Changes

|isbn=9-789-02-4936-5

|isbn=9-789-02-4936-5

|quote=Remark on Dark Matter: As is well known much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies.For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies. Equation (2.25) clearly shows that the observed velocity by us is not the velocity measured by a local observer at a relative time <math>t</math> with respect to us. He measures a smaller velocity, and the more back in time the more the velocity decreases. Does this mean that the hypothetical dark matter can be abolished as the "luminiferous ether" was proved to be superfluous by special relativity?       

|quote=Remark on Dark Matter: As is well known much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies.For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies. Equation (2.25) clearly shows that the observed velocity by us is not the velocity measured by a local observer at a relative time <math>t</math> with respect to us. He measures a smaller velocity, and the more back in time the more the velocity decreases. Does this mean that the hypothetical dark matter can be abolished as the "luminiferous ether" was proved to be superfluous by special relativity?       

}}</ref> that astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed gravitational effect.{{#tag:ref|cf. "...much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies. For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies."<ref name="CSR"/>|group=note}} It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that [[evolution]]istic astronomers invoke to account for observations that old-[[universe]] cosmologies, including the [[Big Bang]], cannot explain. The term was introduced by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky who hypothesized that it must be the gravity of unseen ''dark matter'' that holds fast moving galaxies together in clusters.<ref>{{Cite web  

}}</ref> that astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed [[Gravitation|gravitational]] effect.{{#tag:ref|cf. "...much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies. For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies."<ref name="CSR"/>|group=note}} It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that [[evolution]]istic astronomers invoke to account for observations that old-[[universe]] cosmologies, including the [[Big Bang]], cannot explain. The term was introduced by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky who hypothesized that it must be the gravity of unseen ''dark matter'' that holds fast moving galaxies together in clusters.<ref>{{Cite web  

|author=F. Zwicky  

|author=F. Zwicky  

|title = Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln  

|title = Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln  

|author=Michail S. Turner  

|author=Michail S. Turner  

|publisher=Arizona connection, Lectures series

|publisher=Arizona connection, Lectures series

|pages=0:37:00/1:11:39

|pages=0h:37min:00sec/1h:11min:39sec

|accessdate=2012-10-14

|accessdate=2012-10-14

|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWaOyy3WfWk

|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWaOyy3WfWk

|quote=So how he did discover the Dark Matter? He was the first astronomer to study the clusters of galaxies. Clusters of galaxies are joint collections of 2000 or 3000 galaxies. F.Zwicky measured how fast these galaxies are moving. tousend of km per second ...He asks himself if these galaxies are moving so fast, what keeps the clusters together? And the answer is: Should be gravity, the gravity is a universal glue that holds things together. The planets in our solar system move fast, not quite this fast, and it is the gravity of our Sun that holds the Solar system together. There was litle problem though: If you add up all the gravity of all the stars in all the galaxies it is not enough to hold the clusters together - it is off by factor of 50. Zwicky was bold enough to say that clusters must be held together by the gravity of unseen "Dark Matter".}}</ref>  

|quote=So how he did discover the Dark Matter? He was the first astronomer to study the clusters of galaxies. Clusters of galaxies are joint collections of 2000 or 3000 galaxies. F.Zwicky measured how fast these galaxies are moving. ...thousands of km per second ...He asks himself if these galaxies are moving so fast, what keeps the clusters together? And the answer is: Should be gravity, the gravity is a universal glue that holds things together. The planets in our solar system move fast, not quite this fast, and it is the gravity of our Sun that holds the Solar system together. There was litle problem though: If you add up all the gravity of all the stars in all the galaxies it is not enough to hold the clusters together - it is off by factor of 50. Zwicky was bold enough to say that clusters must be held together by the gravity of unseen "Dark Matter".}}</ref>  

Nowadays there is an ongoing controversy taking place about the detectability status of Dark Matter. While proponents of the Friedmann Big Bang cosmologies supplied several papers (the most recent one (2012) published in [[Nature (journal)|journal Nature]]<ref name="Nature">{{cite web

Nowadays there is an ongoing controversy taking place about the detectability status of Dark Matter. While proponents of the Friedmann Big Bang cosmologies supplied several papers (the most recent one (2012) published in [[Nature (journal)|journal Nature]]<ref name="Nature">{{cite web

|author=Zeeya Merali

|author=Zeeya Merali