Changes

===Leroux===

===Leroux===

Pierre Leroux (1797-1871), who coined the word "socialism", “identified the Jews with the despised capitalism, and regarded them as the incarnation of mammon, who lived by exploiting others.”<ref>Dennis Prager and Joseph Telushkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=VK0llzUqQ2YC Why the Jews?: the reason for antisemitism]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0743246209, p. 127</ref> He said, "When we speak of the Jews, we mean the Jewish spirit – the spirit of profit, of lucre, of gain, the spirit of commerce, of speculation, in a word, the banker spirit."<ref>Lewis S. Feuer and Irving Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=8TwfWRr21zEC Ideology and the Ideologists]'' (Transaction Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1412814421, p. 141</ref> "The true successor of Napoleon," wrote Leroux, "is the Jew."<ref>William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref>

Pierre Leroux (1797–1871), who coined the word "socialism", “identified the Jews with the despised capitalism, and regarded them as the incarnation of mammon, who lived by exploiting others.”<ref>Dennis Prager and Joseph Telushkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=VK0llzUqQ2YC Why the Jews?: the reason for antisemitism]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2003) ISBN 0743246209, p. 127</ref> He said, "When we speak of the Jews, we mean the Jewish spirit – the spirit of profit, of lucre, of gain, the spirit of commerce, of speculation, in a word, the banker spirit."<ref>Lewis S. Feuer and Irving Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=8TwfWRr21zEC Ideology and the Ideologists]'' (Transaction Publishers, 2010) ISBN 1412814421, p. 141</ref> "The true successor of Napoleon," wrote Leroux, "is the Jew."<ref>William Oliver Coleman, "[http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.368.pdf Anti-Semitism in Anti-economics]," ''History of Political Economy'' (Duke University Press), Vol. 35, No. 4 (Winter 2003), p. 764</ref>

===Fichte===

===Fichte===

===Fourier===

===Fourier===

Early socialist Charles Fourier (1768-1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e, ''laissez faire'' capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews to the rights of citizens" which, he wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers, etc."<ref>Charles Fourier (Tr. Julian H. Franklin), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w2CgXn5jAm8C Selections from the Works of Fourier]'' (Allen & Unwin, 1901), p. 96. Cf. Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' [W. W. Norton & Company, 1999] ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."<ref>George Lichtheim, "Socialism and the Jews," [http://search.opinionarchives.com/Dissent_Web/DigitalArchive.aspx?panes=1&aid=01504314_1 ''Dissent'', Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 1968)], p. 320</ref> "[I]ndustrial feudalism"&mdash;as Toussenel called capitalism&mdash;"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."<ref>Jacob Katz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeH_uNpWbZAC From prejudice to destruction: anti-Semitism, 1700-1933]'' (Harvard University Press, 1980) ISBN 0674325079, p. 125</ref>

Early socialist [[Charles Fourier]] (1768–1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e, ''laissez faire'' capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews to the rights of citizens" which, he wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers, etc."<ref>Charles Fourier (Tr. Julian H. Franklin), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=w2CgXn5jAm8C Selections from the Works of Fourier]'' (Allen & Unwin, 1901), p. 96. Cf. Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice]'' [W. W. Norton & Company, 1999] ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."<ref>George Lichtheim, "Socialism and the Jews," [http://search.opinionarchives.com/Dissent_Web/DigitalArchive.aspx?panes=1&aid=01504314_1 ''Dissent'', Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 1968)], p. 320</ref> "[I]ndustrial feudalism"&mdash;as Toussenel called capitalism&mdash;"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."<ref>Jacob Katz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FeH_uNpWbZAC From prejudice to destruction: anti-Semitism, 1700-1933]'' (Harvard University Press, 1980) ISBN 0674325079, p. 125</ref>

===Dühring===

===Dühring===

Marx's mentor Bruno Bauer published antisemitic articles by Marx's intellectual rival in the German Social Democratic Party, Eugen Dühring, "descibing Jews as idle usurers exploiting productive labor."<ref>Richard S. Levy, ''[http://books.google.com.au/books/about/Antisemitism.html?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia Of Prejudice And Persecution]'', Volume 1 (ABC-CLIO, 2005) ISBN 1851094393, pp. 61-62</ref>

Marx's mentor Bruno Bauer published antisemitic articles by Marx's intellectual rival in the German Social Democratic Party, Eugen Dühring, "describing Jews as idle usurers exploiting productive labor."<ref>Richard S. Levy, ''[http://books.google.com.au/books/about/Antisemitism.html?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia Of Prejudice And Persecution]'', Volume 1 (ABC-CLIO, 2005) ISBN 1851094393, pp. 61-62</ref>

===Proudhon===

===Proudhon===

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865), one of the [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/proudhon/grahamproudhon.html leading socialist] theorists of his day (and a [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1846/letters/46_05_05.htm correspondent of Marx]), called Jews “the race which poisons everything” and “the enemy of the human race”;<ref>Norman Podhoretz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=QUfFP_Q_nqIC Why are Jews Liberals?]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 0385529198, p. 62</ref> "The Jew is by temperament an anti-producer, neither a farmer nor an industrialist nor even a true merchant," wrote Prodhon. "He is an intermediary, always fraudulent and parasitic, who operates, in trade as in philosophy, by means of falsification, counterfeiting, and horse-trading."<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice] (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> He wrote, "This race must be sent back to Asia, or exterminated."<ref>Daniel Halévy and Pierre Haubtmann, eds., ''Carnets de P.J. Proudhon'' (Paris: Marcel Rivière, 1961), Vol. II, p. 337; Vol. VI, p. 178</ref> "By fire or fusion, or by expulsion the Jew must disappear."<ref>Richard L. Rubenstein and John K. Roth, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IfoBx6skMCkC Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy] (Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) ISBN 0664223532, p. 77</ref>

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865), one of the [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/proudhon/grahamproudhon.html leading socialist] theorists of his day (and a [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1846/letters/46_05_05.htm correspondent of Marx]), called Jews “the race which poisons everything” and “the enemy of the human race”;<ref>Norman Podhoretz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=QUfFP_Q_nqIC Why are Jews Liberals?]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 0385529198, p. 62</ref> "The Jew is by temperament an anti-producer, neither a farmer nor an industrialist nor even a true merchant," wrote Prodhon. "He is an intermediary, always fraudulent and parasitic, who operates, in trade as in philosophy, by means of falsification, counterfeiting, and horse-trading."<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GteStbiDEjAC Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice] (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999) ISBN 0393318397, p. 111</ref> He wrote, "This race must be sent back to Asia, or exterminated."<ref>Daniel Halévy and Pierre Haubtmann, eds., ''Carnets de P.J. Proudhon'' (Paris: Marcel Rivière, 1961), Vol. II, p. 337; Vol. VI, p. 178</ref> "By fire or fusion, or by expulsion the Jew must disappear."<ref>Richard L. Rubenstein and John K. Roth, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IfoBx6skMCkC Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy] (Westminster John Knox Press, 2003) ISBN 0664223532, p. 77</ref>

===Bakhunin===

===Bakhunin===

===Dreiser===

===Dreiser===

Theodore Dreiser, an [[atheist]]<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881224,00.html Religion: Atheist's Oath]," ''Time'', August 20, 1928</ref> as well as a [[Communist]],"<ref>Theodore Dreiser, "Request to Become a Communist," ''[[The Daily Worker]]'', July 30, 1945, reprinted in Albert Fried, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLJbT3NMbN4C Communism in America: A History in Documents]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231102356, pp. 348-350</ref> was also a virulent [[anti-Semite]]<ref>"the Jew ... has been in America all of two hundred years, and he has not faded into a pure American by any means, and he will not. As I said before, he maintains his religious dogmas and his racial sympathies, race characteristics, and race cohesion as against all the types or nationalities surrounding him wheresoever." Dreiser quoted in Lee Bernstein, "The Avengers of Christie: Street Racism and Jewish Working-Class Rebellion in Mike Gold’s 'Jews Without Money''," in Janet Galligani Casey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=0wLliXDo2iwC The Novel and the American Left: Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction]'' (University of Iowa Press, 2004) 1587294753, p. 118</ref> and defender of [[Hitler]].<ref> Dreiser excused the Holocaust, saying that British rule in India "makes Germany's cruelties seem like a pipe dream," and "If Germany can beat England at the game of mass human torture ... it will have to go some." The editor explains in a footnote that Dreiser was parroting the Communist Party line during the Nazi-Soviet pact "by portraying Britain as a greater threat to world democracy and peace than Germany." (Frederic E. Rusch and Donald Pizer, eds., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQL7UitACW4C Theodore Dreiser: Interviews]'' (University of Illinois Press, 2004) ISBN 0252029437, p. 305) Cf. H. Elias, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TKtEAAAAYAAJ Letters of Theodore Dreiser: A Selection, vol. 2]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), pp. 405, 650–52; Richard Tuerk, “The American Spectator Symposium Controversy: Was Dreiser Anti-Semitic?” ''Prospects 16'' (1991), pp. 367–89; Louis Harap, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mAPvam-n_DYC Creative Awakening: The Jewish Presence in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1900-1940s],'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987) ISBN 0313253862, pp. 128-132.</ref> New York is a "kike's dream of a ghetto," he wrote; Jews are not "pure Americans" and "lack integrity."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

[[Theodore Dreiser]], an [[atheist]]<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881224,00.html Religion: Atheist's Oath]," ''Time'', August 20, 1928</ref> as well as a [[Communist]],"<ref>Theodore Dreiser, "Request to Become a Communist," ''[[The Daily Worker]]'', July 30, 1945, reprinted in Albert Fried, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLJbT3NMbN4C Communism in America: A History in Documents]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231102356, pp. 348-350</ref> was also a virulent [[anti-Semite]]<ref>"the Jew ... has been in America all of two hundred years, and he has not faded into a pure American by any means, and he will not. As I said before, he maintains his religious dogmas and his racial sympathies, race characteristics, and race cohesion as against all the types or nationalities surrounding him wheresoever." Dreiser quoted in Lee Bernstein, "The Avengers of Christie: Street Racism and Jewish Working-Class Rebellion in Mike Gold’s 'Jews Without Money''," in Janet Galligani Casey, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=0wLliXDo2iwC The Novel and the American Left: Critical Essays on Depression-Era Fiction]'' (University of Iowa Press, 2004) 1587294753, p. 118</ref> and defender of [[Hitler]].<ref> Dreiser excused the Holocaust, saying that British rule in India "makes Germany's cruelties seem like a pipe dream," and "If Germany can beat England at the game of mass human torture ... it will have to go some." The editor explains in a footnote that Dreiser was parroting the Communist Party line during the Nazi-Soviet pact "by portraying Britain as a greater threat to world democracy and peace than Germany." (Frederic E. Rusch and Donald Pizer, eds., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQL7UitACW4C Theodore Dreiser: Interviews]'' (University of Illinois Press, 2004) ISBN 0252029437, p. 305) Cf. H. Elias, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=TKtEAAAAYAAJ Letters of Theodore Dreiser: A Selection, vol. 2]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), pp. 405, 650–52; Richard Tuerk, “The American Spectator Symposium Controversy: Was Dreiser Anti-Semitic?” ''Prospects 16'' (1991), pp. 367–89; Louis Harap, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mAPvam-n_DYC Creative Awakening: The Jewish Presence in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1900-1940s],'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987) ISBN 0313253862, pp. 128-132.</ref> New York is a "kike's dream of a ghetto," he wrote; Jews are not "pure Americans" and "lack integrity."<ref>Alan M. Dershowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3jjNW-_TnusC Chutzpah]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1992) ISBN 0671760890, p. 113</ref>

==Organizations==

==Organizations==