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'''Historical science''' aims to describe phenomena of the past and reconstruct their causes.<ref>{{Cite book
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'''Historical science''' aims to describe phenomena of the past and reconstruct their [[Cause and effect|causes]].<ref>{{Cite book
 
| author=Laudan, R. | chapter=What's so Special about the Past? | page=58
 
| author=Laudan, R. | chapter=What's so Special about the Past? | page=58
 
| title=History and Evolution | editor=Nitecki, M.H., and Nitecki, D.V. | year=1992
 
| title=History and Evolution | editor=Nitecki, M.H., and Nitecki, D.V. | year=1992
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| url=http://books.google.no/books?id=RUGKBdKawDUC&dq=signature+in+the+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k4o9T-HHFaSF4gTYqpSSCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ
 
| url=http://books.google.no/books?id=RUGKBdKawDUC&dq=signature+in+the+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k4o9T-HHFaSF4gTYqpSSCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ
 
| quote= Gould ... emphasized that historical scientist tested their theories by evaluating their explanatory power.}}</ref> Historical scientists commonly use:
 
| quote= Gould ... emphasized that historical scientist tested their theories by evaluating their explanatory power.}}</ref> Historical scientists commonly use:
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*the type of reasoning named ''[[abductive reasoning|abduction]]''<ref name="Signature"/>,  
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*(i) the type of reasoning named ''[[abductive reasoning|abduction]]''<ref name="Signature"/>,  
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*''inference to the best explanation'' and  
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*(ii) ''inference to the best explanation'' and  
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*''argument from analogy''.<ref name="LENNOX">{{cite book
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*(iii) ''argument from analogy''.<ref name="LENNOX">{{cite book
 
|author=John C. Lennox
 
|author=John C. Lennox
 
|title=God's undertaker. Has science buried God?
 
|title=God's undertaker. Has science buried God?
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