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Bayard Rustin
Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was a lifelong socialist, one-time Communist, homosexual activist, and secretary to the Reverend Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]]. He was instrumental in the United States' civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s, and organized the 1964 "March on Washington." Born into a Quaker family, Rustin had a comfortable childhood in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In the 1930s he dropped out of West Chester State College, moving to Harlem, where he sang in local clubs with African American folk artists Huddie Ledbetter and the loyal Stalinist<ref>During the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]], "White ... lent his talents ... to the Almanac Singers' anti-draft album, ''Songs for John Doe'' (May, 1941).... On June 22, 1941, Hitler invaded Soviet Russia, and the Hitler-Stalin pact-inspired anti-militarism of ''Songs for John Doe'' was forgotten." [http://www.culturalequity.org/alanlomax/ce_alanlomax_profile_josh_white.php Josh White], culturalequity.org</ref> Josh White.<ref>[http://www.congressofracialequality.org/bayard-rustin.html Bayard Rustin (1910-1987): Civil Rights Leader & Political Organizer], Congress of Racial Equality</ref>
He studied at the City College of New York, which in the 1930s produced a large number of famous socialists, Trotskyites, fellow-travelers, Stalinists, and even some Soviet agents, including [[Julius Rosenberg]].
{{cquote|CCNY had a well-deserved reputation in the 1930s as the nation's most radical campus. It featured both a Marxist Cultural Society and a very active branch of the Young Communist League. As at other colleges, there were two main political groupings at CCNY, but they weren't Democrats and Republicans. The major political tension on campus was between pro-Stalin Communists and a minority of Trotskyites. No American college came close to matching CCNY's level of activism until the upheavals of the late 1960s.<ref>Steven T. Usdin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QTdWLFXKw_UC Engineering Communism: Engineering Communism: How Two Americans Spied for Stalin and Founded the Soviet Silicon Valley] (Yale University Press, 2008) ISBN 0300127952, p. 10</ref>}}
In 1936, Rustin joined the Young Communist League, the youth wing of the Communist Party USA. “They seemed the only people who had civil-rights at heart,” he later explained. “The Party played a very active role in most civil-rights cases, like the [[Scottsboro case]].”<ref>Thomas R. Brooks, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zsljcCM9k1cC Till Noon]'' (Xlibris Corporation, 2009) ISBN 1477167110, p. 207</ref> Despite his claim that he was attracted to the Communists by their concern for civil rights, Rustin remained a party member throughout Stalin's bloody purges.
Despite his vaunted reputation as a Quaker pacifist, Rustin worked as a youth organizer for the CPUSA throughout the [[Nazi-Soviet]] pact and Hitler and Stalin's ensuing bloody joint invasion and division of Poland, the Baltic states, Finland and the Balkans. He didn't quit the party until 1941, when Nazi Germany, invaded the Soviet Union, causing the party line to reverse, switching from attacking the US as racist to attacking African-American protestors as subverting the war effort.<ref>Jerald Podair, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gBH5GRFw-fkC Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer]'' (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 20080, ISBN 742564800, p. 17</ref> As NAACP leader Roy Wilkins would recount in 1949:
{{cquote|We of the NAACP remember that during the war when Negro Americans were fighting for jobs on the home front and fighting for decent treatment in the armed services we could get no help from the organizations on the extreme Left. They abandoned the fight for Negro rights on the grounds that such a campaign would "interfere with the war effort." As soon as Russia was attacked by Germany they dropped the Negro question and concentrated all effort in support of the war in order to help the Soviet Union. During the war years the disciples of the extreme left sounded very much like the worst of the Negro-hating Southerners.<ref>Gilbert Jonas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=i8-SAgAAQBAJ Freedom's Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle Against Racism in America, 1909-1969]'' (Routledge, 2005) ISBN 1135930880, p. 144</ref>}}
In 1956, Rusin introduced the Reverend Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] to underground Communist [[Stanley Levison]], who would become King's most influential white counselor.<ref>David J. Garrow, "[http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/07/the-fbi-and-martin-luther-king/302537/ The FBI and Martin Luther King]," ''The Atlantic'', July/August 2002</ref> The following year Rustin renewed his relationship with the party, when he attended the CPUSA's 16th National Party Congress by invitation.<ref>John D'Emilio, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1xJ5ONWltYC Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0684827808, p. 251</rev>
==References==
<references/>
Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was a lifelong socialist, one-time Communist, homosexual activist, and secretary to the Reverend Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]]. He was instrumental in the United States' civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s, and organized the 1964 "March on Washington." Born into a Quaker family, Rustin had a comfortable childhood in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In the 1930s he dropped out of West Chester State College, moving to Harlem, where he sang in local clubs with African American folk artists Huddie Ledbetter and the loyal Stalinist<ref>During the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]], "White ... lent his talents ... to the Almanac Singers' anti-draft album, ''Songs for John Doe'' (May, 1941).... On June 22, 1941, Hitler invaded Soviet Russia, and the Hitler-Stalin pact-inspired anti-militarism of ''Songs for John Doe'' was forgotten." [http://www.culturalequity.org/alanlomax/ce_alanlomax_profile_josh_white.php Josh White], culturalequity.org</ref> Josh White.<ref>[http://www.congressofracialequality.org/bayard-rustin.html Bayard Rustin (1910-1987): Civil Rights Leader & Political Organizer], Congress of Racial Equality</ref>
He studied at the City College of New York, which in the 1930s produced a large number of famous socialists, Trotskyites, fellow-travelers, Stalinists, and even some Soviet agents, including [[Julius Rosenberg]].
{{cquote|CCNY had a well-deserved reputation in the 1930s as the nation's most radical campus. It featured both a Marxist Cultural Society and a very active branch of the Young Communist League. As at other colleges, there were two main political groupings at CCNY, but they weren't Democrats and Republicans. The major political tension on campus was between pro-Stalin Communists and a minority of Trotskyites. No American college came close to matching CCNY's level of activism until the upheavals of the late 1960s.<ref>Steven T. Usdin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QTdWLFXKw_UC Engineering Communism: Engineering Communism: How Two Americans Spied for Stalin and Founded the Soviet Silicon Valley] (Yale University Press, 2008) ISBN 0300127952, p. 10</ref>}}
In 1936, Rustin joined the Young Communist League, the youth wing of the Communist Party USA. “They seemed the only people who had civil-rights at heart,” he later explained. “The Party played a very active role in most civil-rights cases, like the [[Scottsboro case]].”<ref>Thomas R. Brooks, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zsljcCM9k1cC Till Noon]'' (Xlibris Corporation, 2009) ISBN 1477167110, p. 207</ref> Despite his claim that he was attracted to the Communists by their concern for civil rights, Rustin remained a party member throughout Stalin's bloody purges.
Despite his vaunted reputation as a Quaker pacifist, Rustin worked as a youth organizer for the CPUSA throughout the [[Nazi-Soviet]] pact and Hitler and Stalin's ensuing bloody joint invasion and division of Poland, the Baltic states, Finland and the Balkans. He didn't quit the party until 1941, when Nazi Germany, invaded the Soviet Union, causing the party line to reverse, switching from attacking the US as racist to attacking African-American protestors as subverting the war effort.<ref>Jerald Podair, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gBH5GRFw-fkC Bayard Rustin: American Dreamer]'' (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 20080, ISBN 742564800, p. 17</ref> As NAACP leader Roy Wilkins would recount in 1949:
{{cquote|We of the NAACP remember that during the war when Negro Americans were fighting for jobs on the home front and fighting for decent treatment in the armed services we could get no help from the organizations on the extreme Left. They abandoned the fight for Negro rights on the grounds that such a campaign would "interfere with the war effort." As soon as Russia was attacked by Germany they dropped the Negro question and concentrated all effort in support of the war in order to help the Soviet Union. During the war years the disciples of the extreme left sounded very much like the worst of the Negro-hating Southerners.<ref>Gilbert Jonas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=i8-SAgAAQBAJ Freedom's Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle Against Racism in America, 1909-1969]'' (Routledge, 2005) ISBN 1135930880, p. 144</ref>}}
In 1956, Rusin introduced the Reverend Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] to underground Communist [[Stanley Levison]], who would become King's most influential white counselor.<ref>David J. Garrow, "[http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/07/the-fbi-and-martin-luther-king/302537/ The FBI and Martin Luther King]," ''The Atlantic'', July/August 2002</ref> The following year Rustin renewed his relationship with the party, when he attended the CPUSA's 16th National Party Congress by invitation.<ref>John D'Emilio, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1xJ5ONWltYC Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0684827808, p. 251</rev>
==References==
<references/>