Changes

Although many leftists [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-08-11/news/0908100426_1_town-hall-meetings-swastikas-bob-macguffie try] to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CNQTwSZCPo deny] it, “modern, political anti-Semitism is a creature of the left as well as the right,” admits Warwick University Sociology Professor Robert Fine, a [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/emeritus/robertfine/home/mycv/ member] of the [http://www.cseweb.org.uk/ Conference of Socialist Economists].<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006).</ref> "[A]nti-Semitism that we might call populist or democratic.... is linked equally to the left and right," agrees George L. Mosse, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "to the new nationalism, but also to certain tendencies in socialism."<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> Omer Bartov of Brown University comments:

Although many leftists [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2009-08-11/news/0908100426_1_town-hall-meetings-swastikas-bob-macguffie try] to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CNQTwSZCPo deny] it, “modern, political [[anti-Semitism]] is a creature of the [[Liberal|left]] as well as the right,” admits Warwick University Sociology Professor Robert Fine, a [http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/emeritus/robertfine/home/mycv/ member] of the [http://www.cseweb.org.uk/ Conference of Socialist Economists].<ref>Robert Fine, “[http://www.engageonline.org.uk/journal/index.php?journal_id=10&article_id=33 Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Anti-Semitism],” ''Engage'', No. 2 (May 2006).</ref> "[A]nti-Semitism that we might call populist or democratic.... is linked equally to the left and right," agrees George L. Mosse, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "to the new nationalism, but also to certain tendencies in socialism."<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> Omer Bartov of Brown University comments:

{{cquote|[O]ne of the most frightening aspects of Hitler's book is not that he said what he said at the time, but that much of what he said can be found today in innumerable places ... As long as it does not have Hitler's name attached to it, this deranged discourse will be ignored or allowed to pass. The voices that express these opinions do not belong to a single political or ideological current ... They belong to the right and the left, to the religious and the secular, to the West and the East, to the rabble and the leaders, to terrorists and intellectuals, students and peasants, pacifists and militants, expansionists and anti-globalization activists.<ref>Omer Bartov, "[http://www.tnr.com/article/he-meant-what-he-said He Meant What He Said]," ''The New Republic'', February 2, 2004</ref>}}

{{cquote|[O]ne of the most frightening aspects of Hitler's book is not that he said what he said at the time, but that much of what he said can be found today in innumerable places ... As long as it does not have Hitler's name attached to it, this deranged discourse will be ignored or allowed to pass. The voices that express these opinions do not belong to a single political or ideological current ... They belong to the right and the left, to the religious and the secular, to the West and the East, to the rabble and the leaders, to terrorists and intellectuals, students and peasants, pacifists and militants, expansionists and anti-globalization activists.<ref>Omer Bartov, "[http://www.tnr.com/article/he-meant-what-he-said He Meant What He Said]," ''The New Republic'', February 2, 2004</ref>}}

Twenty-five years ago in the heart of the Cold War debate, anti-Americanism, anti-Israeli sentiment, and anti-Semitism "were fringe phenomena while now they are more fashionable and mainstream ... [T]hese sentiments are no longer the monopoly of any particular part of the political spectrum. They are there on the European Left, Right, and in the center," agrees Jeffrey Gedman, president of London's Legatum Institute.<ref>Jeffrey Gedmin, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=633&TTL=Experiencing_European_Anti-Americanism_and_Anti-Israelism Experiencing European Anti-Americanism and Anti-Israelism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 27 (December 2004), Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref>

Twenty-five years ago in the heart of the Cold War debate, anti-Americanism, anti-Israeli sentiment, and anti-Semitism "were fringe phenomena while now they are more fashionable and mainstream ... [T]hese sentiments are no longer the monopoly of any particular part of the political spectrum. They are there on the European Left, Right, and in the center," agrees Jeffrey Gedman, president of London's Legatum Institute.<ref>Jeffrey Gedmin, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=633&TTL=Experiencing_European_Anti-Americanism_and_Anti-Israelism Experiencing European Anti-Americanism and Anti-Israelism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 27 (December 2004), Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref>

==Organizations==

==Organizations==

Perhaps more important than the widespread anti-Semitism among socialist leaders was the anti-semitism of socialist groups such as the Socialist International and the Fabian Society.

Perhaps more important than the widespread anti-Semitism among socialist leaders was the anti-semitism of socialist groups such as the [[Socialist International]] and the [[Fabian Society]].

===Second International===

===Second International===

===Fabian Society===

===Fabian Society===

Britain's Fabian Society (which "set up the banner of socialism militant")<ref>G. Bernard Shaw, "[http://walterschafer.com/fabiansocietyhistory.htm Fabian Tract No. 41: The Fabian Society, Its Early History]," (Fabian Society Reprint, 1899)</ref> hosted a number of anti-Semites, including Beatrice Webb, George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.A. Hobson, and Oswald Mosley.

Britain's [[Fabian Society]] (which "set up the banner of socialism militant")<ref>G. Bernard Shaw, "[http://walterschafer.com/fabiansocietyhistory.htm Fabian Tract No. 41: The Fabian Society, Its Early History]," (Fabian Society Reprint, 1899)</ref> hosted a number of anti-Semites, including Beatrice Webb, [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[H.G. Wells]], J.A. Hobson, and [[Oswald Mosley]].

Beatrice Webb, who played a crucial role in the founding of the Fabian Society, wrote that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race” was “the love of ''profit'' as distinct from other forms of money-earning.” (Italics in original.)<ref>Beatrice Webb, “East London Labour,” ''[http://books.google.com/bookes?id=udcaAAAAYAAJ The Nineteenth Century]'', Vol. XXIV (July-December 1888), p. 176.</ref> "A careful study of anti-Semitism, prejudice and accusations might be of great value to many Jews," wrote H.G. Wells, "who do not adequately realize the irritation they inflict."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 112</ref> George Bernard Shaw once exhorted Jews to "stop being Jews and start being human beings."<ref>Shaw Society of America, [http://books.google.com/books?id=HERbAAAAMAAJ The Shaw review, Volumes 3-4] (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1960), p. 13</ref>

Beatrice Webb, who played a crucial role in the founding of the Fabian Society, wrote that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race” was “the love of ''profit'' as distinct from other forms of money-earning.” (Italics in original.)<ref>Beatrice Webb, “East London Labour,” ''[http://books.google.com/bookes?id=udcaAAAAYAAJ The Nineteenth Century]'', Vol. XXIV (July-December 1888), p. 176.</ref> "A careful study of anti-Semitism, prejudice and accusations might be of great value to many Jews," wrote H.G. Wells, "who do not adequately realize the irritation they inflict."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 112</ref> George Bernard Shaw once exhorted Jews to "stop being Jews and start being human beings."<ref>Shaw Society of America, [http://books.google.com/books?id=HERbAAAAMAAJ The Shaw review, Volumes 3-4] (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1960), p. 13</ref>

==Anti-capitalist anti-semitism in Germany==

==Anti-capitalist anti-semitism in Germany==

During the 19th century, the center of left-wing anti-Semitism gradually shifted from Paris to Vienna, where the "radical-democratic and nationalist left wing" was headed by German Liberal Party leader Georg von Schönerer,<ref>Viktor Karády, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=4hGg9rMQpEEC The Jews of Europe in the modern era: a socio-historical outline]'' (Central European University Press, 2004) ISBN 9639241520, p. 360</ref> one of a group of "left-wing German liberals" who demanded "the exclusion of Jews from the new movement and as far as possible from public life";<ref>Robert A. Kann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cG570mijBF4C A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918]'' (University of California Press, 1980) ISBN 0520042069, p. 433</ref> Hitler would later ascribe to Schönerer "the wisdom of a prophet."<ref>Adolf Hitler, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=EBUBUEeUwxUC Mein Kampf: zwei Bände in einem Band'', Vol. 1], 40th ed., (Bottom of the Hill, 1938) ISBN 1935785079, p. 93</ref> Wilhelm Marr, who [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=anti-Semitism coined the term] "antisemitism," wrote that "anti-Semitism is a Socialist movement, only in nobler and purer forms than Social Democracy."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 45</ref> In late 19th  century Germany, a popular critical view held that capitalism was a product of Jewish culture.<ref>Cristobal Young, "[http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/0/8/9/5/pages308953/p308953-1.php Christianity, Judaism, and the Spirit of Capitalism: The Weber-Sombart Debates]," Department of Sociology, Princeton University, p. 1</ref> Adolf Stöcker, leader of the  left-wing Christian Social Party, wrote, "I see in unrestrained capitalism the evil of our epoch and am naturally also an opponent of modern Judaism on account of my socio-political views."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 95.</ref> Meanwhile, anti-capitalist leader Adam Müller said, “The Jewish messiah, the Antichrist, has come to earth in the guise of the steam engine, and this in order to speed up the end of the world.”<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> "The doctrine of egalitarian free economics and of corresponding human rights in economics, as they were formulated in a humanely well-meaning way by the Scotsmen Hume and Smith, were used by the Jews in order to derive from them their monopoly," according to the anti-semitic ''Die Judenfrage''.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 51</ref> According to Tyler Cowen, professor of economics at George Mason University:

During the 19th century, the center of left-wing anti-Semitism gradually shifted from [[Paris]] to [[Vienna]], where the "radical-democratic and nationalist left wing" was headed by German Liberal Party leader Georg von Schönerer,<ref>Viktor Karády, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=4hGg9rMQpEEC The Jews of Europe in the modern era: a socio-historical outline]'' (Central European University Press, 2004) ISBN 9639241520, p. 360</ref> one of a group of "left-wing German liberals" who demanded "the exclusion of Jews from the new movement and as far as possible from public life";<ref>Robert A. Kann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cG570mijBF4C A history of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918]'' (University of California Press, 1980) ISBN 0520042069, p. 433</ref> Hitler would later ascribe to Schönerer "the wisdom of a prophet."<ref>Adolf Hitler, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=EBUBUEeUwxUC Mein Kampf: zwei Bände in einem Band'', Vol. 1], 40th ed., (Bottom of the Hill, 1938) ISBN 1935785079, p. 93</ref> Wilhelm Marr, who [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=anti-Semitism coined the term] "antisemitism," wrote that "anti-Semitism is a Socialist movement, only in nobler and purer forms than Social Democracy."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 45</ref> In late 19th  century Germany, a popular critical view held that capitalism was a product of Jewish culture.<ref>Cristobal Young, "[http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/3/0/8/9/5/pages308953/p308953-1.php Christianity, Judaism, and the Spirit of Capitalism: The Weber-Sombart Debates]," Department of Sociology, Princeton University, p. 1</ref> Adolf Stöcker, leader of the  left-wing Christian Social Party, wrote, "I see in unrestrained capitalism the evil of our epoch and am naturally also an opponent of modern Judaism on account of my socio-political views."<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 95.</ref> Meanwhile, anti-capitalist leader Adam Müller said, “The Jewish messiah, the Antichrist, has come to earth in the guise of the steam engine, and this in order to speed up the end of the world.”<ref>George L. Mosse, [http://history.wisc.edu/mosse/george_mosse/summaries/jewish_history_lecture7.htm Modern Jewish History - Summary: Lecture #7], March 1, 1971, George L. Mosse Program in History, Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison</ref> "The doctrine of egalitarian free economics and of corresponding human rights in economics, as they were formulated in a humanely well-meaning way by the Scotsmen Hume and Smith, were used by the Jews in order to derive from them their monopoly," according to the anti-semitic ''Die Judenfrage''.<ref>Peter G. J. Pulzer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=zCoUo84hXDEC The rise of political anti-semitism in Germany & Austria]'' (Harvard University Press, 1988) ISBN 0674771664, p. 51</ref> According to Tyler Cowen, professor of economics at George Mason University:

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

"Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/184-AS-Main-report.pdf secondary anti-Semitism]. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism."  

"Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/184-AS-Main-report.pdf secondary anti-Semitism]. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism."  

Berlin's Red Army Faction (RAF), a Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and  Holocaust denier,<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being labeled “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref> “Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of  East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and  network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> In 1976, the Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1979, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group, seized control of the government of Nicaragua, supporting a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

Berlin's [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF), a Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."<ref>''Antisemitismus eigentlich Haß auf Kapitalismus ist.'' George Watson, "Race and the Socialists. On the Progressive Principle of Revolutionary Extermination," ''Encounter'' 47, 1976, pp. 15-18</ref> Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and  Holocaust denier,<ref>“[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,550430,00.html One-Man Right-Wing Circus Act: German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting],” ''Der Speigel'' Online International</ref> was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.<ref>”[http://www.ejpress.org/article/12601 Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria],” ''European Jewish Press'', December 29, 2006</ref> Despite being labeled “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("[http://shoabloger.wordpress.com/texts/michael-friedman-interviews-horst-mahler-full-text/ The enemy is the same]")<ref> “Der Feind ist derselbe.” Hoerst Mahler in Michael Friedman, “[https://archive.org/download/Friedman-Michel-Interview-mit-Horst-Mahler-und-Sylvia-Stolz/FriedmanMichel-InterviewMitHorstMahlerUndSylviaStolz200789S.Text.pdf So spricht man mit Nazis],” ''Vanity Fair (German edition), November, 2007, p. 17</ref> since his days as an informant for the Stasi,<ref>Helen Pidd, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-m einhof-gang-founder-stasi Baader-Meinhof terrorist may have worked for the Stasi]," ''The Guardian'', August 1, 2011</ref> the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of  East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and  network of safehouses in West Belin.)<ref>John Schmeidel "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529308432225#preview My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 8, No. 4 (October 1993), pp. 59–72.</ref> In 1976, the Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist<ref>Edmund L. Andrews and John Kifner, [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html George Habash, 82, founder of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine], ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2008</ref> terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1979, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group, seized control of the government of Nicaragua, supporting a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', October-December 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', October-December 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

Thus post-unification Germany, observed a journalist in 2005, is marked by "a poisonous cocktail of the three big As: anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism and anti-capitalism."<ref>Wolfgang Munchau, "[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/13684/part_2/antiamericanism-antisemitism-anticapitalism.thtml Anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism, anti-capitalism]," ''The Spectator'', May 21, 2005</ref> This association of Jews with America was illustrated in 2006, when German Neo-Nazis burned a copy of ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=y50yo2rnJHcC Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl]'' together [http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/germany/9582 with an American flag].

Thus post-unification Germany, observed a journalist in 2005, is marked by "a poisonous cocktail of the three big As: anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism and anti-capitalism."<ref>Wolfgang Munchau, "[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/13684/part_2/antiamericanism-antisemitism-anticapitalism.thtml Anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism, anti-capitalism]," ''The Spectator'', May 21, 2005</ref> This association of Jews with America was illustrated in 2006, when German Neo-Nazis burned a copy of ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=y50yo2rnJHcC Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl]'' together [http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/germany/9582 with an American flag].

===Notes===

==References==

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[[Category:Liberalism]]

[[Category:Liberalism]]