Sacrament
A sacrament is a special religious rite in the Christian Churches.
The Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation (Chrismation), the Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation (Confession), the Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction, Last Rites), Holy Orders and Marriage (Holy Matrimony).[1] The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines the sacraments as "perceptible signs (words and actions) accessible to our human nature. By the action of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit they make present efficaciously the grace that they signify".[2]
At the time of the Reformation, Protestant Churches sought to define the number of sacraments as those insituted by Christ Himself, while retaining the others as rites. For example, Holy Matrimony was not a new practice at the time of Christ. Then too, Jesus does not appear to have instituted Holy Unction, although the anointing of the sick by church elders is mentioned in the New Testament. Both Holy Matrimony and anointing of the sick, among others, were retained as rites by the Magisterial Protestants (Lutherans, Reformed and Anglicans).
Though not dogmatic about the number of sacraments, the Lutheran Churches generally teach three sacraments (Holy Baptism, Holy Absolution and Holy Eucharist), identifying four others as rites: confirmation, ordination, matrimony, and anointing of the sick.[3]
The Reformed (Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Anglican) tradition teaches two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper. The Anglican Church's Articles of Religion contend that the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation negates the sacramental character of the Sacrament of the Altar (the Eucharist) because if the substances of the bread and wine are rendered non-existent, as is claimed, there is no longer any physical component.[4]
The Orthodox Church accepts the same set of sacraments as the Roman Catholic church does, but it declines to number the sacraments. The sacraments of the Orthodox Church are more fully described in the essay "Orthodox Mysteries".
The Community of Christ (Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) names eight sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, The Blessing of Children, The Lord's Supper, Marriage, Administration to the sick, Ordination, and the Evangelist's blessing.[5]
The only significant Christian Churches that observe no sacraments at all, in the usual sense of the word, are the Friends (Quakers), Salvation Army, and Unitarians. Most Baptists, instead of referring to sacraments, refer to the two ordinances, namely, baptism and the Lord's Supper, and regard those as symbolic acts of obedience.[6][7] The Mennonite Anabaptist tradition names seven ordinances: "baptism, communion, footwashing, marriage, anointing with oil, the holy kiss, and the prayer covering."[8]
Quotes
St. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313 – 386): "Since Christ Himself said, 'This is my body', who shall dare to doubt that it is His body?"[9]
St. Padre Pio: "A thousand years of enjoying human glory is not worth even an hour spent sweetly communing with Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament."[9]
St. Josemaría Escrivá: "'The Mass is long,' you say, and I reply: 'Because your love is short.'”[9]
St. John Vianney: "There is nothing so great as the Eucharist. If God had something more precious He would have given it to us."[9]
St. Maximilian Kolbe: "If the angels could be jealous of men, they would be for one reason: Holy Communion."[9]
Catholic proverb: "Seven days without the Eucharist makes one weak."[9]
Fr. Mike Schmitz: "So many people see the confessional as a place of defeat, but confession is a place of victory every single time."[9]
Ambrose Bierce: "Rome has seven sacraments, but the Protestant churches, being less prosperous, feel that they can afford only two, and these of inferior sanctity. Some of the smaller sects have no sacraments at all — for which mean economy they will indubitable be damned."[10]
See also
- Sacraments in the Catholic Church
- Baptism
- *Infant baptism
- Eucharist (the Most Blessed Sacrament, the Sacrament of the Altar, Holy Communion)
- Penance and Reconciliation (Confession)
- Confirmation (Chrismation)
- Holy Orders
- Marriage (Holy Matrimony)
- Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction, Last Rites)
- Essay: Water baptism cannot save, the Church cannot save, Born again by faith alone
References
- ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church 1210, The Vatican. Accessed 24 March 2007
- ↑ CCC 1084, The Vatican. Accessed 8 May 2016
- ↑ Word & Sacrament (English). Pilgrim Lutheran Church (2025). “...generally in the Lutheran Christian tradition we speak of three sacraments.”
- ↑ According to Catholic doctrine the "substance" is not the "physical matter". See Transubstantiation: In Roman Catholic theology. Compare Materialism and Philosophical naturalism.
- ↑ Communication Services of Community of Christ, Independence Mo.. Community of Christ: The Sacraments. Cofchrist.org. Retrieved on 2008-11-25.
- ↑ Baptists' Two Ordinances
- ↑ Baptism and the Lord's Supper, from the Southern Baptist Convention
- ↑ (30 April 2013) No Strings Attached: Boundary Lines in Pleasant Places: A History of Warren Street / Pleasant Oaks Mennonite Church (in English). Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-62189-635-7.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedquotes - ↑ Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary
