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Line 27: − + + − + − + − − It was Plato, who made ''idea'' a technical term in philosophy, suggesting a world of abstract ideas [[idealism]]; Aristotle on the contrary, shows the real that dwells in the objects of sense; he thought that the natural world needed to be studied and observed for knowledge to be gained. His theory of act and potentiality, of form and ''matter'', is a new solution of the relations between the permanent and the changing; following the first attempts of the [[Presocratic Philosophy]] that conducted to [[Materialism]], ''Aristotle reproaches the Ionian philosophers in general with attempting to explain the evolution of the world without the Nous (intelligence); he regarded [[Protagoras]], who first introduced a spiritual principle, as a sober man among the inebriated.'' − <ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12025c.htm Philosophy] Catholic Encyclopedia.</ref> − − Since that age up to present days, ''idealism '' and ''materialism'' have been the two main tendencies in the field of philosophy.
→History of Philosophy: I removed a chunk at the bottom that talked about Plato and Aristotles. That short, short chunk cannot do justice to either of their ideas and so it really isn't helpful to leave it in.
The Ancient era starts with the [[Presocratic Philosophy|Presocratic]] philosophers and goes until the fall of the Roman empire; The Medieval goes until the end of the [[Middle Ages]]; The Modern up to the 20th century, and The Contemporary up to present.
The Ancient era starts with the [[Presocratic Philosophy|Presocratic]] philosophers and goes until the fall of the Roman empire; The Medieval goes until the end of the [[Middle Ages]]; The Modern up to the 20th century, and The Contemporary up to present.
[[Frederick Copleston]], S.J. (April 10, 1907 - February 3, 1994) was a [[Jesuit]] scholar who wrote the highly respected 9 volume History of Philosophy.
[[Frederick Copleston]], S.J. (1907 - 1994) was a [[Jesuit]] scholar who wrote the highly respected 9 volume ''A History of Philosophy''.
=== Greek Philosophy ===
=== Greek Philosophy ===
''<small>See also: [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]]</small>''
[[Image:Parmenides book.jpg|240px|right]]
[[Image:Parmenides book.jpg|240px|right]]
Philosophy in the West begins with [[Thales]] of Miletus, who was the first astronomer in recorded history to accurately predict a solar eclipse. The Milesian School founded by Thales included [[Anaxagoras]], [[Anaximander]], and [[Anaximenes]]. It was [[Pythagoras]] (ca. 582 - 504 BC) who first brought Philosophy into connection with practical life; he also gave Philosophy its name "the love of wisdom". Closely related to Milesianis is the work of [[Heraclitus]] of Ephesus. Around the time of Heraclitus, [[Parmenides]] of Elea, with his pupil [[Zeno]], raised some serious objections to the project of Milesian philosophy. These objections laid the groundwork for [[Socrates]] and his pupil [[Plato]], and [[Aristotle]], as well as the Atomists, [[Democritus]] and [[Leucippus]]. After the Greek philosophical golden age other systems appeared, like [[Cynicism]], [[Stoicism]], [[Epicureanism]] and [[Skepticism]]. At the closing period of Greek philosophy [[Neoplatonism]] was founded by [[Plotinus|Plotinus of Lycopolis]]. Parmenides' thoughts influenced Plato and through him, all western philosophy. ''While Plato's dialogues are among the supreme philosophical works of the western tradition, it was Parmenides who established the implicit framework of their debates.'' <ref>[http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=9972 Parmenides] by Raymond Tallis</ref>
Philosophy in the West begins with [[Thales]] of Miletus, who was the first astronomer in recorded history to accurately predict a solar eclipse. The Milesian School founded by Thales included [[Anaxagoras]], [[Anaximander]], and [[Anaximenes]]. It was [[Pythagoras]] (ca. 582 - 504 BC) who first brought Philosophy into connection with practical life; he also gave Philosophy its name "the love of wisdom". Closely related to Milesianis is the work of [[Heraclitus]] of Ephesus. Around the time of Heraclitus, [[Parmenides]] of Elea, with his pupil [[Zeno]], raised some serious objections to the project of Milesian philosophy. These objections laid the groundwork for [[Socrates]] and his pupil [[Plato]], and [[Aristotle]], as well as the Atomists, [[Democritus]] and [[Leucippus]]. After the Greek philosophical golden age other systems appeared during the Hellenistic period, like [[Cynicism]], [[Stoicism]], [[Epicureanism]] and [[Skepticism]]. At the closing period of Greek philosophy [[Neoplatonism]] was founded by [[Plotinus|Plotinus of Lycopolis]]. Parmenides' thoughts influenced Plato and through him, all of Western philosophy.<ref>[http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=9972 Parmenides] by Raymond Tallis. Quote, "While Plato's dialogues are among the supreme philosophical works of the western tradition, it was Parmenides who established the implicit framework of their debates."</ref>
[[Saint Augustine]] (354-430 A.D.), carrying some traces of Plato, has been of momentous importance in the development of Christian thought.
[[Saint Augustine]] (354-430 A.D.), drawing greatly on the ideas of Plato, has been of momentous importance in the development of Christian thought.
=== Medieval era ===
=== Medieval era ===