Changes

   

   

==History==

==History==

In the early 20th century, the [[Progressive Movement]], especially in western states,  sought more direct democracy by promoting the recall, along with the initiative (the people petition to put a new law on the ballot), referendum (people vote on major laws proposed by the lefislature), direct election of senators (election was by the state legislature), and woman suffrage. When the territory of Arizona in 1911 submitted its new constitution to Washington in order to become a state, conservative President [[William Howard Taft]] insisted on removing the recall provision because it would allow recall of state judges. The recall was removed, Taft signed the statehood bill on February 14, 1912, and state residents promptly put the provision back in.<ref> Cindy Hayostek, "Douglas Delegates to the 1910 Constitutional Convention and Arizona's Progressive Heritage," ''Journal of Arizona History'' 2006 47(4): 347-366</ref>  

In the early 20th century, the [[Progressive Movement]], especially in western states,  sought more direct democracy by promoting the recall, along with the initiative (the people petition to put a new law on the ballot), referendum (people vote on major laws proposed by the lefislature), direct election of senators (election was by the state legislature), and woman suffrage. When the territory of Arizona in 1911 submitted its new constitution to Washington in order to become a state, conservative President [[William Howard Taft]] insisted on removing the recall provision because it would allow recall of state judges. The recall was removed, Taft signed the statehood bill on February 14, 1912, and state residents promptly put the provision back in.<ref>Cindy Hayostek, "Douglas Delegates to the 1910 Constitutional Convention and Arizona's Progressive Heritage," ''Journal of Arizona History'' 2006 47(4): 347-366</ref>  

===California===

===California===

A recall has been part of the California Constitution since 1911.<ref>http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_2</ref>

A recall has been part of the California Constitution since 1911.<ref>http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_2</ref>

In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a recall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref> Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>

In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a recall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref>Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>

Governor Gray Davis was the first California governor to be recalled by voters, in 2003, and only the second governor in United States history to be removed by the voters from office.

Governor Gray Davis was the first California governor to be recalled by voters, in 2003, and only the second governor in United States history to be removed by the voters from office.

===Oklahoma===

===Oklahoma===

Recall has the same effect as impeachment. Disgruntled Oklahoma farmers and laborers handed left-wing radical Jack Walton an easy election victory in 1922 as governor. One scandal followed another&mdash;Walton's questionable administrative practices included payroll padding, jailhouse pardons, removal of college administrators, and an enormous increase in the governor's salary. The conservative elements successfully petitioned for a special legislative recall session. To regain the initiative, Walton retaliated by attacking Oklahoma's [[Ku Klux Klan]] with a ban on parades, declaration of martial law, and employment of outsiders to 'keep the peace.'  He tried to call out the National Guard to block the legislature from holding the special session. That failed, and legislators charged Walton with corruption, impeached him, and removed him from office in 1923.<ref>Brad L. Duren, "'Klanspiracy' or Despotism? The Rise and Fall of Governor Jack Walton, Featuring W. D. McBee," ''Chronicles of Oklahoma'' 2002-03 80(4): 468-485, </ref>

Recall has the same effect as impeachment. Disgruntled Oklahoma farmers and laborers handed left-wing radical Jack Walton an easy election victory in 1922 as governor. One scandal followed another&mdash;Walton's questionable administrative practices included payroll padding, jailhouse pardons, removal of college administrators, and an enormous increase in the governor's salary. The conservative elements successfully petitioned for a special legislative recall session. To regain the initiative, Walton retaliated by attacking Oklahoma's [[Ku Klux Klan]] with a ban on parades, declaration of martial law, and employment of outsiders to 'keep the peace.'  He tried to call out the National Guard to block the legislature from holding the special session. That failed, and legislators charged Walton with corruption, impeached him, and removed him from office in 1923.<ref>Brad L. Duren, "'Klanspiracy' or Despotism? The Rise and Fall of Governor Jack Walton, Featuring W. D. McBee," ''Chronicles of Oklahoma'' 2002-03 80(4): 468-485,</ref>

===Illinois===

===Illinois===

In October 2010, reactions to the corruption of the previous governor resulted in a proposed recall law:

In October 2010, reactions to the corruption of the previous governor resulted in a proposed recall law:

* The proposed law would require that at least 20 state representatives and 10 state senators divided equally between both political parties sign a notice of intent to recall the governor before a petition could be circulated. Then, 60 percent of the electorate would have to approve the recall. <ref name=dailycaller>Knight R, "[http://dailycaller.com/2010/10/25/aclu-calls-illinois-recall-proposal-what-else-unconstitutional/ ACLU Calls Illinois Recall Proposal&mdash;What Else?&mdash;Unconstitutional]," ''The Daily Caller'', 25 October 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2010.</ref>

* The proposed law would require that at least 20 state representatives and 10 state senators divided equally between both political parties sign a notice of intent to recall the governor before a petition could be circulated. Then, 60 percent of the electorate would have to approve the recall.<ref name=dailycaller>Knight R, "[http://dailycaller.com/2010/10/25/aclu-calls-illinois-recall-proposal-what-else-unconstitutional/ ACLU Calls Illinois Recall Proposal&mdash;What Else?&mdash;Unconstitutional]," ''The Daily Caller'', 25 October 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2010.</ref>

===New Jersey===

===New Jersey===

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==External Links==

==External links==

* [http://recallcongressnow.org/about.php About Recall Congress Now] ( a project of [[American Civil Rights Union]])

* [http://recallcongressnow.org/about.php About Recall Congress Now] ( a project of [[American Civil Rights Union]])