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Group portrait painters in [[Holland]], such as Rembrandt and Frans Hals, radically transformed the beholder’s relationship to the work of [[art]]. [[Italian Painting|Italian art]] based on internal coherence–that is, a clear hierarchy of the figures depicted in the painting—ran counter to the Kunstwollen (artistic volition) of the artists of democratic Holland, seeking these artists to maintain equality among the sitters. [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/089236548X.html]  

Group portrait painters in [[Holland]], such as Rembrandt and Frans Hals, radically transformed the beholder’s relationship to the work of [[art]]. [[Italian Painting|Italian art]] based on internal coherence–that is, a clear hierarchy of the figures depicted in the painting—ran counter to the Kunstwollen (artistic volition) of the artists of democratic Holland, seeking these artists to maintain equality among the sitters. [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/089236548X.html]  

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The National Portrait Gallery in  London was founded in 1856 to collect portraits of famous British men and women; the Gallery collections include over 195,000 portraits from the 16th Century to the present day. [http://www.npg.org.uk/] The National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. was founded in 1962; It is the only museum in the United States dedicated solely to portraiture. It houses around 21,000 works of art included works by artistic giants of the [[Painting of the Dutch Century|Dutch Century]], as an iconic self-portrait by [[Rembrandt van Rijn]], the quiet light-infused interiors by [[Jan Vermeer]], striking portraits by [[Frans Hals]], Judith Leyster, and Thomas de Keyser. The Education Department uses history and the arts as a vehicle to introduce visitors to significant Americans in the Portrait Gallery's collection. [http://npg.si.edu/inform/overview.html]

The National Portrait Gallery in  London was founded in 1856 to collect portraits of famous British men and women; the Gallery collections include over 195,000 portraits from the 16th Century to the present day. [http://www.npg.org.uk/] The National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. was founded in 1962; It is the only museum in the United States dedicated solely to portraiture. It houses around 21,000 works of art included works by artistic giants of the [[Painting of the Dutch Century|Dutch Century]], as an iconic self-portrait by [[Rembrandt van Rijn]], the quiet light-infused interiors by [[Jan Vermeer]], striking portraits by [[Frans Hals]], Judith Leyster, and Thomas de Keyser. The Education Department uses history and the arts as a vehicle to introduce visitors to significant Americans in the Portrait Gallery's collection. [http://npg.si.edu/inform/overview.html]