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| − | The '''Book of Exodus''' [Hebrew:'''שמות'''] chronicles the bondage, oppression and [[slavery]] of the Jewish people in [[Egypt]] after [[Joseph]] dies and a new pharaoh comes to power whom did not know Joseph before. [[Moses]], whom God uses to guide the Jewish peoples out of Israel, enters Egypt to warn pharaoh to let his people go, but pharaoh refuses. Moses therefore, with God's power, releases 10 plagues over the Egyptians, and after the death of his son, pharaoh finally allows the Jewish people to leave Egypt under Moses. As Moses and his people are leaving, pharaoh changes his mind and commands that the Jewish people be pursued with the army of Egypt, however God opens up the [[Red Sea]] for Moses, allowing the Jewish people to flee, and pharaohs army is destroyed in the Red Sea after the Jewish people escape from it. Moses then delivers God's laws to the Jewish people, including the [[Ten Commandments]], as well as giving them the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions.
| + | '''Exodus''' [Hebrew:'''שמות'''] means ''a going out; a departure or emigration, usually of a large number of people.''<ref>"Exodus." ''Dictionary.com''</ref> The Book of Exodus chronicles the bondage, oppression and [[slavery]] of the Jewish people in [[Egypt]] after [[Joseph]] dies and a new pharaoh comes to power whom did not know Joseph before. [[Moses]], whom God uses to guide the Jewish peoples out of Israel, enters Egypt to warn pharaoh to let his people go, but pharaoh refuses. Moses therefore, with God's power, releases 10 plagues over the Egyptians, and after the death of his son, pharaoh finally allows the Jewish people to leave Egypt under Moses. As Moses and his people are leaving, pharaoh changes his mind and commands that the Jewish people be pursued with the army of Egypt, however God opens up the [[Red Sea]] for Moses, allowing the Jewish people to flee, and pharaohs army is destroyed in the Red Sea after the Jewish people escape from it. Moses then delivers God's laws to the Jewish people, including the [[Ten Commandments]], as well as giving them the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions. |
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| | The Book of Exodus is part of the [[Torah]] (otherwise known as the [[Pentateuch]]) and is the second book of the [[Bible]] in the [[Old Testament]]. As part of the first five books of the Bible, it is traditionally attributed authorship to [[Moses]]. | | The Book of Exodus is part of the [[Torah]] (otherwise known as the [[Pentateuch]]) and is the second book of the [[Bible]] in the [[Old Testament]]. As part of the first five books of the Bible, it is traditionally attributed authorship to [[Moses]]. |
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| | The Book of Exodus contains a total of forty chapters. There is no agreement regarding how the Book of Exodus should be split into its different narratives, although the following can be considered: Exodus 1-7:6 (The bondage of Israelite's in Egypt and God guiding Moses on his path to free the slaves), Exodus 7:7-12:36 (Ten Plagues and pharaoh allowing Israelite's to leave Egypt), Exodus 12:37-14:30 (Israelite's flee Egypt and escape pharah's army at the red sea), Exodus 15:1-21 (Songs), Exodus 15:22-19:25 (Israelite's live and eat in the wilderness), Exodus 20:1-17 (God delivers the Ten Commandments), Exodus 20:18-24:8 (Israel receives and affirms the covenant), Exodus 24:9-18 (Moses talks with God on Mount Sinai), Exodus 25-40 (Israel receives the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions). | | The Book of Exodus contains a total of forty chapters. There is no agreement regarding how the Book of Exodus should be split into its different narratives, although the following can be considered: Exodus 1-7:6 (The bondage of Israelite's in Egypt and God guiding Moses on his path to free the slaves), Exodus 7:7-12:36 (Ten Plagues and pharaoh allowing Israelite's to leave Egypt), Exodus 12:37-14:30 (Israelite's flee Egypt and escape pharah's army at the red sea), Exodus 15:1-21 (Songs), Exodus 15:22-19:25 (Israelite's live and eat in the wilderness), Exodus 20:1-17 (God delivers the Ten Commandments), Exodus 20:18-24:8 (Israel receives and affirms the covenant), Exodus 24:9-18 (Moses talks with God on Mount Sinai), Exodus 25-40 (Israel receives the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions). |
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| − | == Name ==
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| − | Exodus means ''a going out; a departure or emigration, usually of a large number of people.''<ref>"Exodus." ''Dictionary.com''</ref> The exodus is when Moses leads the Israelite's out of Egypt, hence inheriting the name of being an exodus.
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| | == Authorship == | | == Authorship == |
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| | [[Moses]] is attributed as the author of the [[Torah]] in the Book of Exodus itself in Exodus 17:14, 24:4, 34:27-28, as well as in throughout the rest of the [[Torah]] in Numbers 32:2; Deuteronomy 1:1, 31:9, 31:22. D.K. Stuart, a well respected Old Testament scholar and author of a major commentary on the Book of Exodus states "These references to Mosaic authorship are substantial."<ref>Stuart, Douglas K. Exodus. Vol. 2. B&H Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 32-33</ref> The rest of the Old Testament also attests to Mosaic authorship over the Torah in Joshua 1:7, 8:32, 12:5; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6, 23:25; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11, 9:13; Ezra 3:2, 7:6; Nehemiah 8:1, 9:14; 2 Chronicles 23:18, 25:4, 30:16, 35:12, as well as the [[New Testament]] in Luke 2:22, 24:44; John 7:19; Acts 13:39, 15:5, 28:23; 1 Corinthians 9:9. Later Jewish historians, such as [[Josephus]] living in the first century AD further attribute Mosaic authorship to the Torah.<ref>Josephus, Flavius. The Works of Flavius Josephus. G. Routledge, 1873, p. 27</ref> The biblical references to the authorship of Moses over the Torah, both within and outside of the Torah are rather plenteous and more then enough to establish Moses as the historical author of these books. | | [[Moses]] is attributed as the author of the [[Torah]] in the Book of Exodus itself in Exodus 17:14, 24:4, 34:27-28, as well as in throughout the rest of the [[Torah]] in Numbers 32:2; Deuteronomy 1:1, 31:9, 31:22. D.K. Stuart, a well respected Old Testament scholar and author of a major commentary on the Book of Exodus states "These references to Mosaic authorship are substantial."<ref>Stuart, Douglas K. Exodus. Vol. 2. B&H Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 32-33</ref> The rest of the Old Testament also attests to Mosaic authorship over the Torah in Joshua 1:7, 8:32, 12:5; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6, 23:25; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11, 9:13; Ezra 3:2, 7:6; Nehemiah 8:1, 9:14; 2 Chronicles 23:18, 25:4, 30:16, 35:12, as well as the [[New Testament]] in Luke 2:22, 24:44; John 7:19; Acts 13:39, 15:5, 28:23; 1 Corinthians 9:9. Later Jewish historians, such as [[Josephus]] living in the first century AD further attribute Mosaic authorship to the Torah.<ref>Josephus, Flavius. The Works of Flavius Josephus. G. Routledge, 1873, p. 27</ref> The biblical references to the authorship of Moses over the Torah, both within and outside of the Torah are rather plenteous and more then enough to establish Moses as the historical author of these books. |
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| − | == Events == | + | == Main Events == |
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| | The Book of Exodus contains many largely important events, including the [[Exodus of Israel]] out of Egypt, and where God delivers the [[Ten Commandments]]. Many of these important messages are reiterated throughout the rest of the [[Old Testament]] as well as the [[New Testament]], even by [[Jesus Christ]] Himself. | | The Book of Exodus contains many largely important events, including the [[Exodus of Israel]] out of Egypt, and where God delivers the [[Ten Commandments]]. Many of these important messages are reiterated throughout the rest of the [[Old Testament]] as well as the [[New Testament]], even by [[Jesus Christ]] Himself. |
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| | + | === God's Name === |
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| | + | In Exodus 3, Moses is shepherding his flocks when God appears to him in a burning bush. Moses at first does not know why a bush is in flames, and why it is not burning up but continuing to flame, and then God says "Moses, Moses!", causing Moses to understand the situation that he is speaking to God. God tells Moses to take off his sandals, for he is standing on holy ground, and Moses follows God's command. God then says to Moses "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." God continues to tell Moses that He has seen His people being afflicted by the Egyptians, and that He will bring Moses to bring His people out of Egypt. Moses is afraid, and asks God how he can do such a thing, as he considers himself insignificant. God reassures Moses that he can bring the Israelite's out of Egypt by ensuring him that He will be with him. Moses then asks God, if the Israelite's ask for His name, what name will he give to them? God then responds in Exodus 3:14, a passage that some consider to be the most important verse in the entire Book of Exodus. God says "I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you." God reveals His name as "I AM", originating from the Hebrew word ''hayah'' (הָיָה). Charles Elicott says regarding this divine name, "...it is rather a deep and mysterious statement of His nature. 'I am that which I am.' My nature, i.e., cannot be declared in words, cannot be conceived of by human thought. I exist in such sort that my whole inscrutable nature is implied in my existence..."<ref>Elicott, Charles. Ellicott's Bible Commentary, Volume 1. Delmarva Publications, Inc., 2015.</ref> |
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| | + | In the Gospel of John, when the Jews are questioning Jesus, they say "You aren’t 50 years old yet, and You’ve seen Abraham?" Jesus replies by revealing "I assure you: Before Abraham was, I am." Jesus declares Himself as God here, and the Jews immediately try to stone him for claiming to be God, but they are unable to do this. |
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| | === Ten Plagues === | | === Ten Plagues === |