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|align=right| 2 || '''Antiochus Soter'''|| align=right| 281 BC ||align=right| 20 || align=right | Half-Persian; called ''Soter'' (savior) for defeating [[Gauls]] in [[Asia Minor]] after 278 BC. | |align=right| 2 || '''Antiochus Soter'''|| align=right| 281 BC ||align=right| 20 || align=right | Half-Persian; called ''Soter'' (savior) for defeating [[Gauls]] in [[Asia Minor]] after 278 BC. | ||
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| − | |align=right| 3 || ''' | + | |align=right| 3 || '''Antiochus Theos'''|| align=right| 261 BC ||align=right| 15 || align=right| Second son of Antiochus Soter. |
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|align=right| 4 || '''[[Seleucus II Callinicus]]'''|| align=right| [[246 BC]] ||align=right| 20 || | |align=right| 4 || '''[[Seleucus II Callinicus]]'''|| align=right| [[246 BC]] ||align=right| 20 || | ||
Revision as of 13:06, March 24, 2019
The Seleucid Empire (323BC – 63BC) was the largest successor state to Alexander the Great's empire. It spanned the region from modern-day Israel to the Indus River Valley, and as far north as Turkmenistan. Hellenistic culture was heavily preserved in the Seleucid empire, leading to an interesting mix of Greek mythology and Zoroastrianism as the main religions of the empire.
List of Seleucid emperors
This list was compiled by French Christian historian Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy in his book Tablettes chronologiques de l'histoire universelle (1745) as the Kings of Syria. It does not include data that was found after the cuneiform language was rediscovered in the 19th century.[1]
| # | Emperor | Start | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seleucus [Nicator] | 312 BC | 31 | Awarded satrapy of Babylon, 321 BC, regained in 312 BC; 301 BC Syria added to domain, founded Antioch same year; captured in 285 BC Demetrius (son of Antigonus) who was biographized in Plutarch's Lives; was assassinated 281 BC.[2] |
| 2 | Antiochus Soter | 281 BC | 20 | Half-Persian; called Soter (savior) for defeating Gauls in Asia Minor after 278 BC. |
| 3 | Antiochus Theos | 261 BC | 15 | Second son of Antiochus Soter. |
| 4 | Seleucus II Callinicus | 246 BC | 20 | |
| 5 | Seleucus III Ceraunos | 226 BC | 3 | |
| 6 | Antiochus II The Great | 223 BC | 37 | |
| 7 | Seleucus IV Philopator | 186 BC | 11 | Seleucus IV killed in 175 BC[3] |
| 8 | Antiochus IV Epiphanes | 175 BC | 12 | Conquered Egypt in 169 BC; despoiled Jewish temple in Jerusalem |
| 9 | Antiochus V Eupator | 163 BC | 2 | Under his guardian Lysias |
| 10 | Demetrius Soter | 161 BC | 11 | Attacked Israel; later made a league with Jonathan against his successor[4] |
| 11 | Alexander Bala | 150 BC | 5 | |
| 12 | Demetrius II Nicator | 145 BC | 1 | |
| 13 | Antiochus, son of Bala | 144 BC | 2 | |
| 14 | Diodotus Tryphon | 142 BC | 4 | |
| 15 | Antiochus VII Sidetes | 138 BC | 9 | |
| 12 | Demetrius II Nicator | 130 BC | 4 | Restored |
| 16 | Alexander Zabynas | 128 BC | - | The tyrant |
| 17 | Seleucus V | 126 BC | 1 | |
| 18 | Antiochus VIII Grypus | 125 BC | 12 | |
| 19 | Antiochus IX from Cyzicus | 113 BC | 18 | |
| 20 | Seleucus VI | 96 BC | 2 | Son of Grypus |
| 21 | Antiochus X | 94 BC | 1 | Son of Cyzicus (sic) |
| Antíoco XI | 93 BC | not included as king | ||
| 22 | Phillip, Demetrius III, Antiochus XII | 92 BC | in war | |
| 23 | Tigranes | 83 BC | 18 | 66 BC: Tigranes was defeated by the Romans |
| 24 | Antiochus XII | 69 BC |
In 63 BC, Syria becomes a Roman province.
Bibliography
- "A General Chronological Table of the Holy Bible" (1904). The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopaedia and Scriptural Dictonary ed. Fallows, Rev. Samuel (Chicago: Howard-Severance, 1920), vol. 3, app. p. 2-37.
- Hellenistic Greek rule of Syria occurred between 323 BC and 66 BC. "Tigranes" (1911). Encyclopedia Britannica (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica), vol. 26, p. 969.
- 1st Maccabees Biblical book (Apocrypha)
References
- ↑ Sources digitalized by Google Books:
- ↑ "Seleucid Dynasty" (1911). Encyclopedia Britannica (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica), vol. 24, pp. 603-604.
- ↑ Bevan, E. R. (1930). "Syria and the Jews" from The Cambridge Ancient History, ed. Cook, S. A. et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge UP), vol. 8, p. 495-496
- ↑ Josephus, Flavius (93 A.D.). The Antiquities of the Jews translated by William Whiston (London: James Cundee, 1806. Reprinted Boston: Samuel Walker, 1849), vol. 1, book 13, ch. 2, pp. 457-458. Retrieved from Internet Archive website.
External links
- Lendering, Jona (2018). "The Seleucid Empire". Livius.org website, ed. rev. from 1999 1st ed.
