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| − | '''Historical science''' aims to describe phenomena of the past and reconstruct their causes.<ref>{{Cite book | + | '''Historical science''' aims to describe phenomena of the past and reconstruct their [[Cause and effect|causes]].<ref>{{Cite book |
| | | author=Laudan, R. | chapter=What's so Special about the Past? | page=58 | | | author=Laudan, R. | chapter=What's so Special about the Past? | page=58 |
| | | title=History and Evolution | editor=Nitecki, M.H., and Nitecki, D.V. | year=1992 | | | title=History and Evolution | editor=Nitecki, M.H., and Nitecki, D.V. | year=1992 |
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| | | url=http://books.google.no/books?id=RUGKBdKawDUC&dq=signature+in+the+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k4o9T-HHFaSF4gTYqpSSCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ | | | url=http://books.google.no/books?id=RUGKBdKawDUC&dq=signature+in+the+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k4o9T-HHFaSF4gTYqpSSCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ |
| | | quote= Gould ... emphasized that historical scientist tested their theories by evaluating their explanatory power.}}</ref> Historical scientists commonly use: | | | quote= Gould ... emphasized that historical scientist tested their theories by evaluating their explanatory power.}}</ref> Historical scientists commonly use: |
| − | *the type of reasoning named ''[[abductive reasoning|abduction]]''<ref name="Signature"/>, | + | *(i) the type of reasoning named ''[[abductive reasoning|abduction]]''<ref name="Signature"/>, |
| − | *''inference to the best explanation'' and | + | *(ii) ''inference to the best explanation'' and |
| − | *''argument from analogy''.<ref name="LENNOX">{{cite book | + | *(iii) ''argument from analogy''.<ref name="LENNOX">{{cite book |
| | |author=John C. Lennox | | |author=John C. Lennox |
| | |title=God's undertaker. Has science buried God? | | |title=God's undertaker. Has science buried God? |