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| | | align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1917–1924 || <small>Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml] </small> | | | align=center| [[Vladimir Lenin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1917–1924 || <small>Head of Bolshevik Revolution took power in 1917. Secured victory in the Russian civil war. Headed effort to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model.[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml] </small> |
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| − | | align=center| [[Benito Mussolini]] || align=center| [[Italy]] || align=center|1922–1943, and in part of the country 1943-1945 ||<small> Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called [[Italian Social Republic]] until 1945. "He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties" (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:0PFM13qC39YJ:www.ablongman.com/history_rh_bridge/assets/0321025865_ch15.pdf+%22Italian+dictator+Benito+Mussolini%22],[http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/greenwood.jsp?doi=10.1336/0275979377]).</small> | + | | align=center| [[Benito Mussolini]] || align=center| [[Italy]] || align=center|1922–1943, and in part of the country 1943–1945 ||<small> Prime Minister of Italy 1922-1943; head of the so-called [[Italian Social Republic]] until 1945. "He introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties" (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:0PFM13qC39YJ:www.ablongman.com/history_rh_bridge/assets/0321025865_ch15.pdf+%22Italian+dictator+Benito+Mussolini%22],[http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/greenwood.jsp?doi=10.1336/0275979377]).</small> |
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| | | align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center|1923–1938 || <small>Marshal and first President of Turkey. Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.</small> | | | align=center|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] || align=center| [[Turkey]] || align=center|1923–1938 || <small>Marshal and first President of Turkey. Led the Turkish national movement. Transformed Turkey into a secular republic through broad authoritarian reforms.</small> |
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| | | align=center| [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || align=center| [[Spain]] || align=center|1923–1930 ||<small> Prime Minister of Spain. Gained power in a coup; suspended the constitution; established martial law; imposed strict censorship; banned all political parties. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061388], [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/PrimRivM.html], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html]). </small> | | | align=center| [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] || align=center| [[Spain]] || align=center|1923–1930 ||<small> Prime Minister of Spain. Gained power in a coup; suspended the constitution; established martial law; imposed strict censorship; banned all political parties. Widely described as a dictator (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061388], [http://www.bartleby.com/65/pr/PrimRivM.html], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565186/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera.html]). </small> |
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| − | | align=center| [[Aleksandar Tsankov]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|1923–1926 || <small>Established Right wing nationalist, anti communist coup against [[Stamboliyski]]’s democratic elected [[Agrarians]]. Forced out of power by Tsar [[Boris III]]. [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ts/TsankovA.html]. </small> | + | | align=center| [[Aleksandar Tsankov]] || align=center| [[Bulgaria]] || align=center|1923–1926 || <small>Established right-wing nationalist, anti-communist coup against [[Stamboliyski]]’s democratic elected [[Agrarians]]. Forced out of power by Tsar [[Boris III]]. [http://www.bartleby.com/65/ts/TsankovA.html]. </small> |
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| | | align=center| [[Joseph Stalin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1924–1953 || <small>General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922-1953; Premier of the Soviet Union 1941-1953. Never elected; cult of personality; [[militant atheism|militant atheist]], heavily repressive; responsible for deaths of millions of Soviet citizens (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108469], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559200/Stalin_Joseph.html],[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_josephstalin.html]).</small> | | | align=center| [[Joseph Stalin]] || align=center| [[Soviet Union]] || align=center|1924–1953 || <small>General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922-1953; Premier of the Soviet Union 1941-1953. Never elected; cult of personality; [[militant atheism|militant atheist]], heavily repressive; responsible for deaths of millions of Soviet citizens (see [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108469], [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559200/Stalin_Joseph.html],[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_josephstalin.html]).</small> |
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| | | align=center| [[Antanas Smetona]] || align=center| [[Lithuania]] || align=center|1926–1940 || <small>President of Lithuania. Seized power in a 1925 military coup (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:wEZn53dBGtoJ:www.gla.ac.uk/departments/dcees/Duvold.pdf+Antanas+Smetona+%22dictatorship%22]); authoritarian rule. His description as a dictator is common (see [http://www.encyclopedia.com/searchpool.asp?target=@DOCKEYWORDS%20balthistbio&unkey=balthistbio&clientIp=216%2E63%2E197%2E211&userAgent=Mozilla%2F4%2E0+%28compatible%3B+MSIE+6%2E0%3B+Windows+NT+5%2E1%3B+SV1%3B+%2ENET+CLR+1%2E1%2E4322%29]), but not universal.</small> | | | align=center| [[Antanas Smetona]] || align=center| [[Lithuania]] || align=center|1926–1940 || <small>President of Lithuania. Seized power in a 1925 military coup (see [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:wEZn53dBGtoJ:www.gla.ac.uk/departments/dcees/Duvold.pdf+Antanas+Smetona+%22dictatorship%22]); authoritarian rule. His description as a dictator is common (see [http://www.encyclopedia.com/searchpool.asp?target=@DOCKEYWORDS%20balthistbio&unkey=balthistbio&clientIp=216%2E63%2E197%2E211&userAgent=Mozilla%2F4%2E0+%28compatible%3B+MSIE+6%2E0%3B+Windows+NT+5%2E1%3B+SV1%3B+%2ENET+CLR+1%2E1%2E4322%29]), but not universal.</small> |
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| − | | align=center| [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|1928–1968 || <small>Prime Minister of Portugal. Established an anti-democratic, anti-parliamentarian, ultra-[[Clericalism|clericalist]], [[Corporativism|corporativist]], extremely conservative, repressive and authoritarian dictatorship, connoted with the Italian fascism, highly supported by the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Longest right-wing dictatorship ever (four complete decades).</small> | + | | align=center| [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] || align=center| [[Portugal]] || align=center|1928–1968 || <small>Prime Minister of Portugal. Established an anti-democratic, anti-parliamentarian, ultra-[[Clericalism|clericalist]], [[Corporatism|corporatist]], extremely conservative, repressive and authoritarian dictatorship, connoted with the Italian fascism, highly supported by the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Longest right-wing dictatorship ever (four complete decades).</small> |
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| | | align=center| [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]] || align=center| [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|1929–1934 || <small>King of Yugoslavia from 1921. On January 6, 1929 he abolished the constitution, prorogued parliament and established the so-called "January 6 Dictatorship." A new constitution in 1931 left all significant political power in the hands of the King.</small> | | | align=center| [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]] || align=center| [[Yugoslavia]] || align=center|1929–1934 || <small>King of Yugoslavia from 1921. On January 6, 1929 he abolished the constitution, prorogued parliament and established the so-called "January 6 Dictatorship." A new constitution in 1931 left all significant political power in the hands of the King.</small> |
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| | ==Quotes from Stalin== | | ==Quotes from Stalin== |
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| − | The '''Darwin-Stalin connection''' describes the brutal [[Soviet]] dictator [[Josef Stalin]] who [[mass murderer|murdered millions]] of people, giving credit to [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s book for his outlook in life: | + | The '''Darwin-Stalin connection''' describes the brutal [[Soviet]] dictator [[Joseph Stalin]] who [[mass murderer|murdered millions]] of people, giving credit to [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s book for his outlook in life: |
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| | * "The death of one man is a tragedy, the [[mass murderer|death of millions]] is a statistic." ~ to [[Churchill]], 1945. | | * "The death of one man is a tragedy, the [[mass murderer|death of millions]] is a statistic." ~ to [[Churchill]], 1945. |