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Dirty War (Argentina, 1976-83) (view source)
Revision as of 14:14, December 18, 2018
, 14:14, December 18, 2018no edit summary
On 29 September 1976 fierce fighting took place in the Floresta suburb of Buenos Aires, where one-hundred soldiers and policemen were forced to use bazookas and armored cars against heavily armed guerrillas.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7k40AAAAIBAJ&sjid=OWcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1952,5810098&dq= "Troops Clash With Guerrillas"]. ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'' (29 September 1976).</ref> On 2 October, Lieutenant-General Jorge Videla narrowly escaped death when a bomb packed in metal tubing supporting a reviewing stand at the Campo de Mayo army barracks exploded only moments after he left.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KeVVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4OADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6997,382239&dq= Argentina's chief escapes blasts, Eugene Resister-Guard, 3 October 1976]. Google News.</ref> On 17 October a bomb blast in an Army Club Cinema in downtown Buenos Aires killed 11 and wounded about 50 officers and their families. On 15 December, another bomb planted in a Defense Ministry movie hall killed at least 14 and injured 30<ref name="encyclopedia202"/> officers and their families. By the first anniversary of the coup that ousted President [[Isabel Martínez de Perón|Isabel Perón]], 124 soldiers and police had been killed in incidents involving left wing guerrillas<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918823,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|title=Hope from a Clockwork Coup|work=Time|date=11 April 1977}}</ref> in what the military referred to as, "the Dirty War".
On 29 September 1976 fierce fighting took place in the Floresta suburb of Buenos Aires, where one-hundred soldiers and policemen were forced to use bazookas and armored cars against heavily armed guerrillas.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7k40AAAAIBAJ&sjid=OWcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1952,5810098&dq= "Troops Clash With Guerrillas"]. ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'' (29 September 1976).</ref> On 2 October, Lieutenant-General Jorge Videla narrowly escaped death when a bomb packed in metal tubing supporting a reviewing stand at the Campo de Mayo army barracks exploded only moments after he left.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KeVVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4OADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6997,382239&dq= Argentina's chief escapes blasts, Eugene Resister-Guard, 3 October 1976]. Google News.</ref> On 17 October a bomb blast in an Army Club Cinema in downtown Buenos Aires killed 11 and wounded about 50 officers and their families. On 15 December, another bomb planted in a Defense Ministry movie hall killed at least 14 and injured 30<ref name="encyclopedia202"/> officers and their families. By the first anniversary of the coup that ousted President [[Isabel Martínez de Perón|Isabel Perón]], 124 soldiers and police had been killed in incidents involving left wing guerrillas<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918823,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|title=Hope from a Clockwork Coup|work=Time|date=11 April 1977}}</ref> in what the military referred to as, "the Dirty War".
==Left wing terror in the automotive industry==
In November 1971, in solidarity with militant car workers, Montoneros guerrillas took over a car manufacturing plant in Caseros, sprayed 38 Fiats with petrol, and then set them alight.<ref>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Gabriela Nouzeilles & Graciela R. Montaldo, p. 382, Duke University Press, 2002</ref>Dr. Oberdan Sallustro, director-general of the Fiat Concord company in Argentina ― which manufactured cars, rolling stock and power generators under license from Fiat of Italy, the parent company ― and an Italian citizen, was kidnapped by ERP guerrillas in Buenos Aires on March 21st 1972 and found murdered on April 10th, after having been held in a ''"people's prison"'' in a working-class suburb of the city. On December 2nd, the bodyguards of a Chrysler Corporation executive were attacked by militants, two were killed and another wounded.<ref>The Problems of U.S. Businesses Operating Abroad in Terrorist Environments, S. W. Purnell, Eleanor Sullivan Wainstein, p. 80, Rand 1981</ref>
On May 21st 1973, Luis Giovanelli, a Ford Motor Company executive, was killed and a female employee was wounded when machine-gunned by the ERP guerrillas in a kidnapping attempt that netted the guerrillas US$1 million from Ford as ''"protection money"''.<ref>Terrorism, Yonah Alexander, p. 224, Crane Russak, 1977</ref>On May 25th, ERP guerrillas attempted to kill two Ford Motor Company executives but only wounded them.<ref>Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina, Paul H. Lewis, p. 57, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002</ref>On June 3rd 1973, militants in Buenos Aires kidnapped Jose Chohelo, a Peugeot representative and later released him for a reported US$200,000.<ref>The Problems of U.S. Businesses Operating Abroad in Terrorist Environments, S. W. Purnell, Eleanor Sullivan Wainstein, p. 75, Rand 1981</ref>
On November 22nd 1973, FAP guerrillas ambushed and killed John Swint, the American general manager of a Ford Motor Company subsidiary and three of his bodyguards. On December 29th 1973, the director of Peugeot in Argentina was kidnapped by seven armed leftists. Between June 24–26 1974, seventeen bombs planted by leftist militants exploded in Buenos Aires, damaging offices, warehouses, showrooms including Ford, General Motors and Fiat dealerships, according to the Bangor Daily News.
On August 27th 1974, FAP guerrillas killed Ricardo Goya, the labour relations manager of the IKA-Renault Motor Company in Córdoba while he was driving to work. On January 8th 1975, Rodolfo Saurnier, manager of an auto parts factory, was kidnapped by Montoneros guerrillas. On 28 July 1975, a bomb of the urban militants exploded at the Peugeot dealership in La Plata. On 9 October 1975 several Molotov cocktails were thrown by militants at Car dealerships in city of Mendoza. On 24 October 1975, Heinrich Franz Metz, production manager of the Mercedes-Benz truck plant in Buenos Aires, was kidnapped by Montoneros guerrillas.
On 29 October 1975, four Montoneros killed the Fiat-Concord personnel manager. On 16 November, militants broke into the home of a Renault executive in Córdoba and took him hostage. On 26 March 1976, two security guards of a Ford executive were killed by militants firing from a car. On 14 April, militants in Buenos Aires killed an executive of the US Chrysler Corporation. On 4 May, militants assassinated a Fiat executive in a suburb of Buenos Aires.
The director of Renault Argentina was badly wounded by plastic explosives concealed in a box of flowers on 27 August. On 10 September a Chrysler executive was killed by militants while leaving his home in Buenos Aires. On 8 October, the Buenos Aires offices of Fiat, Mercedes Benz and Chevrolet were attacked by militants with bombs. On 10 October, Domingo Lozano, Argentine manager of the Renault plant in Córdoba, was shot and killed by Montoneros guerrillas after leaving a church service in Córdoba.
On 18 October 1976, five guerrillas killed Enrique Aroza Garay, an executive of the German-owned Borgward automobile factory. On 3 November, a Chrysler executive, Carlos Roberto Souto, was killed in Buenos Aires by Montoneros. Later the same month, the Montoneros kidnapped Franz Metz, the industrial director of Mercedez Benz in Argentina, but released him five weeks later when the German company agreed to pay a ransom, reportedly US$S 5 million. On 13 October 1977, a Montoneros car bomb detonated outside the home of a Chrysler executive. The businessman was not there, but his guard and a neighbor were killed. On 16 December, Montoneros killed Andre Gasparoux, a top French executive of the Peugeot Motor Company.
==Power vaccum==
==Power vaccum==