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| − | '''Immanuel Kant''' (1724-1804) was a [[German]] [[philosopher]]. Kant was among the last of the major [[Enlightenment]] thinkers, and was one of the most influential intellectuals in Europe during his lifetime.
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| − | In his ''A Critique of Pure Reason'' Kant criticizes pure [[reason]] as a guide to life, establishing several categories through which reason is able to comprehend the ultimate reality. Kant also established a systematic basis for critical philosophy, establishing [[synthetic a priori]] considerations as a prior necessity to [[analytic a priori]] concepts, and suggested a material origin for the solar system (prior to Kant, the origin of the solar system was considered to be immaterial and possibly even a priori). Kant's own suggestion for a moral daily life was the [[categorical imperative]]: ''Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law''. Expressed another way, an act is moral only if it works as a rule for everyone. For example, littering would be wrong because if everyone did it, then there would be an ugly mess. On the other hand, if a murderer asks you where someone is hiding, you should always tell them because lying is wrong. The categorical imperative can be contrasted with the [[hypothetical imperative]], which says that you should act according to any maxim which might possibly be willed. He remained single throughout his life, though he said, toward the end of it, that he could not afford a wife in his youth and did not need one in his old age. Kant's aim was to make philosophy truly scientific.
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| − | ==Writings==
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| − | Books
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| − | *Critique of Pure Reason (1781, 1787)
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| − | *Metaphysic of Morals
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| − | *Critique of Practical Reason (1788)
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| − | *Metaphysical Elements of Ethics
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| − | *General Intro to Metaphysic of Morals
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| − | *Science of Right
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| − | *Critique of Judgement (1790)
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| − | ::''"Two things fill the mind with ever-increasing wonder and awe, the more often and the more intensely the mind of thought is drawn to them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me."'' Critique of Practical Reason, 1799.
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| − | Articles (published in the 1780s and 1790s)
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| − | *An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment?
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| − | *What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?
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| − | *On the Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy
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| − | *Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
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| − | :::::''“What can I know? What ought I do? For what may I hope?”''
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| − | ==External Links==
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-science/ Kant's Philosophy of Science]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-metaphysics/ Kant's Critique of Metaphysics]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-mind/ Kant's View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-aesthetics/ Kant's Aesthetics and Teleology]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/ Kant's Philosophy of Religion]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-development/ Kant's Philosophical Development]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/ Kant's Moral Philosophy]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-leibniz/ Kant and Leibniz]
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| − | *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-judgment/ Kant's Theory of Judgment]
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
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| − | [[Category:Philosophers]]
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