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→19th century
Internally, Spain was in turmoil, with three wars over the succession issue; the Carlist Wars that pitted conservative against liberal and led to the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873-74); and, finally, the [[Spanish-American War]] of 1898, in which Spain lost [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[Philippines]] to the United States.
Internally, Spain was in turmoil, with three wars over the succession issue; the Carlist Wars that pitted conservative against liberal and led to the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873-74); and, finally, the [[Spanish-American War]] of 1898, in which Spain lost [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[Philippines]] to the United States.
The loss of the War of 1898 reopened divisions between traditionalist conservatives and reformist liberals, causing deep cultural and political rifts that have still not completely healed.
==20th century==
==20th century==