Difference between revisions of "Organelle"
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| − | Organelles are | + | Organelles are membrane bound structures found in the [[cytoplasm]] of [[cells]] that carry out specific functions. Those functions include storing and breaking down food, storing [[DNA]], producing [[proteins]], and capturing the sun's energy through [[photosynthesis]]. Just like their name states, they act as little organs within each cell. The [[nucleus]], [[mitochondria]], and [[chloroplasts]] are the only organelles that contain DNA. The [[Endosymbiotic Theory]] explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA. |
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| Nucleus | | Nucleus | ||
| Sphere at center of cell surrounded by nuclear membrane | | Sphere at center of cell surrounded by nuclear membrane | ||
| − | | | + | | Controls most cellular functions |
|- | |- | ||
| Nucleolus | | Nucleolus | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | ||
| Membrane system attached to nucleus | | Membrane system attached to nucleus | ||
| − | | Holds ribosomes, modifies proteins | + | | Holds ribosomes (where protein synthesis occurs), modifies proteins |
|- | |- | ||
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
| Change chemical energy from food into forms the cell can use | | Change chemical energy from food into forms the cell can use | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Chloroplasts (only in plant cells) | + | | Chloroplasts (only in plant, algae, and protist cells) |
| Green, membrane enclosed sacs | | Green, membrane enclosed sacs | ||
| − | | Contain the chlorophyll involved in | + | | Contain the chlorophyll involved in photosynthesis |
|- | |- | ||
| Chromoplasts (only in plant cells) | | Chromoplasts (only in plant cells) | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| − | Miller, Kenneth, et | + | 1. Miller, Kenneth, et al. ''Biology''. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2006. |
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Cellular Biology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:03, August 8, 2016
Organelles are membrane bound structures found in the cytoplasm of cells that carry out specific functions. Those functions include storing and breaking down food, storing DNA, producing proteins, and capturing the sun's energy through photosynthesis. Just like their name states, they act as little organs within each cell. The nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are the only organelles that contain DNA. The Endosymbiotic Theory explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA.
Types of Organelles
| Organelle | Description | Function in cell |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Sphere at center of cell surrounded by nuclear membrane | Controls most cellular functions |
| Nucleolus | Solid sphere within nucleus | Begins production of ribosomes |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Membrane system attached to nucleus | Holds ribosomes (where protein synthesis occurs), modifies proteins |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Same as Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, but void of ribosomes | Bonds membrane lipids, detoxifies drugs |
| Golgi Bodies / Golgi Apparatus | Stack of membranes | Packages proteins and other molecules for export out of cell |
| Lysosomes (only in animal cells) | Small spheres | Break down dead organelles and no longer useful molecules |
| Vacoules | Membrane covered sacs | Store food and water |
| Mitochondria | Membrane covered, and composed of a folded membrane | Change chemical energy from food into forms the cell can use |
| Chloroplasts (only in plant, algae, and protist cells) | Green, membrane enclosed sacs | Contain the chlorophyll involved in photosynthesis |
| Chromoplasts (only in plant cells) | Membrane enclosed sacs | Contain other pigments involved in photosynthesis |
| Leukoplasts (only in plant cells) | Membrane enclosed sacs | Convert glucose into starch |
| Centrioles (only in animal cells) | Cylindrical, found in pairs | Assist in cellular division |
References
1. Miller, Kenneth, et al. Biology. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2006.
