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The Nationalist Party played a key role in the overthrow of the monarchy. Its leader, [[Sun Yat-sen]], served briefly as the republic's first president, and it gained a majority in the 1913 parliamentary elections. Backed by the army, President [[Yuan Shikai]] assassinated parliamentary leader Song Jiaoren and dissolved the Nationalist Party. After Yuan died in 1916, central government weakened. The Japanese backed the reactionary warlord Zhang Zuolin in Manchuria. The Russians under Stalin backed the Nationalist Party, now based in Guangzhou and allied with the Communists. The economy of the Manchuria, overtaxed to support Zhang’s adventurism, collapsed in 1927–28.
The Nationalist Party played a key role in the overthrow of the monarchy. Its leader, [[Sun Yat-sen]], served briefly as the republic's first president, and it gained a majority in the 1913 parliamentary elections. Backed by the army, President [[Yuan Shikai]] assassinated parliamentary leader Song Jiaoren and dissolved the Nationalist Party. After Yuan died in 1916, central government weakened. The Japanese backed the reactionary warlord Zhang Zuolin in Manchuria. The Russians under Stalin backed the Nationalist Party, now based in Guangzhou and allied with the Communists. The economy of the Manchuria, overtaxed to support Zhang’s adventurism, collapsed in 1927–28.
{{Template:History of China}}
In the Northern Expedition of 1926-1928, [[Chiang Kai-shek]] led the Nationalists to a surprisingly easy victory over the far larger, but now bankrupt, forces of the Beiyang warlords. Furious with his failure to stop Chiang’s advance, the Japanese murdered Zhang. Chiang also purged the treacherous Communists and married Song Meiling, a Christian woman who would become greatly admired internationally as China’s first lady. The capital was moved to Nanjing in 1928.
In the Northern Expedition of 1926-1928, [[Chiang Kai-shek]] led the Nationalists to a surprisingly easy victory over the far larger, but now bankrupt, forces of the Beiyang warlords. Furious with his failure to stop Chiang’s advance, the Japanese murdered Zhang. Chiang also purged the treacherous Communists and married Song Meiling, a Christian woman who would become greatly admired internationally as China’s first lady. The capital was moved to Nanjing in 1928.