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Washington aggressively fought off competition, such as the Niagara Movement, formed in 1905 and practically defunct by 1909.  In 1909, Du Bois and other blacks from the Niagara movement joined with a group of white liberals in creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ([[NAACP]]), which proved a more formidable opponent of Washington, since it built a national counter-network of local chapters.  The NAACP demanded a stronger, more public line on [[civil rights]] protests. After being ridiculed as "The Great Accommodator" by DuBois, Washington shot back that confrontation would lead to disaster for the outnumbered blacks, and that cooperation with supportive whites was the only way to overcome pervasive racism in the long run. Although he did some aggressive civil rights work secretively, such as funding court cases,<ref>Meier 1957</ref> he seemed to truly believe in skillful accommodation to many of the social realities of the age of segregation.<ref> Harlan (1983) p. 359 </ref>.  

Washington aggressively fought off competition, such as the Niagara Movement, formed in 1905 and practically defunct by 1909.  In 1909, Du Bois and other blacks from the Niagara movement joined with a group of white liberals in creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ([[NAACP]]), which proved a more formidable opponent of Washington, since it built a national counter-network of local chapters.  The NAACP demanded a stronger, more public line on [[civil rights]] protests. After being ridiculed as "The Great Accommodator" by DuBois, Washington shot back that confrontation would lead to disaster for the outnumbered blacks, and that cooperation with supportive whites was the only way to overcome pervasive racism in the long run. Although he did some aggressive civil rights work secretively, such as funding court cases,<ref>Meier 1957</ref> he seemed to truly believe in skillful accommodation to many of the social realities of the age of segregation.<ref> Harlan (1983) p. 359 </ref>.  

==Death==

==Death==

Washington's health deteriorated after 1910; he collapsed on a trip to New York and was brought home to Tuskegee, where he died at the age of 59.  The cause of death was unclear, probably from nervous exhaustion and arteriosclerosis.<ref>The question of syphilis is discussed in Harlan 2:451-55 </ref> He was buried on the campus of Tuskegee University near the University Chapel.  

Washington's health deteriorated after 1910; he collapsed on a trip to New York and was brought home to Tuskegee, where he died at the age of 59.  The cause of death was unclear, probably from nervous exhaustion and [[arteriosclerosis]].<ref>The question of syphilis is discussed in Harlan 2:451-55 </ref> He was buried on the campus of Tuskegee University near the University Chapel.  

At his death Tuskegee's endowment exceeded $1.5 million, by far the largest for any black school. He was succeeded as president by Robert Russa Moton. He was memorialized in the names of many segregated public schools for blacks.

At his death Tuskegee's endowment exceeded $1.5 million, by far the largest for any black school. He was succeeded as president by Robert Russa Moton. He was memorialized in the names of many segregated public schools for blacks.

==See also==

==See also==

* [[Black history]]

* [[Black history]]