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| − | The [[Bible]] was the inspiration for [[set theory]] and other accomplishments in [[math]]. The greatest mathematicians, including [[Bernard Riemann]], [[Georg Cantor]], [[Kurt Gödel]], and [[John von Neumann]], were avid readers of the Bible. | + | {{See also|Math and God}} |
| | + | The [[Bible]] was the inspiration for [[set theory]] and other breakthroughs in [[math]]. The [[New Testament]] gave [[infinity]] a theological basis that led to an acceptance of it by the secular world, after philosophers had rejected it. The greatest mathematicians, including [[Bernard Riemann]], [[Georg Cantor]], [[Kurt Gödel]], and [[John von Neumann]], were avid readers of the Bible. [[James, Chapter 1|James 1:17]] (notice the [[prime number]] for this special verse) seems to tantalizingly foreshadow [[calculus]]: "Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning." This foreshadows the development of calculus and its use of limits: [[God]] is [[infinite]] and [[perfect]], and not merely approaching these ideals. In terms of [[calculus]], this verse James 1:17 states that the second derivative of God is zero, thereby explaining that God is at a mathematical maximum above which nothing is possible.<ref>[[KJV]]. Modern attempts to translate this same verse are collected [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/James%201%3A17 here].</ref> '''''Every prime number from 2 through 41 is expressly mentioned in the [[Bible]]'''''. |
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| − | Potential remains for additional mathematical discoveries based on insights gleaned from the Bible.
| + | {{Bibleref|John|1|1}} can be translated as "∃ Word(t=0) ∧ Word(t<sub>0</sub>) ∼ God ∧ Word(t<sub>0</sub>) ≡ God." References to invariances can be expressed as their second derivatives being zero. |
| | + | |
| | + | Enormous potential exists for additional mathematical discoveries based on insights gleaned from the Bible, and one's understanding of math can be enriched by studying the Bible. |
| | | | |
| | == [[Infinity]] == | | == [[Infinity]] == |
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| | ***For this is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the Son, and believeth on him, should have eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.") | | ***For this is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the Son, and believeth on him, should have eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.") |
| | **John 6:68: (Eternal life:<ref name="desc"/> "Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life.") | | **John 6:68: (Eternal life:<ref name="desc"/> "Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life.") |
| − | **John 8:51: "Verily, verily, I say unto you, If a man keep my word, he shall never see death." | + | **John 8:51: ("Verily, verily, I say unto you, If a man keep my word, he shall never see death.") |
| | **John 10:24-30: | | **John 10:24-30: |
| | ***("The Jews therefore came round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou hold us in suspense? If thou art the Christ, tell us plainly. | | ***("The Jews therefore came round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou hold us in suspense? If thou art the Christ, tell us plainly. |
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| | *1 Corinthians 15:34-58: (The Christian doctrine of the resurrection of the dead.) | | *1 Corinthians 15:34-58: (The Christian doctrine of the resurrection of the dead.) |
| | *2 Corinthians 4:12-5:10: (The motives, responsibilities, trials and supports of the apostolic ministry; 5:1: "For we know that if the earthly house of our tabernacle be dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens.") | | *2 Corinthians 4:12-5:10: (The motives, responsibilities, trials and supports of the apostolic ministry; 5:1: "For we know that if the earthly house of our tabernacle be dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens.") |
| − | *Galatians 6:8: "For he that soweth unto his own flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth unto the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap eternal life." | + | *Galatians 6:8: ("For he that soweth unto his own flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth unto the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap eternal life.") |
| | *Colossians 1:16-17: ("[F]or in him were all things created, in the heavens and upon the earth, things visible and things invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things have been created through him, and unto him; and he is before all things, and in him all things consist.") | | *Colossians 1:16-17: ("[F]or in him were all things created, in the heavens and upon the earth, things visible and things invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things have been created through him, and unto him; and he is before all things, and in him all things consist.") |
| − | *1 Timothy 1:17: "Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory forever and ever. Amen." | + | *1 Timothy 1:17: ("Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, [be] honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.") |
| | *1 Timothy 6:12: (Eternal life<ref name="desc"/>: "Fight the good fight of the faith, lay hold on the life eternal, whereunto thou wast called, and didst confess the good confession in the sight of many witnesses.") | | *1 Timothy 6:12: (Eternal life<ref name="desc"/>: "Fight the good fight of the faith, lay hold on the life eternal, whereunto thou wast called, and didst confess the good confession in the sight of many witnesses.") |
| − | *Titus 1:2: "[I]n hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before times eternal;..."<br><br> | + | *Titus 1:2: ("[I]n hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before times eternal;...")<br><br> |
| | | | |
| | =====Other letters from apostles and prophets===== | | =====Other letters from apostles and prophets===== |
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| | *Hebrews 13:7-8: ("Remember them that had the rule over you, men that spake unto you the word of God; and considering the issue of their life, imitate their faith. Jesus Christ [is] the same yesterday and to-day, [yea] and for ever.") | | *Hebrews 13:7-8: ("Remember them that had the rule over you, men that spake unto you the word of God; and considering the issue of their life, imitate their faith. Jesus Christ [is] the same yesterday and to-day, [yea] and for ever.") |
| | *1 Peter 1:3-7, 22-25: (The wonders of redemption; Exhortations to a course of life corresponding to the blessings of the Christian state.) | | *1 Peter 1:3-7, 22-25: (The wonders of redemption; Exhortations to a course of life corresponding to the blessings of the Christian state.) |
| − | *1 Peter 5:10: "And the God of all grace, who called you unto his eternal glory in Christ, after that ye have suffered a little while, shall himself perfect, establish, strengthen you." | + | *1 Peter 5:10: ("And the God of all grace, who called you unto his eternal glory in Christ, after that ye have suffered a little while, shall himself perfect, establish, strengthen you.") |
| | *2 Peter 3:1-13: (The certainty of the Lord's coming established against the denials of profane scoffers.) | | *2 Peter 3:1-13: (The certainty of the Lord's coming established against the denials of profane scoffers.) |
| | *1 John 1:2: (Eternal life:<ref name="desc"/>"[A]nd the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare unto you the life, the eternal [life], which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;...") | | *1 John 1:2: (Eternal life:<ref name="desc"/>"[A]nd the life was manifested, and we have seen, and bear witness, and declare unto you the life, the eternal [life], which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;...") |
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| | * Matthew 3:9 ("and do not presume to tell yourselves, 'We have Abraham for our father', because, I tell you, God can raise children of Abraham from these stones." [John the Baptist] TJB) | | * Matthew 3:9 ("and do not presume to tell yourselves, 'We have Abraham for our father', because, I tell you, God can raise children of Abraham from these stones." [John the Baptist] TJB) |
| − | ** Luke 3:8 ("and do not think of telling yourselves, "We have Abraham for our father" because, I tell you, God can raise children for Abraham from these stones." TJB)<br><br> | + | ** Luke 3:8 ("and do not think of telling yourselves, "We have Abraham for our father" because, I tell you, God can raise children for Abraham from these stones." TJB) |
| − | | |
| | * Matthew 19:26 ("Jesus gazed at them. 'For men' he told them 'this is impossible; for God everything is possible'" TJB) | | * Matthew 19:26 ("Jesus gazed at them. 'For men' he told them 'this is impossible; for God everything is possible'" TJB) |
| | ** Mark 10:27 ("Jesus gazed at them. 'For men', he said 'it is impossible, but not for God: because everything is possible for God.'" TJB) | | ** Mark 10:27 ("Jesus gazed at them. 'For men', he said 'it is impossible, but not for God: because everything is possible for God.'" TJB) |
| − | ** Luke 1:37 ("For nothing will be impossible with God." [Gabriel] NAS)<br><br> | + | ** Luke 1:37 ("For nothing will be impossible with God." [Gabriel] NAS) |
| − | | + | * Matthew 20:1-16 (Parable of the Vineyard Workers) |
| − | * Matthew 20:1-16 (Parable of the Vineyard Workers)<br><br> | + | * Luke 15:11-32 (Parable of the Prodigal Son) |
| − | | |
| − | * Luke 15:11-32 (Parable of the Prodigal Son)<br><br> | |
| − | | |
| | * Romans 8:35-39 | | * Romans 8:35-39 |
| − | **("Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or anguish, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? Even as it is written, ''For thy sake we are killed all the day long; We were accounted as sheep for the slaughter''. Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us. | + | **("Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or anguish, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? |
| − | ** "For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." ASV)<br><br> | + | **Even as it is written, ''For thy sake we are killed all the day long; We were accounted as sheep for the slaughter''. |
| | + | **Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us. |
| | + | **"For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, |
| | + | **nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." ASV) |
| | + | * 1 Corinthians 1:17-2:16 (Correction of party spirit; Paul's manner of preaching defended) |
| | + | * Philippians 3:7-21 (Cautions and counsels; and exhortation to the cultivation of every Christian grace) |
| | + | * Colossians 2:2-3: ("It is all to bind you together in love and to stir your minds, so that your understanding may come to full development, until you really know God's secret in which all the jewels of wisdom and knowledge are hidden." TJB) |
| | + | * Hebrews 4:13 ("No created thing can hide from him; everything is uncovered and open to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account of ourselves." TJB) |
| | + | * 1 John 3:1-3: ("Think of the love that the Father has lavished on us, by letting us be called God's children; and that is what we are. Because the world refused to acknowledge him, therefore it does not acknowledge us. My dear people, we are already the children of God, but what we are to be in the future has not yet been revealed; all we know is, that when it is revealed we shall be like him because we shall see him as he really is. Surely everyone who entertains this hope must purify himself, must try to be as pure as Christ." TJB) |
| | + | * Revelation 19:6 ("And I seemed to hear the voices of a huge crowd, like the sound of the ocean or the great roar of thunder, answering, 'Alleluia! The reign of the Lord our God Almighty has begun;...'" TJB) The Biblical title given to God of "Almighty" extends into the New Testament. |
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| − | * 1 Corinthians 1:17-2:16 (The True Wisdom and the False)<br><br>
| + | (add to list) |
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| − | * Philippians 3:7-21 (The True Way of Christian Salvation)
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| − | **("Howbeit what things were gain to me, these have I counted loss for Christ. Yea verily, and I count all things to be loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and do count them but refuse, that I may gain Christ, and be found in him, not having a righteousness of mine own, [even] that which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith: that I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, becoming conformed unto his death; if by any means I may attain unto the resurrection from the dead. Not that I have already obtained, or am already made perfect: but I press on, if so be that I may lay hold on that for which also I was laid hold on by Christ Jesus. Brethren, I could not myself yet to have laid hold: but one thing [I do], forgetting the things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things which are before, I press on toward the goal unto the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Let us therefore, as many as are perfect, be thus minded: and if in anything ye are otherwise minded, this also shall God reveal unto you: only, whereunto we have attained, by that same [rule] let us walk.
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| − | ** "Brethren, be ye imitators together of me, and mark them that so walk even as ye have us for an ensample. For many walk, of whom I told you often, and now tell you even weeping, [that they are] the enemies of the cross of Christ: whose end is perdition, whose god is the belly, and [whose] glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. For our citizenship is in heaven; whence also we wait for a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, [that it may be] conformed to the body of his glory, according to the working whereby he is able even to subject all things unto himself." ASV)<br><br>
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| − | | |
| − | * Colossians 2:2-3: ("It is all to bind you together in love and to stir your minds, so that your understanding may come to full development, until you really know God's secret in which all the jewels of wisdom and knowledge are hidden." TJB)<br><br>
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| − | * Hebrews 4:13 ("No created thing can hide from him; everything is uncovered and open to the eyes of the one to whom we must give account of ourselves." TJB)<br><br>
| + | ====Transcendence of God from Creation==== |
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| − | * 1 John 3:1-3 (Live as God's Children)
| + | An article of faith among Theists is the transcendence of Creator from His creation, and consequently of God's potentially infinite distance from his creation that He is nevertheless able to bridge with His love. |
| − | **("Think of the love that the Father has lavished on us,
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| − | **by letting us be called God's children;
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| − | **and that is what we are.
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| − | **Because the world refused to acknowledge him,
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| − | **therefore it does not acknowledge us.
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| − | **My dear people, we are already the children of God
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| − | **but what we are to be in the future has not yet been revealed;
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| − | **all we know is, that when it is revealed
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| − | **we shall be like him
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| − | **because we shall see him as he really is.
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| − | **Surely everyone who entertains this hope
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| − | **must purify himself, must try to be as pure as Christ." TJB)<br><br>
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| − | * Revelation 19:6 ("And I seemed to hear the voices of a huge crowd, like the sound of the ocean or the great roar of thunder, answering, 'Alleluia! The reign of the Lord our God Almighty has begun;...'" TJB) The Biblical title given to God of "Almighty" extends into the New Testament.
| + | ''See'' [[Transcendence]] ''for Scriptural passages presenting ideas with regard to this concept.'' |
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| − | (add to list)
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| | | | |
| | === Infinite Nature of Jesus === | | === Infinite Nature of Jesus === |
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| | * John | | * John |
| | ** John 8:58 ("Jesus replied: 'I tell you most solemnly, before Abraham ever was, I Am.'" TJB) The Biblical name given to God by Himself and told to Moses ("I Am") extends into the New Testament and portrays God's first essence to be His existence. Thus the naming indicates that if He exists at all in this unique way, He also exists in a way that is essential to existence itself (that is, essential to other things that actually exist, but that don't exist as a result of their first essence and must depend on something else, ultimately, whose first nature is to exist, for existence) as drawn from virtually unlimited possible existences. | | ** John 8:58 ("Jesus replied: 'I tell you most solemnly, before Abraham ever was, I Am.'" TJB) The Biblical name given to God by Himself and told to Moses ("I Am") extends into the New Testament and portrays God's first essence to be His existence. Thus the naming indicates that if He exists at all in this unique way, He also exists in a way that is essential to existence itself (that is, essential to other things that actually exist, but that don't exist as a result of their first essence and must depend on something else, ultimately, whose first nature is to exist, for existence) as drawn from virtually unlimited possible existences. |
| − | ** John 13:31-17:26 (Discourse after Last Supper)<br><br> | + | ** John 13:31-17:26 (Discourse after Last Supper) |
| | + | * Colossians 1:13-20: (Prayer for the fruitfulness and growth in the knowledge of Christ; whose dignity and work are the great subjects of the apostle's ministry.) |
| | + | * Hebrews 1:4 ("having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs", ESV) |
| | | | |
| | + | == Prime numbers == |
| | + | The [[New Testament]] prefers [[prime number]]s in many ways, including all five of the first prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11: |
| | + | *the [[multiplication of the loaves]] was with 5 loaves and 2 fish, both [[prime numbers]]. ''See'' {{bibleref|Mark|6|31-44}} |
| | + | *three women visit the [[Tomb]] and are the first to learn of the [[Resurrection]], as recounted by {{bibleref|Mark|16|1-8}} |
| | + | *three men witnessed the [[Transfiguration of Jesus]]. |
| | + | *the riddle of the widowed bride of seven brothers posed to [[Jesus]] in {{bibleref|Matthew|22|23–33}} |
| | + | *the eleven good [[Apostles]] |
| | + | *seven [[miracle]]s are described in the [[Gospel of John]]. |
| | + | *the [[Resurrection]] was on the third day. |
| | + | *[[Jesus]] spoke how he divides a total of 5 in each family: 3 against 2, and 2 against 3 - all prime numbers. See {{bibleref|Luke|12|52}} |
| | | | |
| | + | === the Remnant, and a Parable === |
| | + | Prime numbers are analogous to the [[remnant]], the relatively small number of people who are already saved. |
| | | | |
| − | * Colossians 1:13-20
| + | [[The Parable of the Weeds]] describes chaff, which is analogous to [[composite number]]s, sowed among the wheat, which is analogous to [[prime number]]s. |
| − | ** ("who delivered us out of the power of darkness, and translated us into the kingdom of the Son of his love;
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| − | ** in whom we have our redemption, the forgiveness of our sins:<br><br>
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| − | ** [W]ho is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation;
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| − | ** for in him were all things created, in the heavens and upon the earth, things visible and things invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things have been created through him, and unto him;
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| − | ** and he is before all things, and in him all things consist.
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| − | ** And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.
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| − | ** For it was the good pleasure [of the Father] that in him should all the fulness dwell;
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| − | ** and through him to reconcile all things unto himself, having made peace through the blood of his cross; through him, [I say], whether things upon the earth, or things in the heavens." ASV)<br><br>
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| | + | === 7's in Genesis 1:1 === |
| | + | Scholar Ivan Panin found a remarkable pattern of 7s and multiples of 7, which could not have arisen merely by chance. The beginning of the [[Bible]] -- {{bibleref|Genesis|1|1}} -- contains the following uses of 7: |
| | + | <br>1. The number of Hebrew words = 7 |
| | + | <br>2. The number of letters equals 28 (7x4 = 28) |
| | + | <br>3. The first 3 Hebrew words translated "In the beginning God created" have 14 letters (7x2 = 14) |
| | + | <br>... |
| | + | <br>9. The shortest word in the verse is the middle word with 7 letters |
| | + | <br>10. The Hebrew numeric value of the first, middle and last letters is 133 (7x19 = 133) |
| | + | <br>11. The Hebrew numeric value of first and last letters of all seven words is 1393 (7x199 = 1393).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160215110725/https://www.biblebelievers.org.au/panin3.htm</ref> |
| | | | |
| | + | === Prime number verses === |
| | + | The verses about [[anxiety]] in an oft-cited [[parable]] are set forth at verse 7, a prime number, in all of the [[synoptic Gospels]]: {{bibleref|Mark|4|7}}, {{bibleref|Matthew|13|7}}, and {{bibleref|Luke|8|7}}, despite the different ethnicities of the authors of each of those [[Gospels]]. |
| | + | === Additional use of primes === |
| | + | *thirteen (13) is referenced 24 times in the [[Old Testament]] ([[ESV]]) |
| | + | *seventeen (17) is references 12 times in the [[Old Testament]] ([[ESV]]) |
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| − | * Hebrews 1:4 ("having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs", ESV)
| + | == Markov Chain == |
| | + | |
| | + | A [[Markov chain]] is a counterintuitive stochastic process by which the next state depends only on the prior one, like a simplistic view of the weather. The parable of workers in the vineyard, in which the workers are paradoxically paid the same amount no matter when they started working, is an example of the logic of a Markov chain. ''See'' Matthew 20:1-16. Another examples of the logic of a Markov chain is the [[Prodigal Son]]. |
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| | == Coherence of Math == | | == Coherence of Math == |
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| | *Esther 13:9-12 (Prayer of Mordecai [portion]) | | *Esther 13:9-12 (Prayer of Mordecai [portion]) |
| − | *2 Maccabees 8:18 ("'They may put their trust in their weapons and their exploits,' he said 'but our confidence is in almighty God, who is able with a nod to overthrow both those marching on us and the whole world with them.'") | + | *2 Maccabees 8:18 ("'They may put their trust in their weapons and their exploits,' he said 'but our [[confidence]] is in almighty God, who is able with a nod to overthrow both those marching on us and the whole world with them.'") |
| − | *The Book of Wisdom
| + | *Wisdom 11:17-26 (God's forbearance with Egypt and the forbearance explained) |
| − | **Wisdom 11:17-26 (God's forbearance with Egypt and the forbearance explained)
| + | *Wisdom 12:12-18 (God's forbearance with Canaan explained) |
| − | **Wisdom 12:12-18 (God's forbearance with Canaan explained)
| + | *Wisdom 16:20-29 (God's dietary and spiritual providence) |
| − | **Wisdom 16:20-29 (God's dietary and spiritual providence)
| + | *Ecclesiasticus 15:18-19 |
| − | *Ecclesiasticus | + | ::For vast is the wisdom of the Lord;/he is almighty and all-seeing. |
| − | ::15:18-19
| + | ::His eyes are on those who fear them,/he notes every action of man. |
| − | :::For vast is the wisdom of the Lord;/he is almighty and all-seeing.
| + | *Ecclesiasticus 16:17-20<ref>Transl. R.H. Charles, 1913.</ref> |
| − | :::His eyes are on those who fear them,/he notes every action of man.
| + | ::Say not: 'I am hidden from God,/And in the height who will remember me? |
| − | ::16:17-20<ref>Transl. R.H. Charles, 1913.</ref>
| + | :::I shall not be noticed among so illustrious a people, |
| − | :::Say not: 'I am hidden from God,/And in the height who will remember me?
| + | :::And what is my soul among the mass of the spirits of all the children of men?' |
| − | ::::I shall not be noticed among so illustrious a people,
| + | ::Behold the heavens and the heavens of the heavens, |
| − | ::::And what is my soul among the mass of the spirits of all the children of men?'
| + | :::And the deep, and the earth;/When He treadeth upon them they stand firm, |
| − | :::Behold the heavens and the heavens of the heavens,
| + | :::And when he visiteth them they tremble. |
| − | ::::And the deep, and the earth;/When He treadeth upon them they stand firm,
| + | ::Yea, the bottoms of the mountains, and the foundations of the world, |
| − | ::::And when he visiteth them they tremble.
| + | :::When He looketh upon them they tremble greatly. |
| − | :::Yea, the bottoms of the mountains, and the foundations of the world,
| + | ::'In truth, unto me He will not have respect: And as for my ways, who will mark them? |
| − | ::::When He looketh upon them they tremble greatly.
| |
| − | :::'In truth, unto me He will not have respect: And as for my ways, who will mark them?
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| | ::17:15, 17, 19-20 (The divine judge) | | ::17:15, 17, 19-20 (The divine judge) |
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| | *[[Biblical integration]] | | *[[Biblical integration]] |
| | *[[Biblical scientific foreknowledge]] | | *[[Biblical scientific foreknowledge]] |
| | + | *[[Conservative Bible Project]] |
| | * [[Zero]] | | * [[Zero]] |
| | + | |
| | + | == External links == |
| | + | |
| | + | *[https://www.biblestudy.org/bibleref/meaning-of-numbers-in-bible/infinity.html Meaning of numbers in the Bible] |
| | + | |
| | [[Category:Bible]] | | [[Category:Bible]] |
| | [[Category:Mathematics]] | | [[Category:Mathematics]] |