Both agents must then try to convince the operator that they are the human, and the other is the computer. If the computer can successfully do this a realiable number of times it is considered intelligent.