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| | ==Muscular== | | ==Muscular== |
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| − | Consists of over 600 named muscles<ref>Stoppard, 1988.</ref>. [[Muscle]]s are classified into three types: smooth or involuntary, striated or voluntary, and cardiac. | + | Consists of over 600 named muscles.<ref>Stoppard, 1988.</ref> [[Muscle]]s are classified into three types: smooth or involuntary, striated or voluntary, and cardiac. |
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| | *''Smooth muscle'' is found in the linings of arteries, in the lining of the digestive system, and in various organs. Smooth muscle is also called "involuntary" muscle. | | *''Smooth muscle'' is found in the linings of arteries, in the lining of the digestive system, and in various organs. Smooth muscle is also called "involuntary" muscle. |
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| | ==Digestive and Excretory== | | ==Digestive and Excretory== |
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| − | *[[Mouth]]--digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down | + | *[[Mouth]]—digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down |
| − | *[[Esophagus]]--carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach | + | *[[Esophagus]]—carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach |
| − | *[[Stomach]]--digests food | + | *[[Stomach]]—digests food |
| − | *[[Small intestine]]--allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]] | + | *[[Small intestine]]—allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]] |
| − | *[[Cecum]] or caecum--absorbs more fluid into the system | + | *[[Cecum]] or caecum—absorbs more fluid into the system |
| − | *[[Colon]] or large intestine--concentrates waste for elimination | + | *[[Colon]] or large intestine—concentrates waste for elimination |
| − | *[[Rectum]]--expels waste from the body | + | *[[Rectum]]—expels waste from the body |
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| | ==Endocrine== | | ==Endocrine== |
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| | *'''Female reproductive organs''' | | *'''Female reproductive organs''' |
| − | *[[Uterus]]--Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]] | + | *[[Uterus]]—Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]] |
| − | *[[Ovaries]]--Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male. | + | *[[Ovaries]]—Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male. |
| − | *[[Fallopian tube]]s--Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]]. | + | *[[Fallopian tube]]s—Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]]. |
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| | *'''Male reproductive organs''' | | *'''Male reproductive organs''' |
| − | *[[Testicle]]s--Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female. | + | *[[Testicle]]s—Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female. |
| − | *[[Prostate]]--Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder. | + | *[[Prostate]]—Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder. |
| − | *[[Bulbourethral gland]]--An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system. | + | *[[Bulbourethral gland]]—An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system. |
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| | Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ. | | Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ. |
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| | ==Urinary== | | ==Urinary== |
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| − | *[[Kidney]]s--filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process | + | *[[Kidney]]s—filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process |
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| − | *[[Ureter]]s--carry off urine, draining the kidneys | + | *[[Ureter]]s—carry off urine, draining the kidneys |
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| − | *[[Bladder]]--contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]]) | + | *[[Bladder]]—contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]]) |
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| − | *[[Urethra]]--passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination | + | *[[Urethra]]—passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination |
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |