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→The Fall of Communism
== The Fall of Communism ==
== The Fall of Communism ==
Nagy was replaced as leader by János Kádár (1912-1989) who instituted 'Goulash Communism': strict political control coupled with more liberal economic and cultural policies. In the short term this led to improved living standards for the Hungarian people: in material terms they, and the East Germans, were the most prosperous nations in the eastern bloc. It also created a readiness to take advantage of the relaxations of ''[[glasnost]]'' and ''[[perestroika]]'' being advocated in the 1980s Soviet Union. In 1989 the Hungarian government opened its border with Austria. This led to a flood of refugees from [[East Germany]] and thus ultimately to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], the reunification of [[Germany]], and the domino-like collapse of Communist regimes across the Soviet bloc. Democratic elections were first held in 1990.
Nagy was replaced as leader by János Kádár (1912–1989) who instituted 'Goulash Communism': strict political control coupled with more liberal economic and cultural policies. In the short term this led to improved living standards for the Hungarian people: in material terms they, and the East Germans, were the most prosperous nations in the eastern bloc. It also created a readiness to take advantage of the relaxations of ''[[glasnost]]'' and ''[[perestroika]]'' being advocated in the 1980s Soviet Union. In 1989 the Hungarian government opened its border with Austria. This led to a flood of refugees from [[East Germany]] and thus ultimately to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], the reunification of [[Germany]], and the domino-like collapse of Communist regimes across the Soviet bloc. Democratic elections were first held in 1990.
Hungary joined [[NATO]] in 1999 and the [[European Union]] in 2004. It has been hard-hit by the world-wide [[Recession of 2008]].
Hungary joined [[NATO]] in 1999 and the [[European Union]] in 2004. It has been hard-hit by the worldwide [[Recession of 2008]].
The conservative [[Fidesz]] party, led by [[Viktor Orbán]], made massive gains in the 2010 elections, gaining a supermajority in parliament. Orbán took a tough stance in reaction to the [[European migrant crisis]], which started in 2015.
== See also ==
== See also ==