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'''American painting''' encompasses a wide variety of [[Painting|paintings]], including [[portraits]], [[landscape|landscapes]] and [[Famous Still Life Paintings|still life]], created in America since its colonization.  

'''American painting''' encompasses a wide variety of [[painting]]s, including [[portraits]], [[landscape]]s and [[Famous Still Life Paintings|still life]], created in America since its colonization.  

[[Image:Stuart George Washington portrait.jpg|thumb|[[George Washington]] (Lansdowne portrait) by [[Gilbert Stuart]], 1796.]]

[[Image:Stuart George Washington portrait.jpg|thumb|[[George Washington]] (Lansdowne portrait) by [[Gilbert Stuart]], 1796.]]

{{cquote|Most Americans have fixed their eyes so exclusively on [[European]] painting that they are unaware of their own; they do not realize that we are the inheritors of a tradition of which we may well be proud. Flourishing on these shores for almost three centuries, our painters have expressed with brilliance the life and the dreams of the thirteen Colonies and the expanding United States. They may face the future with confidence based on strength. <ref> [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14072981 Foreword] Pocket History of American Painting by James Thomas Flexner. </ref>}}

{{cquote|Most Americans have fixed their eyes so exclusively on [[European]] painting that they are unaware of their own; they do not realize that we are the inheritors of a tradition of which we may well be proud. Flourishing on these shores for almost three centuries, our painters have expressed with brilliance the life and the dreams of the thirteen Colonies and the expanding United States. They may face the future with confidence based on strength.<ref>[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14072981 Foreword] Pocket History of American Painting by James Thomas Flexner.</ref>}}

 

 

 

== Colonial Period and The Eighteenth-Nineteenth Century==

== Colonial Period and The Eighteenth-Nineteenth Century==

[[Image:Brown William Vans Murray.jpg|thumb|William Vans Murray by Mather Brown, 1787.]]

[[Image:Brown William Vans Murray.jpg|thumb|William Vans Murray by Mather Brown, 1787.]]

Painting in American colonial period consisted mainly of [[portraits|portraits]]. John Smibert, America's first well-trained artist, landed at Newport in 1729. Robert Feke painted the beauty of the aristocratic yearnings of Colonial society. [[Benjamin West]] (1738 - 1820) was a [[Neoclassical]] [[painter]]; West emerged as Europe's foremost history painter, dropping the allegorical trappings from classical antiquity that had been the norm and basing his work on historical research. <ref> [http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/amer.shtm AMERICAN PAINTING.] </ref> Benjamin West had an important leadership and influence on later artists; he had a long list of American students that later became famous painters.

Painting in American colonial period consisted mainly of [[portraits]]. John Smibert, America's first well-trained artist, landed at Newport in 1729. Robert Feke painted the beauty of the aristocratic yearnings of Colonial society. [[Benjamin West]] (1738 - 1820) was a [[Neoclassical]] [[painter]]; West emerged as Europe's foremost history painter, dropping the allegorical trappings from classical antiquity that had been the norm and basing his work on historical research.<ref>[http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/amer.shtm AMERICAN PAINTING.]</ref> Benjamin West had an important leadership and influence on later artists; he had a long list of American students that later became famous painters.

[[Charles Willson Peale]] was the patriarch of the [[The Peale Family]], the First Family of American art; portrait painter, Charles Willson Peale exerted a major influence on American painting through his own work and that of his sons, brothers and nieces; [[Rembrandt Peale]], his son, was also a remarkable painter; they contributed in a large way to the growth of American artistic interests and institutions.  

[[Charles Willson Peale]] was the patriarch of the [[The Peale Family]], the First Family of American art; portrait painter, Charles Willson Peale exerted a major influence on American painting through his own work and that of his sons, brothers and nieces; [[Rembrandt Peale]], his son, was also a remarkable painter; they contributed in a large way to the growth of American artistic interests and institutions.  

== The Nineteenth Century ==

== The Nineteenth Century ==

[[File:George Peter Alexander Healy, The Peacemakers, ca. 1868.jpg|thumb|left|George Peter Alexander Healy, The Peacemakers, ca. 1868.]]

[[File:George Peter Alexander Healy, The Peacemakers, ca. 1868.jpg|thumb|left|George Peter Alexander Healy, The Peacemakers, ca. 1868.]]

Portraiture was also important but [[landscape|landscapes]] and folk customs began to express in this period. The first painting school of American art was the Hudson River of landscape painters ([[The Hudson River School]] style involved carefully detailed paintings with romantic, almost glowing lighting); [[Asher Brown Durand]] (1796-1886) and  [[Thomas Cole]] (1801-1848) were prominent artists of this School. [[Frederic Edwin Church]] (1826 – 1900) was also a landscape painter. He was a central figure in this Hudson River School. [[Albert Bierstadt]] was also part of the Hudson River School (not an institution but rather an informal group of like-minded painters). [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811-1879), artist of Missouri and the American Frontier, is best known for his genre scenes. His artworks include portrait, [[Genre Painting Gallery|genre]], landscape, and [[Historical Painting|history painting]] but [[Portraiture]] was by far George’s most prolific artistic genre. His paintings rank among the nation’s greatest art treasures. <ref> [http://www.georgecalebbingham.org/bio.htm George Caleb Bingham.] </ref> [[William Morris Hunt]] (1824 – 1879) a [[Barbizon School]]/Tonalist painter trained with [[Jean-François Millet]] started the American Barbizon School in Boston.

Portraiture was also important but [[landscape]]s and folk customs began to express in this period. The first painting school of American art was the Hudson River of landscape painters ([[The Hudson River School]] style involved carefully detailed paintings with romantic, almost glowing lighting); [[Asher Brown Durand]] (1796-1886) and  [[Thomas Cole]] (1801-1848) were prominent artists of this School. [[Frederic Edwin Church]] (1826 – 1900) was also a landscape painter. He was a central figure in this Hudson River School. [[Albert Bierstadt]] was also part of the Hudson River School (not an institution but rather an informal group of like-minded painters). [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811-1879), artist of Missouri and the American Frontier, is best known for his genre scenes. His artworks include portrait, [[Genre Painting Gallery|genre]], landscape, and [[Historical Painting|history painting]] but [[Portraiture]] was by far George’s most prolific artistic genre. His paintings rank among the nation’s greatest art treasures.<ref>[http://www.georgecalebbingham.org/bio.htm George Caleb Bingham.]</ref> [[William Morris Hunt]] (1824 – 1879) a [[Barbizon School]]/Tonalist painter trained with [[Jean-François Millet]] started the American Barbizon School in Boston.

[[Image:Cole Ruined Tower.jpg|thumb|Ruined Tower by Thomas Cole, ca. 1832-36]]  

[[Image:Cole Ruined Tower.jpg|thumb|Ruined Tower by Thomas Cole, ca. 1832-36]]  

{{cquote|By the 1830s, landscape painting had become the vehicle for depicting a national identity. Throughout the rest of the century, the depiction of the American land took a variety of forms - as mysterious and sublime wilderness, a new territory requiring scientific documentation, the pioneers' territorial and natural destiny, or as the individual's private retreat. <ref> [http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa545.htm Masterpieces of American Art] </ref>}}

 

 

 

{{cquote|By the 1830s, landscape painting had become the vehicle for depicting a national identity. Throughout the rest of the century, the depiction of the American land took a variety of forms - as mysterious and sublime wilderness, a new territory requiring scientific documentation, the pioneers' territorial and natural destiny, or as the individual's private retreat.<ref>[http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa545.htm Masterpieces of American Art]</ref>}}

[[File:The Ten American Painters 1908.jpg|thumb|center|400px|''The Ten'' American Painters (1908): (back row l to r): William Merritt Chase, Frank W. Benson, Edmund Tarbell, Thomas W. Dewing, Joseph DeCamp, (front row l to r): Edward Simmons, Willard Metcalf, Childe Hassam, Julian Alden Weir, Robert Reid. NPS.]]

[[File:The Ten American Painters 1908.jpg|thumb|center|400px|''The Ten'' American Painters (1908): (back row l to r): William Merritt Chase, Frank W. Benson, Edmund Tarbell, Thomas W. Dewing, Joseph DeCamp, (front row l to r): Edward Simmons, Willard Metcalf, Childe Hassam, Julian Alden Weir, Robert Reid. NPS.]]

 

 

 

<gallery perrow="5">

<gallery perrow="5">

File:Cole Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans.jpg|Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans by Thomas Cole, 1827.

File:Cole Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans.jpg|Landscape Scene from the Last of the Mohicans by Thomas Cole, 1827.

{{cquote|

{{cquote|

Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein were exploring alternatives to [[Abstract Expressionism|abstract expressionism]] with subjects drawn from popular culture and a style informed by mass mechanical reproduction. <ref>[http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/20cent.htm MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PAINTING AND SCULPTURE] </ref>

Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein were exploring alternatives to [[Abstract Expressionism|abstract expressionism]] with subjects drawn from popular culture and a style informed by mass mechanical reproduction.<ref>[http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/20cent.htm MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PAINTING AND SCULPTURE]</ref>

}}

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[[File:Grace Hartigan Male Image 1966.jpg|thumb|Male Image by Grace Hartigan, 1966.]]

[[File:Grace Hartigan Male Image 1966.jpg|thumb|Male Image by Grace Hartigan, 1966.]]