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Peter (and Paul) did firmly establish and confirm a church founded in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

Peter (and Paul) did firmly establish and confirm a church founded in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref><ref>Paul was not the original founder of the church in Rome. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans1:8-15&version=KJV Romans 1:8-15].</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then a claim to universal primacy "based on history, reason and scripture"<ref>[[Vatican I|First Vatican Council of 1870]]</ref> was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref><ref>Paul was not the original founder of the church in Rome. See [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans1:8-15&version=KJV Romans 1:8-15].</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then a claim to universal primacy "based on history, reason and scripture"<ref>[[First Vatican Council]] of 1870</ref> was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

===Early history to 350===

===Early history to 350===