Changes

==Theology==

==Theology==

===Bible===

===Bible===

Replacing the witness of the Holy Spirit by a doctrine of Scripture, the Princeton Theology as expounded by Hodge maintained that Biblical inspiration extended to words, although the text was not dictated, that the Bible taught its own inerrancy, and, in answer to rising Biblical criticism, that only the text was inerrant. Sandeen (1962() concludes that although the Princetonians insisted that their position was not new, they deviated from the principles they sought to defend and formulated not a theology so much as an apologetic.<ref>Ernest R. Sandeen, "The Princeton Theology: One Source of Biblical Literalism in American Protestantism". ''Church History'' 1962 31(3): 307-321. 0009-6407</ref>  

Replacing the witness of the Holy Spirit by a doctrine of Scripture, the Princeton Theology as expounded by Hodge maintained that Biblical inspiration extended to words, although the text was not dictated, that the Bible taught its own inerrancy, and, in answer to rising Biblical criticism, that only the text was inerrant. Sandeen (1962) concludes that although the Princetonians insisted that their position was not new, they deviated from the principles they sought to defend and formulated not a theology so much as an apologetic.<ref>Ernest R. Sandeen, "The Princeton Theology: One Source of Biblical Literalism in American Protestantism". ''Church History'' 1962 31(3): 307-321. 0009-6407</ref>  

===Common Sense Realism===

===Common Sense Realism===

Historians agree that Alexander and Hodge were strongly influenced by [[Common Sense Realism]], a Scottish philosophy, and some have argued that have argued that they departed from Reformed Presbyterian orthodoxy by accommodating the prevalent "orthodox rationalism" of the period. Helseth (1999), however, says both theologians worked within a traditional Reformed view of the moral unity of the soul, which insists that mind, will, and emotion are determined by the moral character of a unified acting agent rather than the rational faculty alone. From this moral perspective, the emphasis on objectivity in Old Princeton apologetic need not be understood as an overly intellectualized faith but one whose concept of "right reason" leaves room for Reformed orthodoxy's theological and subjective concerns.<ref>Paul Kjoss Helseth,  "'Right Reason' and the Princeton Mind: The Moral Context." ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 1999 77(1): 13-28. 0022-3883</ref>  

Historians agree that Alexander and Hodge were strongly influenced by [[Common Sense Realism]], a Scottish philosophy, and some have argued that have argued that they departed from Reformed Presbyterian orthodoxy by accommodating the prevalent "orthodox rationalism" of the period. Helseth (1999), however, says both theologians worked within a traditional Reformed view of the moral unity of the soul, which insists that mind, will, and emotion are determined by the moral character of a unified acting agent rather than the rational faculty alone. From this moral perspective, the emphasis on objectivity in Old Princeton apologetic need not be understood as an overly intellectualized faith but one whose concept of "right reason" leaves room for Reformed orthodoxy's theological and subjective concerns.<ref>Paul Kjoss Helseth,  "'Right Reason' and the Princeton Mind: The Moral Context." ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 1999 77(1): 13-28. 0022-3883</ref>