Changes

: ''Her lower tyre [tier] hath thirty ports which are to be furnished with demicannon and whole cannon; her middle tyre hath also thirty ports for demiculverin and whole culverin; her third tyre hath twentie six ports for other ordnance; her forecastle hath twelve ports, and her half deck hath fourteen ports; she hath thirteen or fourteene ports more within board for murdering pieces, besides a great many loope-holes out of the cabins for musket shot. Shee carrieth moreover, ten pieces of chase ordnance in her right forward, and ten right aft, according to lande service in the front and reare.''

: ''Her lower tyre [tier] hath thirty ports which are to be furnished with demicannon and whole cannon; her middle tyre hath also thirty ports for demiculverin and whole culverin; her third tyre hath twentie six ports for other ordnance; her forecastle hath twelve ports, and her half deck hath fourteen ports; she hath thirteen or fourteene ports more within board for murdering pieces, besides a great many loope-holes out of the cabins for musket shot. Shee carrieth moreover, ten pieces of chase ordnance in her right forward, and ten right aft, according to lande service in the front and reare.''

The 19th-century warship was superficially similar to its 17th-century counterpart. [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], the leading naval historian of the 1890s, greatly exaggerated the prowess of 17th century ships, endowing them with firepower, seakeeping capability, and cruising endurance of ships built in 1800. However much more is now known; for example the guns of the ''Santíssimo Sacramento,'' a Portuguese galleon that sank in 1668 have been recovered and analyzed by naval archaeologists.<ref>John F. Guilmartin, Jr. "The Guns of the ''Santíssimo Sacramento,"'' ''Technology and Culture,'' Vol. 24, No. 4 (Oct., 1983), pp. 559-601 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-165X%28198310%2924%3A4%3C559%3ATGOTSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N in JSTOR]</ref>  Mahan assumed they were equally capable of operating for extended periods at some distance from their home ports, but they were not, and thus the opportunities for a decisive fleet battle like Trfalgar were much less.   

The 19th century warship was superficially similar to its 17th century counterpart. [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], the leading naval historian of the 1890s, greatly exaggerated the prowess of 17th century ships, endowing them with firepower, seakeeping capability, and cruising endurance of ships built in 1800. However much more is now known; for example the guns of the ''Santíssimo Sacramento,'' a Portuguese galleon that sank in 1668 have been recovered and analyzed by naval archaeologists.<ref>John F. Guilmartin, Jr. "The Guns of the ''Santíssimo Sacramento,"'' ''Technology and Culture,'' Vol. 24, No. 4 (Oct., 1983), pp. 559-601 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-165X%28198310%2924%3A4%3C559%3ATGOTSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N in JSTOR]</ref>  Mahan assumed they were equally capable of operating for extended periods at some distance from their home ports, but they were not, and thus the opportunities for a decisive fleet battle like Trfalgar were much less.   

The first of 12 Spanish three-deck ships-of-the-line was the ''Real Felipe'' (1732–50), which displaced 1,965 tons, carried a crew of 1,250, and mounted 114 guns. Its most significant action occurred with the French against the English in the Battle of Toulon in February 1744.   

The first of 12 Spanish three-deck ships-of-the-line was the ''Real Felipe'' (1732–50), which displaced 1,965 tons, carried a crew of 1,250, and mounted 114 guns. Its most significant action occurred with the French against the English in the Battle of Toulon in February 1744.