The ''Shahada'' is generally translated as "There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God." but is also translated in similar phrases such as "There is none worthy of worship except Allah, and [[Muhammad]] is the messenger of Allah."<ref name="Ruthven2004">{{cite book|author=Malise Ruthven|title=Historical Atlas of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT1xGHPyMA8C&pg=PA14|date=January 2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01385-8|page=14}}</ref> | The ''Shahada'' is generally translated as "There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God." but is also translated in similar phrases such as "There is none worthy of worship except Allah, and [[Muhammad]] is the messenger of Allah."<ref name="Ruthven2004">{{cite book|author=Malise Ruthven|title=Historical Atlas of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT1xGHPyMA8C&pg=PA14|date=January 2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-01385-8|page=14}}</ref> |