Changes

At the end, 3000 Seminoles went to Oklahoma, but a thousand or so held out against the Army in the Everglades for years during the smaller-scale '''Third Seminole War'''.  

At the end, 3000 Seminoles went to Oklahoma, but a thousand or so held out against the Army in the Everglades for years during the smaller-scale '''Third Seminole War'''.  

John Cavallo (b. 1812?), son of a Seminole chief and an African mother, was a Seminole, 1835-42.  Cavallo's charismatic leadership led to his reputation among white leaders as a primary source of Indian and black resistance. After his surrender, Cavallo, also known as Gopher John and later as John Horse, served the U.S. Army as an interpreter during efforts to gather over five hundred Indians for exile. John Horse later drew from his experiences with the army in Florida to help establish the African-American US Cavalry regiments known as the "Buffalo Soldiers". They were used in western outposts to keep Indians on reservations.<ref> Larry E. Rivers, and Canter Brown, Jr.,  "'The Indispensable Man': John Horse and Florida's Second Seminole War." ''Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians'' 1997 18: 1-23 </ref>

John Cavallo (b. 1812?), son of a Seminole chief and an African mother, was a Seminole, 1835-42.  Cavallo's charismatic leadership led to his reputation among white leaders as a primary source of Indian and black resistance. After his surrender, Cavallo, also known as Gopher John and later as John Horse, served the U.S. Army as an interpreter during efforts to gather over five hundred Indians for exile. John Horse later drew from his experiences with the army in Florida to help establish the African-American US Cavalry regiments known as the "Buffalo Soldiers". They were used in western outposts to keep Indians on reservations.<ref>Larry E. Rivers, and Canter Brown, Jr.,  "'The Indispensable Man': John Horse and Florida's Second Seminole War." ''Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians'' 1997 18: 1-23</ref>

Today there are about 3,000 Seminoles in Oklahoma, mostly living as farmers. There are 700 or so Seminoles in Florida.

Today there are about 3,000 Seminoles in Oklahoma, mostly living as farmers. There are 700 or so Seminoles in Florida.

* Knetsch, Joe. ''Florida's Seminole Wars: 1817-1858'' (2003) 160pp [http://www.amazon.com/Floridas-Seminole-Wars1817-1858-Making-America/dp/0738524247/ref=pd_sim_b_3 excerpt and text search]

* Knetsch, Joe. ''Florida's Seminole Wars: 1817-1858'' (2003) 160pp [http://www.amazon.com/Floridas-Seminole-Wars1817-1858-Making-America/dp/0738524247/ref=pd_sim_b_3 excerpt and text search]

* Mahon, John K. ''History of the Second Seminole War, 1835-1842'' (1990) [http://www.amazon.com/History-Second-Seminole-War-1835-1842/dp/0813010977/ref=pd_sim_b_3 excerpt and text search]

* Mahon, John K. ''History of the Second Seminole War, 1835-1842'' (1990) [http://www.amazon.com/History-Second-Seminole-War-1835-1842/dp/0813010977/ref=pd_sim_b_3 excerpt and text search]

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[[category:Indian Wars]]

[[Category:Indian Wars]]

[[Category: Native Americans]]

[[Category:Native Americans]]

[[Category: Florida]]

[[Category:Florida]]

[[Category: Oklahoma]]

[[Category:Oklahoma]]