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Dirty War (Argentina, 1976-83) (view source)
Revision as of 17:43, December 13, 2018
, 17:43, December 13, 2018no edit summary
The case of Maria Eugenia Sampallo (born some time in 1978) also received considerable attention. Sampallo sued the couple who adopted her illegally as a baby after her parents disappeared, both admittedly Montoneros. Her grandmother spent 24 years looking for her. The case was filed in 2001, after DNA tests indicated that Osvaldo Rivas and Maria Cristina Gomez were not her biological parents. They, along with Army Captain Enrique Berthier, who furnished the couple with the baby, were sentenced respectively to 8, 7 and 10 years in prison for kidnapping during the Kirchner government.
The case of Maria Eugenia Sampallo (born some time in 1978) also received considerable attention. Sampallo sued the couple who adopted her illegally as a baby after her parents disappeared, both admittedly Montoneros. Her grandmother spent 24 years looking for her. The case was filed in 2001, after DNA tests indicated that Osvaldo Rivas and Maria Cristina Gomez were not her biological parents. They, along with Army Captain Enrique Berthier, who furnished the couple with the baby, were sentenced respectively to 8, 7 and 10 years in prison for kidnapping during the Kirchner government.
==The Disappeared held under PEN==
By the time of the coup on March 24th 1976, the number of disappeared held under ''Poder Ejecutivo Nacional'' (PEN) stood at least 5,182. Some 18,000 disappeared in the form of PEN detainees were imprisoned in Argentina by the end of 1977 and it is estimated that some 3,000 deaths occurred in the Navy Engineering School (ESMA) alone. These disappeared were held incommunicado and reportedly tortured. Some, like senator Hipolito Solari Yrigoyen and socialist leader professor Alfredo Bravo, were ''detenidos-desaparecidos''. Alicia Partnoy, a poet and member of the Peronist Youth that had links with the ''Montoneros'', also counts as one of the victims who had disappeared but later "reappeared." On November 10th 1977, Colonel Ricardo Flouret and Captain Eduardo Andujar, representing the interior ministry, explained to [[Amnesty International]] that many of the disappeared were in fact guerrillas who had gone underground or fled the country.
By refusing to acknowledge the existence of what was later established to be at least 340 detention camps throughout the country they also denied the existence of their occupants, some 30,000 Argentines are estimated to have passed through the camps. The total number of people who were detained for long periods was 8,625. Among them was future President Carlos Menem, who between 1976 and 1981 had been a political prisoner.
US President Jimmy Carter offered to accept 3,000 PEN detainees, as long as they had no terrorist background.<ref>Iain Guest, Behind the Disappearances: Argentina's Dirty War Against Human Rights & The United Nations, p. 498, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990</ref>Some 8,600 PEN disappeared were eventually released under international pressure. Of these 4,029 were held in illegal detention centres for less than a year, 2,296 for one to three years, 1,172 for three to five years, 668 for five to seven years, and 431 for seven to nine years. Of these ''detenidos-desaparecidos'' 157 were killed after being released from detention.
In one frank memo, written in 1977, an official at the Foreign Ministry issued the following warning:
==Military downfall==
==Military downfall==