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Line 9: − By mid-2018, President Trump had made a large impact in the world through his foreign policy.<ref>Stanage, Niall (May 15, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/the-memo/387680-the-memo-trump-puts-his-stamp-on-the-globe The Memo: Trump puts his stamp on the globe]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 15, 2018.<br>See also:+ − *Goodwin, Michael (August 11, 2018). [https://nypost.com/2018/08/11/trumps-foreign-policy-is-actually-boosting-americas-standing/ Trump’s foreign policy is actually boosting America’s standing]. ''New York Post''. Retrieved August 14, 2018. − *Virgil (November 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/03/virgil-president-trumps-foreign-policy-triumph-annoys-the-media/ Virgil: President Trump’s Foreign Policy Triumph Annoys the Media]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2018.</ref> His decisions and approach to foreign policy conflicted with the [[establishment]]'s favored policies,<ref>Multiple references: − *Taylor, Guy (May 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/20/donald-trumps-iran-korea-policies-take-different-a/ Trump bucks establishment on foreign policy, takes different approaches to Iran and North Korea]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018. − *[https://www.axios.com/donald-trump-foreign-policy-rules-based-international-order-d2ab1529-638c-47e4-ba2d-ec5a412c9ee3.html Trump's attempt to forge a new international order]. ''Axios''. May 13, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2018. − *Rachman, Gideon (May 11, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/4db98f9e-54fa-11e8-b24e-cad6aa67e23e The New World Order: Donald Trump goes it alone]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018. − *Shaw, Adam (November 13, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-clashes-with-globalist-european-leaders-trudeau-as-he-embraces-nationalism Trump clashes with globalist European leaders, Trudeau as he embraces nationalism]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 13, 2018. − *Delingpole, James (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/05/08/delingpole-from-paris-and-korea-to-iran-trump-is-making-the-world-great-again/ Delingpole: From Paris and Korea to Iran, Trump Is Making the World Great Again]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Stanage, Niall (December 27, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/423037-the-memo-trump-puts-isolationism-at-center-stage The Memo: Trump puts isolationism at center stage]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − Trump Administration appointees at the International Organization bureau at the State Department were effective in advancing the administration's agenda despite opposition from the [[deep state]]: − *Wong, Kristina (September 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/17/the-deep-state-exposed-investigation-uncovers-foggy-bottom-anti-trump-leak-factory/ The Deep State Exposed: Investigation Uncovers Foggy Bottom Anti-Trump Leak Factory]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 18, 2018. − See also: − *Swan, Jonathan (July 1, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/trump-trade-war-globalism-protectionism-europe-china-nato-55ab5a53-2645-4116-a199-1aa2a33e8491.html The big picture: Trump's war on globalism]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 1, 2018. − *Kirkwood, R. Cort (July 19, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29572-ap-trump-unique-in-undermining-america AP: Trump Unique in Undermining America]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − *Berry, Susan (October 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/26/mike-pompeo-religious-freedom-is-central-to-trump-administrations-foreign-policy/ Mike Pompeo: ‘Religious Freedom Is Central to Trump Administration’s Foreign Policy’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 26, 2018. − *[https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/protection-of-religious-freedom-central-to-donald-trump-administrations-foreign-policy-mike-pompeo/1362793/ Protection of religious freedom central to Donald Trump administration’s foreign policy: Mike Pompeo]. ''Financial Express'' (from ''PTI''). Octoner 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.</ref> and his policies on foreign aid reflected his skepticism of "[[nation-building]]."<ref name="NationBuilding2018">Muñoz, Carlo (September 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/5/donald-trump-rejects-marshall-plan-nation-building/ Trump rejects Marshall Plan nation-building, opts for 'tough love' foreign policy]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 5, 2018.</ref> The administration continued to defend American [[sovereignty]].<ref name="BoltonSovereignty">Boylan, Dan (September 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/10/john-bolton-the-international-criminal-court-is-il/ Bolton bolsters Trump's 'America first' foreign policy with robust defense of U.S. sovereignty]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 11, 2018.</ref> Despite this, neither the Trump Administration nor Congress moved to reduce U.S. foreign military presence, although analysts believed the president used that issue as leverage with foreign nations.<ref>Wolfgang, Ben (August 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/20/donald-trump-using-us-troop-levels-leverage-analys/ Trump unleashes troop-level diplomacy]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2018.<br>The Trump Administration also pressured other countries to pay more for having a U.S. military presence in their countries: − *Muñoz, Carlo (November 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/18/trump-presses-saudi-arabia-south-korea-pay-more-us/ Trump presses Saudi Arabia, South Korea, others to pay more for U.S. defenses]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 19, 2018.</ref> The Trump Administration made protecting international [[religious freedom]] a priority.<ref>Multiple references: − *Berry, Susan (October 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/26/mike-pompeo-religious-freedom-is-central-to-trump-administrations-foreign-policy/ Mike Pompeo: ‘Religious Freedom Is Central to Trump Administration’s Foreign Policy’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 26, 2018. − *[https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/protection-of-religious-freedom-central-to-donald-trump-administrations-foreign-policy-mike-pompeo/1362793/ Protection of religious freedom central to Donald Trump administration’s foreign policy: Mike Pompeo]. ''Financial Express'' (from ''PTI''). October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018. − *Mora, Edwin (November 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2018/11/09/usaid-urges-christians-other-minorities-to-return-to-iraq-america-is-on-the-ground/ USAID Urges Christians, Other Minorities to Return to Iraq: ‘America Is on the Ground’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 20, 2018.</ref> − − ===Legislation signed, 2018=== − The 115th [[United States Congress]] took an increasingly tough stance toward [[China]] compared to previous congresses.<ref>Bishop, Bill (August 31, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/china-congress-government-policy-shift-9a5b5c9a-f246-42c1-9850-eaf83a3475be.html New normal: Congress lets Trump unleash on China]. ''Axios''. Retrieved August 31, 2018.<br>See also: − *Mora, Edwin (October 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/09/trump-signs-bill-to-counter-chinese-predatory-investment-in-africa/ Trump Signs Bill to Counter Chinese ‘Predatory’ Investment in Africa]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref> − − *March 16, 2018—President Trump signed the Taiwan Travel Act, which promoted formal meetings between high-level U.S. and [[Taiwan]] officials.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/taiwan-travel-act/4302881.html Trump Signs Taiwan Travel Act]. ''Voice of America''. March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018. − *[http://p.dw.com/p/2uV9P Donald Trump signs Taiwan Travel Act, drawing China's ire]. ''Deutsche Welle''. March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2018. − *Brunnstrom, David (March 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-taiwan-china/trump-signs-u-s-taiwan-travel-bill-angering-china-idUSKCN1GS2SN Trump signs U.S.-Taiwan travel bill, angering China]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 17, 2018. − *Huang, Paul (March 17, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-signs-bill-that-deepens-u-s-taiwan-ties-despite-beijings-opposition_2468656.html Trump Signs Bill That Deepens U.S.-Taiwan Ties Despite Beijing’s Opposition]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved March 17, 2018. − *Hayward, John (March 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/03/19/taiwanese-jubilant-beijing-strongly-dissatisfied-trump-signs-taiwan-travel-act/ Taiwanese Jubilant, Beijing ‘Strongly Dissatisfied’ as Trump Signs Taiwan Travel Act]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 19, 2018. − *Gertz, Bill (March 21, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-upgrades-taiwan-relations-angering-china/ Trump Upgrades Taiwan Relations, Angering China]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − See also: − *Bishop, Bill (March 23, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/us-policy-taiwan-shift-3613e87f-fec2-45e8-9801-85e43722e3df.html Trump's U.S.-Taiwan policy shift]. ''Axios''. Retrieved March 23, 2018. − *Martel, Frances (March 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/03/19/china-to-u-s-correct-mistake-passing-taiwan-travel-act-face-military-pressure/ China to U.S.: ‘Correct the Mistake’ of Passing Taiwan Travel Act or Face ‘Military Pressure’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 19, 2018. − *Van der Wees, Gerrit (March 19, 2018). [https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/the-taiwan-travel-act-in-context/ The Taiwan Travel Act in Context]. ''The Diplomat''. Retrieved March 19, 2018.</ref> − *March 23, 2018—President Trump signed into law the Taylor Force Act, attached to a large omnibus spending bill, which ends U.S. aid to the [[Palestinian Authority]] if it continues to give payments to convicted terrorists and their families.<ref>Multiple references: − *Pollak, Joel B. (March 23, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/23/omnibus-bill-donald-trump-signs-taylor-force-act-defund-palestinian-terror-milestone/ With Omnibus Bill, Donald Trump Signs Taylor Force Act to Defund Palestinian Terror]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − *Tibon, Amir (March 24, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-u-s-cuts-funding-to-pa-over-payments-to-terrorists-families-1.5937745 U.S. Officially Cuts Funding to Palestinian Authority Over Payments to Terrorists and Their Families]. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − *Cortellessa, Eric (March 23, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-signs-into-law-bill-slashing-pa-funds-over-terrorist-stipends/ Trump signs into law bill slashing PA funds over terrorist stipends]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − *Bandler, Aaron (March 23, 2018). [http://jewishjournal.com/news/nation/232283/taylor-force-act-signed-law-part-spending-bill/ Taylor Force Act Signed Into Law As Part of Spending Bill]. ''Jewish Journal''. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − See also: − *Heretik, Jack (March 27, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-praises-passage-taylor-force-act/ State Department Praises Passage of Taylor Force Act]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − *[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/03/25/israel-pm-lauds-us-law-to-curb-palestinian-aid.html Israel PM lauds US law to curb Palestinian aid]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2018. − *Barrow, Tzippe (March 25, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2018/march/israel-pm-lauds-us-law-to-curb-palestinian-aid Netanyahu Praises Congress on Passage of Taylor Force Act]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved March 30, 2018.</ref> − *October 25, 2018—President Trump signed the Hizballah International Financing Prevention Amendments Act, enacting additional sanctions on [[Hezbollah]] and expanding the list of people able to be sanctioned for cooperating with the terrorist organization.<ref>Multiple references: − *Re, Gregg (October 25, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-imposes-sanctions-on-hezbollah-says-his-administration-has-done-a-big-number-on-iran Trump imposes sanctions on Hezbollah, says his administration has 'done a big number' on Iran]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 25, 2018. − *[https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-imposes-new-hezbollah-sanctions-promises-more-against-iran/ Trump imposes new Hezbollah sanctions, promises more against Iran]. ''The Times of Israel''. October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018. − *[https://www.apnews.com/69b8308009d94c52b249122e1624d031 Trump signs new Hezbollah sanctions bill in anti-Iran push]. ''Associated Press''. October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018. − *Vazquez, Maegan (October 25, 2018). [https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/25/politics/donald-trump-hezbollah-sanctions/index.html Trump signs new sanctions against Hezbollah]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 25, 2018.</ref> − *December 11, 2018—President Trump signed the Iraq and Syria Genocide Relief and Accountability Act into law, which ensured that U.S. aid to the Middle East would reach Christians and other religious minorities, and it authorized the government to directly fund faith-based groups and other NGOs working in the region.<ref>Multiple references: − *Klukowski, Ken (December 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/12/donald-trump-signs-genocide-relief-act-christians-iraq-syria/ Donald Trump Signs Genocide Relief Act for Christians in Iraq and Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Crabtree, Susan (December 11, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-signs-bill-aimed-assisting-isis-genocide-victims-iraq-syria/ Trump Signs Bill Aimed at Assisting ISIS Genocide Victims in Iraq and Syria]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Smith, Samuel (December 13, 2018). [https://www.christianpost.com/news/trump-signs-bill-to-aid-isis-genocide-victims-iraqi-christians-beginning-to-see-a-difference.html Trump signs bill to aid ISIS genocide victims; Iraqi Christians ‘beginning to see a difference’]. ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Riechmann, Deb (December 11, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/6c456d1fc4f1443699eb7ef8b7670e92 Trump signs bill to help religious minorities in Iraq, Syria]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − See also: − *Starr, Penny (December 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/12/12/religious-liberty-advocates-praise-trump-signing-genocide-law/ Religious Liberty Advocates Praise Trump for Signing Genocide Law]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Chapman, Michael W. (December 11, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/michael-w-chapman/knights-columbus-applaud-genocide-relief-bill-signed-trump Knights of Columbus Applaud Genocide Relief Law Signed by Trump]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Perkins, Tony (December 12, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/tony-perkins/tony-perkins-trumps-signing-iraq-and-syria-genocide-relief-and Tony Perkins: Trump’s Signing of ‘Iraq and Syria Genocide Relief and Accountability Act’ Was a Jubilant Moment]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> − − ===Executive actions, 2018=== − *The Trump Administration took actions related to the [[United Nations]] and similar international organizations: − **June 19, 2018—The Trump Administration announced it would leave the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] due to its [[hypocrisy]] and bias against Israel, making the U.S. the first nation ever to leave the organization.<ref>Multiple references: − *Miles, Frank (June 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/19/us-withdraws-from-un-human-rights-council-as-haley-decries-cesspool-political-bias.html US withdraws from UN Human Rights Council as Haley decries 'cesspool of political bias']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (June 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/06/19/nikki-haley-us-leave-human-rights-council/ Nikki Haley Announces Withdrawal from ‘Hypocritical,’ ‘Self-Serving’ U.N. Human Rights Council]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (June 20, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/united-states-pulls-out-of-un-human-rights-council Trump admin pulls U.S. out of pro-abortion UN Human Rights Council]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved June 20, 2018. − *Boylan, Dan (June 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/19/nikki-haley-blasts-un-human-rights-council-cesspoo/ Nikki Haley blasts U.N. Human Rights Council as 'cesspool of political bias' as U.S. withdraws]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Donati, Jessica (June 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-poised-to-withdraw-from-u-n-human-rights-council-1529430908 U.S. Withdrawing From U.N. Human Rights Council]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Anapol, Avery (June 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/393086-us-pulls-out-of-un-human-rights-council US pulls out of UN Human Rights Council]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Hayes, Christal (June 19, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/19/us-pulls-out-united-nations-human-rights-council/715993002/ U.S. pulls out of UN Human Rights Council over accusations of 'bias,' protecting abusers]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew; Lederman, Josh (June 19, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/9c5b1005f064474f9a0825ab84a16e91/Trump-administration-pulls-US-out-of-UN-human-rights-council Trump administration pulls US out of UN human rights council]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Harris, Gardiner (June 19, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/19/us/politics/trump-israel-palestinians-human-rights.html Trump Administration Withdraws U.S. From U.N. Human Rights Council]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − UN Ambassador Haley criticized for "human rights groups" for contributing to the U.S. decision to withdraw: − *Nichols, Michelle (June 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-rights-usa/u-s-slams-rights-groups-says-aided-its-withdrawal-from-u-n-body-idUSKBN1JG2T4 U.S. slams rights groups, says aided its withdrawal from U.N. body]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 20, 2018. − *Ahren, Raphael (June 20, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/haley-blasts-human-rights-groups-for-thwarting-reform-of-un-council/ Haley blasts human rights groups for ‘thwarting’ reform of UN council]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved June 20, 2018. − Further reading: − *Murphy, James (June 19, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29313-u-s-set-to-withdraw-from-un-human-rights-council U.S. Set to Withdraw from UN Human Rights Council]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Hayward, John (June 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/06/19/u-s-to-withdraw-from-u-n-human-rights-council/ Reports: U.S. to Withdraw from U.N. Human Rights Council]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − See also: − *Bayefsky, Anne (June 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/06/19/trumps-wise-to-quit-un-human-rights-council-its-oxymoron-not-worthy-our-respect-or-support.html Trump's wise to quit the UN Human Rights Council -- It's an oxymoron not worthy of our respect or support]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Schaefer, Brett D. (June 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/06/19/us-withdrawal-from-un-human-rights-council-is-right-decision.html US withdrawal from the UN Human Rights Council is the right decision]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 19, 2018. − *Virgil (June 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/21/virgil-trump-administration-puts-america-first-and-the-united-nations-a-distant-second/ Virgil: Trump Administration Puts America First and the United Nations a Distant Second]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 21, 2018. − *Peek, Liz (June 25, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/393923-new-report-confirms-trump-wise-to-leave-un-human-rights-council New report confirms Trump wise to leave UN Human Rights Council]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 25, 2018. − *Sanchez, Luis (June 20, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/393187-bolton-on-leaving-human-rights-council-us-doesnt-need-higher-judge-of Bolton on leaving Human Rights Council: US doesn’t need ‘higher judge’ of our performance]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 20, 2018. − *Cochran, Emilie (June 20, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/blog/emilie-cochran/bolton-levin-us-withdrew-un-human-rights-council-protect-american-sovereignty Bolton on Levin: US Withdrew from UN Human Rights Council to Protect American Sovereignty]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved June 20, 2018.</ref> − **UN Ambassador [[Nikki Haley]] effectively pushed for American businesses to receive a larger share of UN contracts.<ref>Shaw, Adam (August 24, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/24/haley-fights-to-get-us-companies-bigger-piece-action-on-lucrative-un-contracts.html Haley fights to get US companies a bigger piece of the action on lucrative UN contracts]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 24, 2018.</ref> − **August 23, 2018—President Trump signed a memorandum making it U.S. policy to end international mail discounts created by a UN agency which made it cheaper to send a product to the U.S. from a foreign country than from a location inside the United States.<ref>Multiple references: − *Vogt, Heidi (August 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-calls-for-end-to-discounts-for-international-mail-1535144868 Trump Calls for End to Discounts for International Mail]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Dastin, Jeffrey (August 24, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-mail-fees/u-s-calls-foreign-mail-system-unfair-in-surprise-win-for-amazon-idUSKCN1L91W2 U.S. calls foreign mail system unfair in surprise win for Amazon]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Chipman, Kim (August 23, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-24/trump-seeks-changes-in-the-international-postal-rate-system Trump Seeks Changes in the International Postal Rate System]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Soper, Spencer; De Vynck, Gerrit (August 25, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-24/trump-takes-aim-at-china-questioning-international-postal-rates Trump Takes Aim at China by Questioning International Postal Rates]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Williams, Joe (August 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trump-administration-seeks-to-end-lower-shipping-rates-for-china-and-others Trump administration seeks to end lower shipping rates for China and others]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</ref> On October 17, 2018, the Trump Administration formally announced it would begin the process of withdrawing from the Universal Postal Union.<ref>Multiple references: − *Vogt, Heidi (October 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-moves-to-end-deep-discounts-for-packages-from-china-1539791629 No More Mail Privilege for China as U.S. to End Deep Discounts on Packages]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/17/trump-pulling-out-international-pact-postal-rates/ Trump pulling U.S. out of international pact on postal rates]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *Pentchoukov, Ivan (October 17, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-announces-withdrawal-from-universal-postal-union_2692115.html US Announces Intent to Withdraw From Universal Postal Union]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (October 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/411828-us-announces-intent-to-withdraw-from-international-postal-rate-system US announces intent to withdraw from international postal rate system]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *Donachie, Robert; Higgins, Sean (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-draws-fresh-battle-lines-with-china-by-withdrawing-from-shipping-treaty Trump draws fresh battle lines with China by withdrawing from shipping treaty]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *Sink, Justin; Sebenius, Alyza (October 17, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-17/trump-is-said-to-plan-withdrawal-from-china-shipping-treaty Trump to Withdraw U.S. From Postal Treaty, Squeezing China]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *De Lea, Brittany (October 17, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-threatens-pullout-from-postal-treaty-favoring-chinese-shippers Trump threatens pullout from postal treaty favoring Chinese shippers]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 17, 2018. − *Thrush, Glenn (October 17, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/us/politics/trump-china-shipping.html Trump Opens New Front in His Battle With China: International Shipping]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 19, 2018. − *Paquette, Danielle (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-ditches-144-year-old-postal-pact-that-boosts-chinese-retailers/2018/10/17/88aefea6-d234-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html Trump ditches 144-year-old postal pact that boosts Chinese retailers]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 19, 2018. − See also: − *Ip, Greg (October 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/send-word-trump-is-right-to-fight-some-global-rules-1540386000 Send Word: Trump Is Right to Fight Some Global Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 25, 2018.</ref> − **September 10, 2018—The Trump Administration, through [[National Security Advisor]] [[John Bolton]], announced it would take a tough stance toward the [[International Criminal Court]], labeling it "illegitimate" and calling it a threat to "American sovereignty and U.S. national security interests."<ref name="BoltonSovereignty"/><ref name="ICC,PLO2018"/><ref>Multiple references: − *Darrah, Nicole (September 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/11/john-bolton-vows-to-punish-icc-after-court-announces-probe-alleged-us-war-crimes-in-afghanistan.html John Bolton vows to punish ICC after court announces probe of alleged US war crimes in Afghanistan]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Kirkwood, R. Cort (September 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30052-bolton-icc-is-dead-to-the-united-states Bolton: ICC Is Dead to the United States]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 12, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (September 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/09/10/the-icc-dead-john-bolton-announces-war-terror-probe/ ‘The ICC Is Already Dead to Us’: John Bolton Announces Withdrawal over War on Terror Probe]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Hayward, John (September 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/09/10/international-criminal-court-mulls-u-s-troop-prosecutions-triggering-u-s-withdrawal/ International Criminal Court Mulls U.S. Troop Prosecutions, Triggering U.S. Withdrawal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (September 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/405871-bolton-threatens-sanctions-against-international-criminal-court Bolton threatens sanctions against International Criminal Court]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew (September 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/09/11/bolton-international-criminal-court-is-already-dead-to-us.html Bolton: International Criminal Court 'already dead to us']. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Johnson, Natalie (September 10, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/john-bolton-says-u-s-desert-outright-dangerous-international-criminal-court/ John Bolton: U.S. to Desert ‘Outright Dangerous’ International Criminal Court]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Goodenough, Patrick (September 10, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/bolton-lays-out-new-stance-intl-criminal-court-we-will-let-icc-die Bolton Says International Criminal Court is 'Illegitimate']. ''CNS News''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Kellum, Holly; Pentchoukov, Ivan (September 10, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/u-s-declares-war-crimes-court-illegitimate_2656979.html U.S. Declares War-Crimes Court to Be ‘Illegitimate,’ Threatens Sanctions]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Tharoor, Ishaan (September 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/09/11/white-houses-new-attack-international-system/ The White House’s new attack on the international system]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − See also: − *Hilton, Steve (September 12, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/09/12/steve-hilton-trump-is-right-to-not-let-international-groups-push-america-around-anymore.html Steve Hilton: Trump is right to not let international groups push America around anymore]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 12, 2018. − *Thiessen, Marc (September 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/09/14/marc-thiessen-trump-is-looking-out-for-us-by-protecting-americans-from-unaccountable-united-nations-court.html Marc Thiessen: Trump is looking out for us by protecting Americans from unaccountable United Nations court]. ''Fox News'' (from ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *Rabkin, Jeremy (September 14, 2018). [https://www.weeklystandard.com/jeremy-rabkin/john-bolton-is-right-about-the-international-criminal-court John Bolton is Right About the International Criminal Court.] ''The Weekly Standard''. Retrieved September 16, 2018. − *Hoile, David (September 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/16/the-vindication-of-john-bolton/ The vindication of John Bolton]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> − **September 25, 2018—President Trump spoke at the UN General Assembly.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.c-span.org/video/?451988-4/president-trump-speaks-un-general-assembly President Trump Speaks at U.N. General Assembly]. ''C-SPAN''. September 25, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *[https://www.politico.com/story/2018/09/25/trump-un-speech-2018-full-text-transcript-840043 Full text: Trump's 2018 UN speech transcript]. ''Politico''. September 25, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> He gave a strongly [[conservative]] speech which emphasized [[national sovereignty]], patriotism, and his [[America First]] philosophy, and which criticized [[globalism]] by name.<ref name="UNspeech2018">Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (September 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/25/trump-brushes-off-laughing-un-audience-doubles-down-on-america-first.html Trump brushes off laughing UN audience, doubles down on 'America First']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Newman, Alex (September 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/30174-trump-to-un-we-reject-the-ideology-of-globalism Trump to UN: “We Reject the Ideology of Globalism”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Caplan, Joshua (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/president-trump-rebukes-globalism-touts-doctrine-of-patriotism-in-u-n-speech/ President Trump Rebukes Globalism, Touts ‘Doctrine of Patriotism’ in U.N. Speech]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (September 26, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trump-declares-us-independent-from-globalism-in-speech-to-united-nations Trump blasts ‘ideology’ of globalism, defends US sovereignty in epic UN speech]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Nelson, Steven (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/america-is-governed-by-americans-trump-defends-us-sovereignty-at-un 'America is governed by Americans': Trump defends US sovereignty at UN]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/25/donald-trump-defends-america-first-un-general-asse/ Trump defends 'America 'first,' threatens to cut foreign aid budget in U.N. speech]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Fritze, John; Shesgreen, Deirdre (September 25, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/09/25/trump-blasts-iran-promotes-sovereignty-united-nations-address/1418893002/ Trump blasts Iran, touts patriotism in United Nations address heavy on 'America First']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke (September 25, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/3948f3944e5d44a89b7d797b71765259/Trump-challenges-UN,-boasting-of-America's-go-it-alone-might Trump challenges UN, boasting of America’s go-it-alone might]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Salama, Vivian (September 25, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-call-for-international-trade-reforms-in-u-n-speech-1537876904 At U.N., Trump Defends His Administration’s Hard-Line Trade Policies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Gearan, Anne; Nakamura, David (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/at-united-nations-trump-rejects-constraints-imposed-by-other-nations-says-us-will-act-to-counter-global-control/2018/09/25/1a5f8b22-c0c9-11e8-be77-516336a26305_story.html Trump delivers defiant defense of his foreign policy approach to skeptical U.N. audience]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − The UNGA meeting represented a debate between sovereignty and multilateralism: − *Fassihi, Farnaz; Pop, Valentina (September 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-u-n-gathering-leaders-face-global-problemsand-contrasting-views-1537793248 U.N. Gathering Brings to Fore Clash Between Sovereignty and Multilateralism]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − See also: − *[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/editorials/trumps-sovereignty-doctrine Trump's sovereignty doctrine]. ''Washington Examiner''. September 25, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Whiton, Christian (September 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/09/25/trump-at-un-elites-may-laugh-but-americans-can-see-through-globaloney.html Trump at UN: Elites may laugh but Americans can see through the globaloney]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Kazianis, Harry J. (September 25, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/408315-trump-doctrine-just-declared-at-un-and-its-called-maximum-pressure Trump doctrine just declared at UN — and it’s called ‘maximum pressure’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Glick, Caroline (October 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/10/04/caroline-glick-trump-speech-at-u-n-restored-u-s-leadership/ Caroline Glick: Trump Speech at U.N. Restored U.S. Leadership]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Rogan, Tom (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/to-germany-and-poland-a-tale-of-two-trump-messages-at-the-un To Germany and Poland, a tale of two Trump messages at the UN]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Danan, Deborah (September 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/26/israeli-officials-praise-trump-un-speech-palestinians-slam-it/ Israel: Trump’s UN Speech ‘On the Right Side of History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Gennarini, Stefano (September 27, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/is-the-trump-administration-serious-about-refusing-to-promote-the-lgbt-agen Is the Trump administration serious about refusing to promote the LGBT agenda?] ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''C-Fam''). Retrieved September 28, 2018.</ref> He also defended his administration's decisions to withdraw the U.S. from the UNHRC, the ICC, the Iran nuclear deal, and the Global Compact on Migration, along with defending his trade policies.<ref name="UNspeech2018"/> He pledged to review U.S. foreign aid and to put America's interests first when giving money to other countries.<ref name="UNspeech2018"/> Among other strong statements, President Trump stated that "we will never surrender American sovereignty to an unelected, unaccountable global bureaucracy. America is governed by Americans," and that "we reject the ideology of globalism, and we embrace the doctrine of patriotism."<ref name="UNspeech2018"/> He also stated that "responsible nations must defend against threats to sovereignty" and that "America will always choose independence and cooperation over global governance, control and domination."<ref name="UNspeech2018"/> President Trump criticized [[OPEC]] for raising the price of oil despite relying on the U.S. for defense,<ref>Multiple references: − *Moons, Michelle (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/donald-trump-un-opec-ripping-off-world/ Donald Trump to U.N.: OPEC ‘Ripping Off the Rest of the World’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *De Lea, Brittany (September 25, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/energy/trump-slams-opec-countries-for-ripping-off-world Trump slams OPEC countries for ‘ripping off’ world]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> and he condemned China for its trade practices.<ref>Spiering, Charlie (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/donald-trump-united-states-will-no-longer-tolerate-cheating-from-china/ Donald Trump: United States ‘Will No Longer Tolerate’ Cheating from China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> He criticized socialism, using Venezuela to illustrate the system's harmful effects.<ref>Multiple references: − *Spiering, Charlie (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/donald-trump-united-nations-reject-socialisms-decay-misery-venezuela/ Donald Trump at the United Nations: Reject Socialism’s ‘Decay’ and ‘Misery’ in Venezuela]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Axelrod, Tal (September 25, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/americas/408342-trump-venezuela-one-of-the-truly-bad-places-in-the-world-today Trump: Venezuela is 'one of the truly bad places in the world today']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> President Trump reserved some of his strongest criticism for Iran.<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (September 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/25/at-un-trump-calls-on-world-leaders-to-isolate-iranian-regime.html Trump trades fire with Iranian leader at UN General Assembly]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (September 25, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/408276-trump-takes-aim-at-iran-in-defiant-un-speech Trump takes aim at Iran in defiant UN speech]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Herman, Steve (September 25, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-to-address-un-general-assembly-/4586097.html Trump Calls on World Leaders to 'Isolate' Iran]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Holland, Steve; Hafezi, Parisa (September 25, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-usa-iran/trump-rejects-meeting-irans-rouhani-at-u-n-gathering-idUSKCN1M51Q3 Trump, Iran's Rouhani exchange threats, insults on U.N.'s world stage]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Cortellessa, Eric (September 25, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/at-un-trump-urges-world-to-isolate-iran-which-sows-death-and-destruction/ At UN, Trump hails Israel, urges world to isolate Iran, which sows ‘destruction’]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − See also: − *Re, Gregg (September 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/25/john-bolton-warns-iran-there-will-be-hell-to-pay-if-aggression-continues-will-come-after.html John Bolton warns Iran 'there will be hell to pay' if aggression continues: 'We will come after you']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/25/trump-calls-world-isolate-iran-attacks-globalism/ Trump calls on world to isolate Iran, attacks 'globalism' in U.N. speech]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> He called for refugees to remain in their home countries and criticized globalist migration policies.<ref>Spiering, Charlie (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/donald-trump-u-n-refugees-should-return-their-countries-make-great-again/ Donald Trump to U.N.: Refugees Should Return to Their Countries and ‘Make Them Great Again’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> The following day, President Trump chaired a UN Security Council meeting, in which he criticized Iran and accused China of interfering in the upcoming midterm elections.<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (September 26, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/26/trump-takes-aim-at-china-iran-while-leading-un-security-council-meeting.html Trump takes aim at China, Iran while leading UN Security Council meeting]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (September 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/26/donald-trump-accuses-china-of-interfering-in-american-midterm-elections/ Donald Trump Accuses China of Interfering in American Midterm Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy; Boyer, Dave (September 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/26/donald-trump-accuses-china-of-2018-election-meddli/ Trump accuses China of 2018 election meddling: They 'don't want me to win']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Salama, Vivian; Volz, Dustin (September 26, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-u-n-speech-trump-to-chair-security-council-session-1537963988 Trump Accuses China of Trying to Interfere in U.S. Elections]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Herman, Steve (September 26, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/un-security-council-to-discuss-iran-weapons-of-mass-/4587787.html Trump Takes UN Security Council Gavel, Knocks Iran Further]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − More on China's election meddling: − *Key, Pam (August 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/video/2018/08/19/bolton-in-addition-to-russia-sufficient-concern-china-iran-north-korea-are-meddling-in-2018-election/ Bolton: In Addition to Russia, Sufficient Concern China, Iran, North Korea Are Meddling in 2018 Election]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 27, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (August 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/19/china-interferes-in-us-election-with-anti-tariff-film-aimed-at-republican-districts-in-california/ China Interferes in U.S. Election with Anti-Tariff Film Aimed at Republican Districts in California]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 27, 2018. − *Adelmann, Bob (September 27, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/30179-chinese-communist-propaganda-piece-in-iowa-paper-could-backfire Chinese Communist Propaganda Piece in Iowa Paper Could Backfire]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 27, 2018. − *Kew, Ben (October 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/01/u-s-ambassador-china-bullying-newspaper-propaganda-ads/ U.S. Ambassador Accuses China of ‘Bullying’ with Newspaper ‘Propaganda Ads’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 10, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (October 10, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/dhs-secretary-nielsen-warns-china-engaged-in-unprecedented-influence-campaign-ahead-of-us-midterms DHS Secretary Nielsen warns China engaged in 'unprecedented' influence campaign ahead of US midterms]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 10, 2018. − *Mora, Edwin (October 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/11/dhs-chief-china-unprecedented-effort-influence-american-opinion-midterms/ DHS Chief: China Making ‘Unprecedented Effort to Influence American Opinion’ for Midterms]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 11, 2018. − *Funk, Josh (October 20, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/b8fe16a513de4c0e93a93c7f6be162e7 Chinese broadens its propaganda drive to heartland America]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 20, 2018. − *Gertz, Bill (October 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/24/mike-pence-outlines-chinas-election-meddling-strat/ New details on Chinese election meddling]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 25, 2018.</ref> − **October 3, 2018—After the [[International Court of Justice]] ruled that the U.S. could not impose certain sanctions on Iran, the Trump Administration defied the organization, withdrawing from the 1955 Treaty of Amity between the two countries, as well as from an optional protocol of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.<ref name="IranTreaty"/> The administration also announced it would review every international agreement that might compromise U.S. sovereignty to the ICJ.<ref name="IranTreaty"/> − **November 13, 2018—The U.S. voted against a UN General Assembly resolution praising the UNHCR and endorsing the Global Compact for Refugees – the latter of which the U.S. announced it would withdraw from – because it conflicted with American "sovereign interests."<ref name="RefugeeCompact2018"/> That resolution had previously been approved by consensus in the 60 years of its existence before the Trump Administration requested a vote on the matter, and the U.S. was the only country to vote against the resolution.<ref name="RefugeeCompact2018">Multiple references: − *Nichols, Michelle (November 13, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-un-refugees/us-alone-in-opposing-un-refugee-text-over-sovereignty-concerns-idUSKCN1NI2VB U.S. alone in opposing U.N. refugee text over sovereignty concerns]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Cockburn, Harry (November 14, 2018). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/us-votes-against-un-refugee-agency-unhcr-resolution-trump-immigration-asylum-mexico-border-a8633226.html US only country in the world to vote against work of UN refugee agency]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Rush, Nayla (December 4, 2018). [https://cis.org/Report/Avoiding-Quicksand-Global-Compact-Refugees Avoiding the Quicksand of the Global Compact on Refugees]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − See also: − *Rush, Nayla (December 9, 2018). [https://www.cis.org/Rush/Growing-Skepticism-Final-Vote-Nears-UNs-Global-Compact-Migration Growing Skepticism as Final Vote Nears on UN's Global Compact for Migration]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Kueppers-McKinnon, Anja (December 12, 2018). [https://p.dw.com/p/39gDw Can the US be persuaded to support the UN refugee pact?] ''Deutsche Welle''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − Articles about the Global Compact on Refguees before the Trump Administration announced it would withdraw: − *Rush, Nayla (September 25, 2018). [https://cis.org/Rush/US-Continues-Back-UN-Refugee-Compact-Contradicts-Administration-Goals U.S. Continues to Back UN Refugee Compact that Contradicts Administration Goals]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Rush, Nayle (December 14, 2017). [https://cis.org/Rush/US-Still-Part-Global-Compact-Refugees US Is Still Part of the 'Global Compact on Refugees']. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Rush Nayla (October 26, 2018). [https://cis.org/Rush/Global-Compact-Refugees-New-Model-International-Lawmaking The Global Compact on Refugees: A New Model for International Lawmaking]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> On December 17, 2018, the United States voted against the Global Compact on Refugees, being joined only by [[Hungary]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Nichols, Michelle (December 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-un/u-s-isolated-at-u-n-over-its-concerns-about-abortion-refugees-idUSKBN1OG25Q U.S. isolated at U.N. over its concerns about abortion, refugees]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Brown, Lauretta (December 17, 2018). [https://townhall.com/tipsheet/laurettabrown/2018/12/17/us-hungary-take-a-stand-against-the-promotion-of-the-abortion-at-the-united-nations-n2537619 US Takes a Stand Against Global Compact on Refugees, Promotion of Abortion at the United Nations]. ''Townhall''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Klein, Joseph A. (December 19, 2018). [https://canadafreepress.com/article/u.s.-rightly-rejects-un-global-compact-on-refugees U.S. Rightly Rejects UN Global Compact on Refugees]. ''Canada Free Press''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Osborne, Samuel (December 18, 2018). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/un-refugees-resolution-us-vote-trump-general-assembly-hungary-unhcr-abortion-a8688311.html Only one country out of 186 backs US in United Nations vote against agreement to support refugees]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Lederer, Edith M. (December 17, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/4fd4c127e8da4801b6bb3f8d5f184404 UN approves compact to support world’s refugees; US objects]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *[https://www.foxnews.com/world/un-approves-compact-to-support-worlds-refugees-us-objects UN approves compact to support world's refugees, US objects]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Besheer, Margaret (December 17, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/un-states-adopt-global-compact-on-refugees/4704673.html UN States Adopt Global Compact on Refugees]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − See also: − *Rush, Nayla (December 17, 2018). [https://cis.org/Rush/Global-Compact-Refugees-Adopted-Today Global Compact for Refugees Adopted Today]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Rush, Nayla (December 20, 2018). [https://www.cis.org/Rush/Historic-Victory-UN-Global-Compacts-Migration-and-Refugees-Adopted-Week A Historic Victory for the UN: Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees Adopted This Week]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *Cadman, Dan (December 26, 2018). [https://cis.org/Cadman/Reflections-Adoption-UN-Compacts-Migration-and-Refugees Reflections on Adoption of the U.N. Compacts on Migration and Refugees]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 26, 2018.</ref> − **The Trump Administration continued its opposition to the [[globalist]] [[Global Compact on Migration]] in 2018, voting against it during UN votes on December 10<ref>Multiple references: − *Giaritelli, Anna (December 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/un-moves-ahead-on-migration-pact-without-trump UN moves ahead on migration pact without Trump]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Laessing, Ulf; Rinke, Andreas (December 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-un-pact/u-n-members-adopt-global-migration-pact-moroccan-foreign-minister-idUSKBN1O90YS U.N. members adopt global migration pact rejected by U.S. and others]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *El Masaiti, Amira; Keaten, Jamey (December 10, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/nearly-85-percent-of-un-nations-back-migration-deal-not-us Nearly 85 percent of UN nations back migration deal; not US]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Kent, Simon (December 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/10/divided-un-to-adopt-global-migration-pact/ Global Governance Advances: Divided UN to Adopt Migration Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Freibuger, Calvin (December 12, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-signs-un-migration-pact-despite-language-about-restricting-intolera Vatican, 164 nations back UN migration pact despite call to restrict ‘intolerant’ media]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Cumming-Bruce, Nick (December 10, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/10/world/europe/un-migration-deal-morocco.html U.N. Approves Sweeping Deal on Migration, but Without U.S. Support]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> and 19.<ref>Multiple references: − *Besheer, Margaret (December 19, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/un-general-assembly-endorses-global-migration-compact-/4708046.html US Speaks Against Now-Approved Global Migration Compact]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/un-endorses-migration-pact-opposed-by-u-s-four-others/29666720.html UN Endorses Migration Pact Opposed By U.S., Four Others]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-migrants-un/u-n-formally-approves-global-migration-pact-opposed-by-u-s-others-idUSKCN1OI26H U.N. formally approves global migration pact opposed by U.S., others]. ''Reuters''. December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − *[https://www.timesofisrael.com/un-ratifies-migrant-pact-israel-and-us-among-five-to-vote-against/ UN ratifies migrant pact; Israel and US among five to vote against]. ''The Times of Israel''. December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − *[https://www.france24.com/en/20181219-un-general-assembly-global-migration-pact-usa-israel UN ratifies global migration pact opposed by US]. ''France 24''. December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2018.</ref> Additionally, numerous other countries followed the Trump Administration's lead in opposing the migration compact.<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (November 23, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-leading-the-charge-against-uns-migration-agenda US leading the charge in pushing back against UN’s migration agenda]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 23, 2018. − *Lane, Oliver JJ (November 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/22/world-follows-trumps-lead-nations-abandon-legal-framework-building-un-migration-pact/ World Follows Trump’s Lead: Nations Abandon Legal ‘Framework’ Building UN Migration Pact]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 23, 2018. − *Newman, Alex (December 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30830-global-rebellion-against-un-mass-migration-pact-spreads Global Rebellion Against UN Mass-migration Pact Spreads]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 5, 2018. − *Pop, Valentina (December 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-pact-on-migration-sows-dissent-1544281200 U.N. Pact on Migration Sows Dissent]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 8, 2018. − *Boylan, Dan (November 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/14/us-fight-against-un-migration-pact-finds-allies/ U.S. gains allies in fight against U.N. agreement on migration]. ''The Washington Tims''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Boylan, Dan (December 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/5/bulgaria-slovakia-wont-join-us-rejecting-un-migrat/ Bulgaria, Slovakia join U.S. in rejecting U.N. migration pact]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Noack, Rick (December 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/12/04/why-so-many-nations-are-suddenly-following-trump-out-un-migration-pact/ Why so many nations are suddenly following Trump out of the proposed U.N. migration pact]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − Earlier in the year: − *Jasper, William F. (October 23, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/immigration/item/30429-trump-hungary-s-orban-to-stand-alone-against-signing-dangerous-un-migration-compact Trump, Hungary’s Orban to Stand Alone Against Signing Dangerous UN Migration Compact?] ''The New American''. Retrieved December 5, 2018. − UN member states – but not the U.S. and the countries that joined it – voted to adopt the agreement on December 10, 2018: − See also: − *Rush, Nayla (December 4, 2018). [https://www.cis.org/Report/Avoiding-Quicksand-Global-Compact-Refugees Avoiding the Quicksand of the Global Compact on Refugees]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved December 7, 2018. − *Lowe, Tina (December 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/the-us-dodged-a-bullet-in-forgoing-the-un-migration-pact The US dodged a bullet in forgoing the UN migration pact]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Tobin, Jonathan S. (December 12, 2018). [https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/12/united-nations-global-migration-pact-erosion-of-sovereignty/ Global Migration Pact: The U.N.’s Attempt to Erode Sovereignty]. ''National Review''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> − *The Trump Administration took several steps to reduce and improve aid to foreign countries, and it took a skeptical stance toward nation-building.<ref name="NationBuilding2018"/> − **January 2018—Not only did the U.S. withhold $255 million in military aid to [[Pakistan]] due to its lack of cooperation with U.S. counterterrorism efforts,<ref>Gómez, Serafin; Pappas, Alex (January 1, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/01/trump-withholding-millions-in-aid-to-pakistan-as-accuses-country-giving-safe-haven-to-terrorists.html Trump withholding $255M in aid to Pakistan, as he accuses country of giving 'safe haven' to terrorists]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 4, 2018.</ref> but it suspended all security assistance with the country which amounted to at least $900 million.<ref>Multiple references: − *Pennington, Matthew (January 4, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/01/04/us-accuses-pakistan-over-violations-religious-freedom.html US suspends security assistance to Pakistan]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy (January 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/4/state-department-announces-indefinite-freeze-secur/ State Department announces indefinite freeze on security aid to Pakistan]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Mohammed, Arshad; Landay, Jonathan (January 4, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pakistan-aid/u-s-suspends-at-least-900-million-in-security-aid-to-pakistan-idUSKBN1ET2DX U.S. suspends at least $900 million in security aid to Pakistan]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Gul, Ayaz (January 4, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-suspending-security-aid-pakistan/4192718.html US Suspends Security Assistance to Pakistan]. ''Voice of America''. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − See also: − *Ali, Idrees; Stewart, Phil (August 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-usa-military-exclusive/exclusive-as-trump-cracks-down-on-pakistan-u-s-cuts-military-training-programs-idUSKBN1KV166 Exclusive: As Trump cracks down on Pakistan, U.S. cuts military training programs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy (August 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/10/trump-block-pakistani-officers-key-us-training-pro/ Trump to block Pakistani officers from key U.S. training program]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 11, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (November 19, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-blasts-pakistan-as-fools-charging-the-country-let-bin-laden-hide-there-despite-receiving-us Trump blasts Pakistan as 'fools,' charging the country let bin Laden hide there despite receiving US $$]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 19, 2018.</ref> The U.S. also placed Pakistan on a watchlist for "severe violations of religious freedom" on January 4.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-religion/u-s-places-pakistan-on-watch-list-for-religious-freedom-violations-idUSKBN1ET1OA U.S. places Pakistan on watch list for religious freedom violations]. ''Reuters''. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Ching, Nike (January 4, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-redesignates-10-nations-for-violations-of-religious-freedom/4192098.html US Places Pakistan on ‘Special Watch List’ for Severe Violations of Religious Freedom]. ''Voice of America''. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Johnson, Natalie (January 4, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/u-s-reprimands-pakistan-severe-violations-religious-freedom/ U.S. Reprimands Pakistan for ‘Severe Violations of Religious Freedom’]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Martel, Frances (January 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/05/u-s-places-pakistan-severe-religious-rights-violations-watch-list/ U.S. Places Pakistan on ‘Severe Religious Rights Violations’ Watch List]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref> These moves came after President Trump tweeted about the country, accusing it of "lies & deceit."<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (January 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/01/trump-no-more-aid-to-pakistan/ Trump: ‘No More’ Aid to Pakistan, ‘They Have Given Us Nothing but Lies and Deceit’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 4, 2018. − *Pappas, Alex (January 1, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/01/trump-accuses-pakistan-lies-and-deceit-says-u-s-has-foolishly-given-them-aid.html Trump accuses Pakistan of 'lies' and 'deceit,' says US has 'foolishly' given them aid]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 4, 2018.</ref> The Pentagon announced on September 1, 2018, that the Trump Administration had permanently canceled $300 million in Coalition Support Funds to Pakistan.<ref>Multiple references: − *Stewart, Phil; Ali, Idrees (September 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pakistan-military-exclusive/exclusive-pentagon-cancels-aid-to-pakistan-over-record-on-militants-idUSKCN1LH3TA Exclusive: Pentagon cancels aid to Pakistan over record on militants]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Youssef, Nancy A. (September 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-freezes-military-aid-to-pakistan-citing-inadequate-action-on-militants-1535925068 U.S. Freezes Military Aid to Pakistan, Citing Inadequate Action on Militants]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 2, 2018. − *Tomlinson, Lucas (September 2, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/09/02/pentagon-suspends-300m-in-military-aid-to-pakistan.html Pentagon suspends $300M in military aid to Pakistan]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 2, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/pentagon-cuts-pakistan-aid-ahead-of-pompeo-dunford-visit/29466078.html Pentagon Cancels $300 Million Military Aid To Pakistan Ahead Of Pompeo Visit]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved September 2, 2018. − *Uria, Daniel (September 2, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/09/02/Pentagon-witdraws-300M-in-funding-to-Pakistans-military/3751535900853/ Pentagon witdraws $300M in funding to Pakistan's military]. ''UPI''. Retrieved September 2, 2018. − *Axelrod, Tal (September 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/terrorism/404710-pentagon-canceling-300-million-in-aid-to-pakistan-citing Pentagon canceling $300M in aid to Pakistan, citing record on militants: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 1, 2018. − *[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45386278 US military to cancel $300m in Pakistan aid over terror groups]. ''BBC News''. September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.</ref> − **January 8, 2018—The [[United States Agency for International Development|USAID]] announced that it had renegotiated an agreement with the UN which would allow the U.S. to better help persecuted religious and ethnic minorities, including Christians, in Iraq.<ref>Multiple references: − *Russell, George (January 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/11/pence-promise-fulfilled-us-changes-rules-on-un-to-help-christian-and-minority-victims-genocide-in-iraq.html Pence promise fulfilled: US changes rules on the UN to help Christian and minority victims of 'genocide' in Iraq]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (January 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/368027-us-strikes-deal-with-un-development-agency-on-funding-for-minority US strikes deal with UN agency on funding for minority groups in Iraq]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − *Crabtree, Susan (January 12, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/usaid-shifts-on-aid-to-christians-yazidis-in-iraq/ USAID Shifts on Aid to Christians, Yazidis in Iraq]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − *Hurd, Dale (January 15, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2018/january/promise-kept-u-s-aid-bypassing-un-to-help-christian-victims-of-isis Promise Kept: U.S. Aid Bypassing UN to Help Christian Victims of ISIS]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − *Smith, Samuel (January 13, 2018). [https://www.christianpost.com/news/trump-designates-55-million-help-christians-religious-minorities-rebuild-iraq-213575/ Trump Designates $55 Million to Help Christians, Religious Minorities Rebuild in Iraq]. ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − See also: − *Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Mason, Jeff (January 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-pence/in-year-of-drama-and-chaos-pence-quietly-advances-conservative-agenda-idUSKBN1F82NO In year of drama and chaos, Pence quietly advances conservative agenda]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved February 20, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (October 31, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/10/31/usaid-to-fund-direct-aid-to-persecuted-christians-in-addition-to-not-instead-of-proven-un-partners/ USAID to Fund Direct Aid to Persecuted Christians in Addition to, Not Instead of, ‘Proven UN Partners’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 20, 2018.</ref> Vice President [[Mike Pence]] ordered the agency to end its bureaucratic delays in June 2018 after it was reported that Iraqi Christians had not received the promised funding,<ref>Multiple references: − *Russell, George (June 8, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/08/amid-christian-complaints-from-iraq-pence-promises-quick-relief-action.html Amid Christian complaints from Iraq, Pence promises quick relief action]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − *Crabtree, Susan (June 9, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/politics/pence-demands-usaid-break-bureaucratic-gridlock-help-iraqi-christians-yazidis/ Pence Demands USAID Break Through Bureaucratic Gridlock to Help Iraqi Christians, Yazidis]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − See also: − *Russell, Goerge (June 5, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/05/months-after-pence-promise-iraqi-christians-say-are-worse-off.html Months after Pence promise, Iraqi Christians say they are 'worse off']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − *Cimmino, Jeffrey (June 7, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/promised-u-s-aid-hasnt-reached-persecuted-iraqi-christians/ Promised U.S. Aid Hasn’t Reached Persecuted Iraqi Christians]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − *McFarlane, Robert; Smith, Chris (June 7, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-christians-are-still-waiting-mr-pence-1528413035 Iraqi Christians Are Still Waiting, Mr. Pence]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 16, 2018.</ref> and USAID soon announced it would give over $100 million to Christians and Yazidis in Iraq by the end of Fiscal Year 2018.<ref>Multiple references: − *Correll, Diana Stancy (June 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/mike-pence-gets-usaid-to-dole-out-more-than-100-million-to-help-christians-and-yazidis-in-iraq Mike Pence gets USAID to dole out more than $100 million to help Christians and Yazidis in Iraq]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − *Morello, Carol (June 16, 2018). [https://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/under-pressure-from-pence-us-aid-directed-to-persecuted-communities-in-iraq-1.533210 Under pressure from Pence, US aid directed to persecuted communities in Iraq]. ''Stars and Stripes'' (from ''The Washington Post''). Retrieved June 16, 2018. − *Green, Mark (June 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/help-is-on-the-way-for-middle-eastern-christians-1528931329 Help Is on the Way for Middle Eastern Christians]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 16, 2018. − See also: − *Brown, Lauretta (October 29, 2018). [http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/trump-administration-redoubles-its-efforts-to-get-aid-to-iraqs-christians Trump Administration Redoubles Its Efforts to Get Aid to Iraq’s Christians]. ''National Catholic Register''. Retrieved November 20, 2018. − *Williams, Thomas D. (December 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/20/u-s-teams-up-with-orbans-hungary-to-aid-persecuted-middle-east-christians/ U.S. Teams Up with Orban’s Hungary to Aid Persecuted Middle East Christians]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 20, 2018.</ref><ref name="USMiddleEastfunds"/> − **January 16, 2018—The Trump Administration announced it was withholding $65 million of a planned $125 million payment to the U.N. Relief and Works Agency, which provides services to Palestinians.<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (January 16, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/16/trump-administration-withholds-funding-for-un-palestinian-refugee-agency.html Trump administration withholds funding for UN Palestinian refugee agency]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 16, 2018. − *Mohammed, Arshad (January 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-usa/u-s-withholds-65-million-in-palestinian-aid-after-trump-threat-idUSKBN1F52GA U.S. withholds $65 million in Palestinian aid after Trump threat]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 16, 2018. − *Klein, Aaron (January 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/01/16/trump-withholds-65-million-u-n-s-palestinian-refugee-agency/ Trump Withholds $65 Million from U.N.’s Palestinian ‘Refugee’ Agency]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 16, 2018. − *Besheer, Margaret (January 16, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/united-states-withold-palestinian-aid/4210482.html US to Withhold Millions from Palestinian Refugees]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved January 16, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew (January 16, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/0818481757934a7aabe6f51eea3bef6f/US-withholds-$65-million-from-Palestinian-aid-programs US withholds $65 million from Palestinian aid programs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved January 16, 2018.</ref> On January 18, the State Department announced that the U.S. would withhold an additional $45 million for Palestinian food aid.<ref>Multiple references: − *Klein, Aaron (January 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/01/19/u-s-withholds-another-45-million-from-u-n-s-palestinian-refugee-agency/ U.S. Withholds Another $45 Million From U.N.’s Palestinian ‘Refugee’ Agency]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 22, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-usa-un/u-s-wont-pay-45-million-pledged-for-palestinian-food-aid-for-now-idUSKBN1F73CM U.S. won't pay $45 million pledged for Palestinian food aid for now]. ''Reuters''. January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2018. − *[https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-state-department-withholds-additional-45-million-from-unrwa/ US State Department withholds additional $45 million from UNRWA]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved January 22, 2018. − *Moore, Art (January 19, 2018). [http://www.wnd.com/2018/01/u-s-withholds-additional-45-million-from-terror-linked-u-n-agency/ U.S. withholds additional $45 million from terror-linked U.N. agency]. ''WND''. Retrieved January 22, 2018.</ref> On August 31, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would permanently defund UNRWA, cutting nearly $300 million.<ref name="TrumpUNRWA">Multiple references: − *Dedaj, Paulina (August 31, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/31/us-cuts-nearly-300-million-in-aid-for-palestinian-refugees.html US cuts nearly $300 million in aid for Palestinian refugees]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *Schwartz, Felicia; Donati, Jessica (August 31, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-will-cut-millions-in-funding-to-u-n-palestinian-agency-1535739845 U.S. Cuts Millions in Funding to U.N. Palestinian Agency]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *Wise, Justin (August 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/404623-trump-admin-to-stop-funding-for-un-palestinian-refugee-program Trump administration to stop funding for UN Palestinian refugee program]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley; Sawafta, Ali (August 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-palestinians-unrwa/u-s-halts-funding-to-u-n-agency-helping-palestinian-refugees-idUSKCN1LG2EY U.S. halts funding to U.N. agency helping Palestinian refugees]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *Shesgreen, Deirdre (August 31, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/08/31/trump-administration-nix-funding-u-n-palestinian-refugee-program/1161342002/ Trump administration to nix funding to U.N. Palestinian refugee program]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/01/its-official-trump-admin-announces-end-of-u-s-aid-to-un-palestinian-refugee-agency/ It’s Official: Trump Admin Announces End of U.S. Aid to UN Palestinian ‘Refugee’ Agency]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''The Times of Israel''). September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018. − See also: − *Stein, Isi (September 1, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/09/01/us-aid-cutoff-to-un-agency-serving-palestinians-is-welcome-news.html US aid cutoff to UN agency serving Palestinians is welcome news]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 1, 2018. − *Danan, Deborah (September 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/05/friedman-u-s-has-thrown-10b-at-palestinians-but-peace-is-no-closer/ Trump Envoy David Friedman: U.S. Has Thrown $10 Billion at Palestinians But Peace Is No Closer]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 5, 2018. − *Klein, Morton A. (September 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/06/morton-klein-trump-wisely-ends-u-s-funding-to-unrwa/ Morton Klein: Trump Wisely Ends U.S. Funding to UNRWA]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 6, 2018. − *Sekulow, Jay (September 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/406596-why-president-trump-is-correct-in-defunding-a-controversial-un-agency Why President Trump is correct in defunding a controversial UN agency]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *Kelly, Laura (October 31, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/31/unrwa-palestinian-refugee-agency-faces-funding-cut/ In the crosshairs: Palestinian refugee agency faces financial crisis amid funding cut]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 31, 2018.</ref> − **On March 30, 2018, it was reported that President Trump had frozen $200 million designated for recovery efforts in Syria,<ref>Multiple references: − *[http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/03/30/trump-freezing-syria-funds-in-signal-us-pullback-report-says.html Trump freezing Syria funds in signal of US pullback, report says]. ''Fox News''. March 30, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *Schwartz, Felicia (March 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-freezes-funds-for-syrian-recovery-signaling-pullback-1522449642 Trump Freezes Funds for Syrian Recovery, Signaling Pullback]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *King, Ledyard (March 31, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/03/31/trump-freeze-syria-aid-latest-sign-america-first-agenda/475570002/ Trump freeze on Syria aid latest sign of America first agenda]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/president-donald-trump-freezes-200-million-in-funds-earmarked-for-syria-recovery/ Trump freezes $200 million in funds earmarked for Syria recovery]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved May 19, 2018.</ref> and in August of that year, the administration made its decision permanent.<ref>Multiple references: − *Bowden, John (August 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/402317-trump-cancels-funding-for-us-stabilization-efforts-in-syria Trump ending funding for US stabilization efforts in Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 17, 2018. − *Racke, Will (August 17, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/08/17/trump-cancel-syria-funding/ Trump Cancels $200 Million in Syria 'Stabilization' Funds]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved August 17, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (August 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/trump-replaces-us-funds-with-international-aid-for-syria Trump replaces US funds with international aid for Syria]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 17, 2018. − *[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/17/us-ends-syria-stabilization-funding-cites-more-allied-cash.html US ends Syria stabilization funding, cites more allied cash]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. − *DeYoung, Karen (August 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-is-stopping-funding-for-syria-reconstruction-efforts/2018/08/17/1b6a097e-a23e-11e8-8e87-c869fe70a721_story.html Trump administration to pull back funding for Syria reconstruction efforts]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved August 17, 2018.</ref> Also, in May 2018, the Trump Administration withdrew additional aid for northeastern Syria.<ref>Multiple references: − *Binder, John (May 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/18/report-trump-ends-taxpayer-funded-aid-to-northwest-syria/ Report: Trump Ends Taxpayer-Funded Aid to Northwest Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (May 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/388430-us-ends-aid-for-northwest-syria-report US ends aid for northwest Syria: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-usa/u-s-to-withdraw-assistance-from-northwest-syria-u-s-officials-idUSKCN1IK024 U.S. to withdraw assistance from northwest Syria: U.S. officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *Atwood, Kylie (May 18, 2018). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-administration-ends-aid-for-northwestern-syria/ Trump administration ends aid for northwestern Syria]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved May 19, 2018. − *Vavra, Shannon (May 18, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/state-cutting-funding-for-nw-syria-stabilization-programs-1526592970-965b044c-fda3-4445-8967-a7e61f938102.html U.S. cutting parts of Syria stabilization funding]. ''Axios''. Retrieved May 19, 2018.</ref> Despite this, the Trump Administration announced on June 14, 2018, that it would resume funding for Syria's "White Helmets" rescue group and gave them $6.6 million.<ref>Multiple references: − *Mora, Edwin (June 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/06/15/trump-admin-reverses-decision-suspend-funding-white-helmets-syria/ Trump Admin Reverses Decision to Stop Funding for White Helmets in Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 18, 2018. − *Donati, Jessica (June 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-relenting-releases-funding-for-syrian-white-helmets-1528996377 U.S., Relenting, Releases Funding for Syrian ‘White Helmets’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 18, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (June 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/392383-trump-administration-releases-funding-for-syrias-white-helmets Trump administration releases funding for Syria's 'White Helmets']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.</ref> − **August 24, 2018–The Trump Administration announced it would cut over $200 million in Palestinian aid and spend it elsewhere.<ref name="Palestine8/24/2018">Multiple references: − *Donati, Jessica; Schwartz, Felicia (August 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-cut-over-200-million-in-palestinian-aid-1535145774 U.S. to Slash Over $200 Million in Palestinian Aid]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Danan, Deborah (August 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/08/26/trump-cuts-200-million-in-aid-to-palestinians/ Trump Cuts $200 Million In Aid To Palestinians]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 26, 2018. − *Kredo, Adam (August 24, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-admin-cuts-u-s-aid-palestinians/ Trump Admin Cuts U.S. Aid to Palestinians]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Brunnstrom, David (August 24, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-palestinians/trump-cuts-more-than-200-million-in-u-s-aid-to-palestinians-idUSKCN1L923C Trump cuts more than $200 million in U.S. aid to Palestinians]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (August 24, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/403525-us-to-cut-more-than-200m-in-palestinian-aid US to cut more than $200M in Palestinian aid]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew (August 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/24/us-cuts-aid-to-palestinians-by-more-than-200-million.html US cuts aid to Palestinians by more than $200 million]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *Gardiner, Harris (August 24, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/24/us/politics/trump-palestinians-aid-cut.html Trump Administration Cuts More Than $200 Million in Aid for Palestinians]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − *DeYoung, Karen (August 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-cuts-more-than-200-million-in-aid-to-the-palestinians/2018/08/24/5bd7d58e-a7db-11e8-97ce-cc9042272f07_story.html Trump administration cuts more than $200 million in aid to the Palestinians]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − See also: − *Danan, Deborah (August 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/08/29/trump-administration-says-palestinian-aid-provides-no-value-to-u-s-taxpayer/ Trump Administration Says Palestinian Aid Provides ‘No Value to U.S. Taxpayer’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> On September 8, 2018, the State Department announced it would cut another $25 million in aid to Palestinians because of their unwillingness to engage in peace talks.<ref>Multiple references: − *Birnbaum, Emily (September 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/405792-trump-cuts-25-million-in-aid-for-east-jerusalem-hospitals Trump to cut $25M in aid for east Jerusalem hospitals: State Dept.] ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-palestinians-hospitals/trump-axes-25-million-in-aid-for-palestinians-in-east-jerusalem-hospitals-idUSKCN1LO0O0 Trump cuts $25 million in aid for Palestinians in East Jerusalem hospitals]. ''Reuters''. September 8, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Lederman, Josh; Smith, Saphora (September 9, 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/trump-administration-cuts-25-million-aid-palestinians-east-jerusalem-hospitals-n907876 Trump administration cuts $25 million in aid for Palestinians in East Jerusalem hospitals]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Wilner, Michael; Lazaroff, Tovah (September 9, 2018). [https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Trump-freezes-funding-to-east-Jerusalem-hospitals-566858 Trump Freezes Funding to East Jerusalem Hospitals]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *McFarland, Susan (September 8, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/09/08/Trump-administration-cuts-medical-aid-to-Palestinians/4671536442656/ Trump administration cuts medical aid to Palestinians]. ''UPI''. Retrieved September 10, 2018.</ref> − **November 15, 2018—USAID announced a new policy expanding its funding of private and religious schools in developing countries.<ref>Multiple references: − *Richardson, Valerie (November 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/16/usaid-expands-funding-private-religious-schools-un/ USAID expands funding to private, religious schools under new global education policy]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2018. − *Berry, Susan (November 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/11/16/trump-administration-expands-international-education-funding-faith-based-groups/ Trump Administration Expands International Education Funding to Faith-Based Groups]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 20, 2018. − *Chandak, Neetu (November 17, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/11/17/trump-education-faith-children-developing-countries/ Trump Administration Expands Education Funding to Faith-Based, Private Sector Groups Helping Children in Developing Countries]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved November 20, 2018. − See also: − *Dorman, Sam (November 19, 2018). [https://ijr.com/conservative-usaid-funding-religious-non-state-education/ Conservative Leaders Praise Trump Admin’s Decision to Expand USAID Funding to Religious, Non-State Education]. ''Independent Journal Review''. Retrieved November 20, 2018.</ref> − [[File:Dedication ceremony of the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|225px|Dedication ceremony for the opening of the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem, May 14, 2018]] − [[File:Jerusalem Embassy (U.S.) plaque.jpg|thumb|200px|Plaque in the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem]] − *The Trump Administration took several actions related to Israel. By 2018, relations between President Trump and Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] were clearly and significantly better than Netanyahu's relationship with Obama.<ref>Multiple references: − *Singman, Brooke (March 5, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/05/netanyahu-gets-vip-treatment-from-trump-after-years-frosty-relations-with-obama.html Netanyahu gets VIP treatment from Trump after years of frosty relations with Obama]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 7, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (May 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/11/blue-state-blues-u-s-israel-relations-strongest-ever/ Blue State Blues: Thanks to Trump, U.S.-Israel Relations Are at Their Strongest Ever]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</ref> Under President Trump, U.S. policy toward Israel had become noticeably more supportive,<ref>Multiple references: − *Lederman, Josh; Lee, Matthew (April 25, 2018). [https://apnews.com/c114da79763840839c7c8f11ee698225/US-Embassy-move-in-Israel-emblematic-of-broader-policy-shift US Embassy move in Israel emblematic of broader policy shift]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 1, 2018. − *Klein, Philip (May 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columnists/trumps-radical-foreign-policy-idea-stand-with-israel Trump’s radical foreign policy idea: Stand with Israel]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 18, 2018. − See also: − *Khachatrian, Harry (May 29, 2018). [https://www.dailywire.com/news/31166/hold-trumps-israeli-policy-harry-khachatrian Trump’s Israel Policies Compared To The Last 12 Presidents]. ''The Daily Wire''. Retrieved October 28, 2018. − *Parke, Caleb (July 26, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/evangelicals-cheer-trump-administrations-pro-israel-policies Evangelicals cheer Trump administration's pro-Israel policies]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 28, 2018.</ref> as illustrated by voicing strong support for "Israel's right to defend itself" against threats such as [[Hamas]]<ref>Multiple references: − *Heretik, Jack (August 9, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-department-condemns-hamas-rocket-attacks-supports-israels-right-to-defend-itself/ State Department Condemns Hamas Rocket Attacks, Supports ‘Israel’s Right to Defend Itself’]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved August 11, 2018. − *Cortellessa, Eric (August 10, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-condemns-hamas-rocket-attacks-supports-israels-right-to-defend-itself/ US condemns Hamas rocket attacks, supports Israel’s right to defend itself]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved August 11, 2018. − *Tibon, Amir (August 9, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-u-s-condemns-hamas-says-supports-israel-s-right-to-self-defense-1.6364056 White House Condemns Hamas, Says 'Supports Israel's Right to Self-defense']. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved August 11, 2018. − See also: − *Chamberlain, Samuel (August 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/08/09/israel-orders-strong-action-against-hamas-as-rocket-fire-from-gaza-persists.html Israel orders 'strong action' against Hamas as rocket fire from Gaza persists]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 11, 2018.</ref> and a U.S. Navy ship docking at the Israeli port of Ashdod for the first time in nearly 20 years.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-israel-navy/u-s-navy-returns-to-israeli-port-in-sign-of-deep-alliance-idUSKCN1ML2IU U.S. Navy returns to Israeli port in sign of 'deep alliance']. ''Reuters''. October 11, 2018. Retrieved October 11, 2018. − *Keinon, Herb; Ahronheim, Anna (October 11, 2018). [https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Netanyahu-US-Navy-ship-visit-shows-support-for-Israeli-action-in-Syria-569246 Netanyahu: US Navy Ship Visit Shows Support for Israeli Action in Syria]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. Retrieved October 11, 2018.</ref> The Trump Administration also strongly supported Israel at the United Nations.<ref>Multiple references: − *Ordoñez, Franco (September 26, 2018). [https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/diplomacy/article219006515.html Nikki Haley champions Israel at the United Nations, irritating America’s allies]. ''McClatchy''. Retrieved October 28, 2018. − *Falk, Pamela (April 26, 2018). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nikki-haley-drives-donald-trump-israel-policy-at-un/ Nikki Haley drives Trump's Israel policy at U.N.] ''CBS News''. Retrieved October 28, 2018. − *Kampeas, Ron (October 9, 2018). [https://www.jta.org/2018/10/09/news-opinion/5-times-nikki-haley-delighted-pro-israel-community 5 times Nikki Haley delighted the pro-Israel community]. ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. Retrieved October 28, 2018. − *Danan, Deborah (November 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2018/11/20/nikki-haley-slams-un-for-equating-hamas-with-israel/ Nikki Haley Slams UN For Equating Hamas With Israel]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 20, 2018. − *Shaw, Adam (December 7, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/un-scorched-by-haley-israel-as-member-states-shield-hamas-from-condemnation UN scorched by Haley, Israel as member states shield Hamas from condemnation]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 7, 2018. − *Kent, Simon (December 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2018/12/19/watch-nikki-haley-slams-hopelessly-biased-u-n-approach-to-israel/ Watch: Nikki Haley Slams ‘Hopelessly Biased’ U.N. Approach to Israel]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 19, 2018. − See also: − *Hennigan, Adrian (March 8, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-what-does-nikki-haley-have-to-say-about-israel-1.5887006 What Does Nikki Haley Have to Say About Israel?] ''Haaretz''. Retrieved October 28, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2017/09/18/haley-uns-israel-bashing-slowing-trump-administration/ Haley: UN’s Israel Bashing Slowing Down Under Trump Administration]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''The Times of Israel''). Retrieved October 28, 2018.</ref> − **April 2018—The United States submitted a position paper to a Geneva preparatory committee for a nuclear non-proliferation conference that aligned itself with Israel's position that it should not be required to discuss giving up nuclear weapons without recognition by all Middle Eastern nations of its right to exist.<ref>Multiple references: − *Levinson, Chaim (May 2, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-u-s-adopts-israeli-stance-on-nuclear-free-middle-east-1.6050341 Trump Reverses U.S. Policy: Israeli Nukes Not Up for Debate Until Mideast States Recognize Country's Right to Exist]. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *[https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/173750-180502-us-says-israel-not-to-give-up-nukes-until-security-concerns-quelled-reports New US policy says no debate on Israeli nukes until country recognized: report]. ''i24NEWS''. May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *[https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201805021064076230-israel-nuclear-weapons-recognition/ US: Israeli Nukes Not Up For Debate Until State is Recognized by Arab Neighbors]. ''Sputnik''. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</ref> − **May 14, 2018—The U.S. officially moved its embassy in Israel to [[Jerusalem]], fulfilling an important campaign promise and something done after President Trump officially recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 2017.<ref name="JerusalemEmbassyOpens">Multiple references: − *Singman, Brooke; Berger, Judson (May 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/14/us-opens-embassy-in-jerusalem-recognizing-city-as-true-capital-israel.html US opens embassy in Jerusalem, recognizing city as ‘true capital’ of Israel]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (May 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/14/donald-trump-officially-opens-us-embassy-historic-sacred-land-jerusalem/ Donald Trump Officially Opens U.S. Embassy in ‘Historic and Sacred Land of Jerusalem’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (May 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/15/jerusalem-embassy-opening-a-ray-of-light/ Jerusalem Embassy Opening: A Ray of Light]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *Schwartz, Felicia (May 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-embassy-in-jerusalem-opens-to-a-fraught-climate-1526237356 U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem Opens to a Fraught Climate]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Williams, Dan (May 14, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-usa/israeli-joy-palestinian-fury-over-u-s-embassy-launch-in-jerusalem-idUSKCN1IF1Q7 Israeli joy, Palestinian fury over U.S. embassy launch in Jerusalem]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (May 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/387574-us-opens-embassy-in-jerusalem-amid-violence U.S. opens embassy in Jerusalem amid violence]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Domonoske, Camila (May 14, 2018). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/14/610944471/u-s-dedicates-new-embassy-in-jerusalem U.S. Dedicates New Embassy In Jerusalem]. ''NPR''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − Pictures of the events: − *[https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/world/2018/05/13/us-embassy-moves-to-jerusalem/34873575/ U.S. Embassy moves to Jerusalem]. ''USA Today''. May 13, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − See also: − *Jones, Rory; Lieber, Dov (May 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/5-things-to-know-about-the-u-s-embassys-move-to-jerusalem-1526310735 5 Things to Know About the U.S. Embassy’s Move to Jerusalem]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (May 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2018/05/14/gidley-embassy-move-jerusalem-another-promise-trump-kept/ Hogan Gidley: Embassy Move to Jerusalem Another Promise Donald Trump Has Kept]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − Positive reactions to the move: − *Pollak, Joel B. (May 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/13/thank-president-trump-walls-jerusalem-eve-embassy-move/ ‘Thank You President Trump’ on Walls of Jerusalem on Eve of Embassy Move]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (May 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/14/netanyahu-to-trump-at-u-s-embassy-opening-by-recognizing-history-you-have-made-history/ Netanyahu to Trump at U.S. Embassy Opening: ‘By Recognizing History You Have Made History’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *[https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-washington-to-jerusalem-1526338677 From Washington to Jerusalem]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Srdoc, Natasha; Samy, Joel Anand (May 14, 2018). [https://www.westernjournal.com/americas-embassy-opening-in-jerusalem-affirms-israels-sovereignty/ America’s Embassy Opening in Jerusalem Affirms Israel’s Sovereignty]. ''The Western Journal''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − Reactions from American Christians: − *Starr, Penny (May 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/13/exclusive-american-christians-celebrate-historic-opening-u-s-embassy-jerusalem/ Exclusive: American Christians Celebrate Historic Opening of U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Nance, Penny Young (May 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/05/14/penny-nance-here-is-why-us-embassy-move-to-jerusalem-is-so-important-to-american-christians.html Penny Nance: Here is why the US Embassy move to Jerusalem is so important to American Christians]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Klukowski, Ken; Pollak, Joel B. (May 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/15/jerusalem-evangelical-white-house-faith-leaders-praise-trump/ Evangelical Christian Leaders Praise Trump and Thank Americans of Faith in Jerusalem]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 15, 2018.</ref> While not attending in person, President Trump celebrated the move and recorded a video message for the ceremonies.<ref>Multiple references: − *Persons, Sally (May 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/14/donald-trump-celebrates-opening-of-new-us-embassy-/ Trump celebrates opening of new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Morrongiello, Gabby (May 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-celebrates-historic-opening-of-us-embassy-in-jerusalem Trump celebrates historic opening of US Embassy in Jerusalem]. ''The Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Manchester, Julia (May 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/387554-trump-delivers-recorded-remarks-at-us-embassy-opening-in-jerusalem Trump offers hope for peace in recorded remarks at US Embassy opening in Jerusalem]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-usa-embassy-trump/trump-in-message-to-jerusalem-embassy-ceremony-u-s-fully-committed-to-peace-idUSKCN1IF1T0 Trump, in message to Jerusalem embassy ceremony: U.S. fully committed to peace]. ''Reuters''. May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Kugle, Andrew (May 14, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-addresses-audience-embassy-dedication-jerusalem/ Trump Addresses Audience at Embassy Dedication in Jerusalem]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *[https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/politics/2018/may/trump-we-finally-acknowledge-the-obvious-that-jerusalem-is-israel-rsquo-s-capital Trump: 'We Finally Acknowledge the Obvious, that Jerusalem Is Israel’s Capital']. ''CBN News''. May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − President Trump had stated that the cost to move the embassy was significantly less than originally planned: − *Nelson, Steven (April 27, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-says-he-saved-999-5-million-on-jerusalem-embassy-may-attend-opening Trump says he saved $999.5 million on Jerusalem embassy, may attend opening]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 14, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (October 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/06/trump-touts-saving-1b-and-20-years-on-moving-embassy-to-jerusalem/ Trump Touts Saving $1B and 20 Years on Moving Embassy to Jerusalem]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 7, 2018. − See also: − *Gryboski, Michael (May 14, 2018). [https://www.christianpost.com/news/trump-you-have-made-history-5-important-quotes-from-us-embassy-in-jerusalem-ceremony-223982/ 'Trump, You Have Made History': 5 Important Quotes From US Embassy in Jerusalem Ceremony]. ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved May 14, 2018.</ref> − **The Trump Administration illustrated its pro-Israel stance by cutting its foreign aid to UNRWA<ref name="TrumpUNRWA"/> and to the Palestinian Authority.<ref name="Palestine8/24/2018"/> − **September 10, 2018—The Trump Administration announced it would close the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]]'s mission in Washington, D.C., because of the Palestinians' unwillingness to engage in peace talks and their efforts to get the [[International Criminal Court]] to prosecute Israel.<ref name="ICC,PLO2018">Holland, Steve (September 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-icc/trump-administration-takes-aim-at-international-criminal-court-plo-idUSKCN1LQ076 Trump administration takes aim at International Criminal Court, PLO]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 11, 2018.</ref><ref>Multiple references: − *O'Reilly, Andrew (September 10, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/10/trump-administration-closing-plo-mission-in-washington.html Trump administration closing PLO mission in Washington]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Muñoz, Gabriella (September 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/10/trump-administration-plans-on-closing-plo-office-i/ Trump administration plans on closing PLO office in D.C.] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Jones, Emily (September 10, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2018/september/trump-administration-plo-office-in-washington-to-be-closed Trump Administration: PLO Office in Washington to be Closed]. ''CNB News''. Retrieved September 11, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew; George, Susannah (September 10, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/a2190443fba54a548a04a0ebbca9c2e8/Trump-administration-orders-closure-of-Palestinian-office Trump administration orders closure of Palestinian office]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Birnbaum, Emily (September 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/405873-state-department-announces-closure-of-plo-mission-in-washington State Department announces closure of PLO mission in Washington]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Ryan, Missy; Gearan, Anne; DeYoung, Karen (September 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-expected-to-warn-of-sanctions-other-penalties-if-international-court-moves-against-americans/2018/09/09/9c47bd64-b2b2-11e8-9a6a-565d92a3585d_story.html U.S. to close Palestinian office in Washington, citing lack of progress on peace process with Israel]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/10/trump-administration-orders-closure-of-plos-washington-mission-citing-palestinian-misbehavior/ Trump Administration Orders Closure of PLO’s Washington Mission Citing Palestinian Misbehavior]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''The Jerusalem Post''). September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − The U.S. reportedly revoked the PLO envoy's visas and froze PLO bank accounts: − *Danan, Deborah (September 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/17/u-s-revokes-plo-envoys-visas-as-washington-mission-shuttered/ U.S. Revokes PLO Envoy’s Visas as Washington Mission Shuttered]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 19, 2018. − *Bayoumy, Yara (September 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-palestinians/us-state-department-revokes-plo-ambassador-family-visas-envoy-idUSKCN1LW0RE U.S. State Department revokes PLO ambassador family visas: envoy]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 19, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/17/report-trump-admin-freezes-plo-bank-accounts-in-u-s/ Report: Trump Admin Freezes PLO Bank Accounts in U.S.]. ''Breitbart News''. September 17, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018. − See also: − *Kent, Simon (September 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/09/10/plo-fury-as-u-s-shutters-palestinian-embassy-in-washington/ PLO Fury as U.S. Set to Shutter Palestinian Embassy in Washington]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 10, 2018. − *Gordon, Michael R.; Schwartz, Felicia (September 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-orders-shutdown-of-plo-office-in-washington-1536595260 U.S. Pressure on Palestinians Raises Middle East Tension]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 11, 2018.</ref> − **October 18, 2018—The Trump Administration announced it would close its Jerusalem consulate dealing with Palestinian issues and merge it into the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem.<ref>Multiple references: − *Schwartz, Felicia (October 18, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-closes-jerusalem-consulate-serving-palestinians-1539882780 U.S. Closes Jerusalem Consulate Serving Palestinians]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Kelly, Laura (October 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/18/us-closes-diplomatic-mission-palestinian-authority/ U.S. closes diplomatic mission to Palestinian Authority, merges with U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Keller, Megan (October 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/412046-us-incorporates-diplomatic-office-for-palestinians-into-jerusalem US incorporates diplomatic office for Palestinians into Jerusalem embassy]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Fulbright, Alexander (October 18, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-blow-to-palestinians-us-places-jerusalem-consulate-under-embassy/ In blow to Palestinians, US places Jerusalem consulate under embassy]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew (October 18, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/d586cb33f7a1461e9ceae0915a101cbc US downgrades Jerusalem diplomatic mission to Palestinians]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-jerusalem-embassy/us-to-merge-jerusalem-consulate-in-to-new-embassy-idUSKCN1MS27C U.S. to merge Jerusalem consulate in to new embassy]. ''Reuters''. October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Ravid, Barak (October 18, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/united-states-consulate-general-palestinian-diplomacy-6658207a-0b31-4401-9672-9b2f40089b59.html U.S. downgrades its diplomatic mission to Palestinians]. ''Axios''. Retrieved October 18, 2018.</ref> − **November 16, 2018—For the first time, the U.S. voted against – rather than abstaining, as it previously did – an annual UN resolution calling on Israel to withdraw from the [[Golan Heights]], marking a significant shift in U.S. policy.<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (November 16, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-hardens-pro-israel-stance-at-un-votes-down-resolution-on-golan-heights US hardens pro-Israel stance at UN, votes against resolution on Golan Heights]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 16, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-usa-syria/us-opposes-un-golan-resolution-wins-israeli-praise-idUSKCN1NL19K U.S. opposes U.N. Golan resolution, wins Israeli praise]. ''Reuters''. November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *[https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-first-us-votes-against-un-resolution-condemning-israeli-presence-in-golan/ In first, US votes against UN resolution condemning Israeli presence in Golan]. ''The Times of Israel''. November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *Lazaroff, Tovah (November 17, 2018). [https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/For-first-time-US-opposes-UNGA-call-to-return-Golan-to-Syria-572151 For First Times U.S. Opposes UNGA Call to Return Golan to Syria]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *Tibon, Amir (November 16, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/in-first-u-s-votes-against-un-resolution-condemning-israeli-control-of-golan-heights-1.6657881 In First, U.S. Votes Against UN Resolution Condemning Israeli Control of Golan Heights]. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *Goodenough, Patrick (November 16, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/after-abstaining-22-years-us-will-vote-against-useless-annual-un After Abstaining For 22 Years, US Will Vote Against ‘Useless’ Annual UN Resolution on Golan Heights]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *Berrien, Hank (November 16, 2018). [https://www.dailywire.com/news/38435/excellent-trump-first-time-us-will-vote-against-hank-berrien Excellent Trump: For The First Time, U.S. Will Vote Against U.N.'s Anti-Israel Golan Heights Resolution]. ''The Daily Wire''. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/middle-east/2018/11/18/u-s-opposes-anti-israel-golan-heights-u-n-draft-resolution/ U.S. Opposes Anti-Israel Golan Heights U.N. Draft Resolution]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''The Algemeiner''). November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018. − *Holmes, Oliver (November 16, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/16/us-israel-golan-heights-syria-un-resolution-oppose US to oppose UN motion condemning Israeli control of Golan Heights]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved November 18, 2018.</ref> − *The Trump Administration continued taking a tough stance against Iran.<ref>Stewart, Phil (July 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-explainer/where-is-trump-headed-with-his-tougher-policy-toward-iran-idUSKBN1KL2JY Where is Trump headed with his tougher policy toward Iran?] ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 31, 2018.<br>Regarding Iran's harassment of U.S. Navy ships: − *Lubold, Gordon; Youssef, Nancy A. (January 26, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/irans-fast-boats-stop-harassing-u-s-navy-baffling-military-1516897301 Iran’s Fast Boats Stop Harassing U.S. Navy, Baffling Military]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − *Nazarian, Adelle (January 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/26/irans-fast-boats-temporarily-refrain-harassing-u-s-navy-persian-gulf/ Iran’s Fast Boats Temporarily Refrain from Harassing U.S. Navy in Persian Gulf]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − *Tomlinson, Lucas; Griffin, Jennifer (July 5, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/05/us-navy-no-sign-iranian-harassment-american-warships-in-2018.html US Navy: No sign of Iranian harassment of American warships in 2018]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − *Pickrell, Ryan (July 5, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/07/05/iran-harassment-us-ships/ Iran has Completely Stopped Harassing US Ships]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − *Lifson, Thomas (July 6, 2018). [https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2018/07/iran_has_completely_stopped_harassing_us_ships_now_that_strong_trump_replaced_weakling_obama.html Iran has completely stopped harassing US ships now that strong Trump replaced weakling Obama]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − *Lockie, Alex (March 24, 2018). [https://www.businessinsider.com/iran-humiliated-us-navy-obama-stopped-under-trump-2018-3 Iran harassed and humiliated the US Navy under Obama — here's why it stopped under Trump]. ''Business Insider''. Retrieved August 20, 2018. − The Trump Administration's tough stance on Iran was criticized by left-wing UN officials: − *Evansky, Ben; Shaw, Adam (August 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/25/as-trump-administration-tightens-screws-on-iran-top-un-official-cries-foul.html As Trump administration tightens screws on Iran, top UN official cries foul]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 25, 2018. − See also: − *Axelrod, Tal (August 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/404514-trump-credits-his-policies-on-iran-regime-now Trump credits his policies for Iran instability: 'Now it's a question of will they survive']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 31, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (October 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/25/trump-iran-crackdown-praised-during-1983-beirut-bo/ Trump praised for crackdown of Iran while commemorating 1983 Beirut bombing]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 25, 2018. − *Gordon, Michael R. (November 4, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-digs-in-for-a-long-cold-war-with-iran-1541329200 Trump Digs In for a Long, Cold War With Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</ref> Here are some of the actions taken against the country: − **January 2018—President Trump, along with his administration, continued his strong public support of anti-government protests in Iran that started late in the previous year, and he even criticized Obama for his weak Iran policies.<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (January 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/01/trump-haley-declare-america-stands-iranian-people-12-killed-protests/ Trump, Haley Declare America Stands with the Iranian People After 12 Killed in Protests]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (January 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/03/donald-trump-promises-great-support-iran-protesters/ Donald Trump Promises ‘Great Support’ for Iran Protesters]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 3, 2018. − *Landler, Mark (January 2, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/02/us/politics/trump-iran-protesters.html Trump Reiterates Support for Iranian Protesters, but Also Criticizes Obama]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved January 3, 2018. − President Trump's administration also voiced support for the Iranian protesters: − *Hayward, John (January 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/03/mike-pence-contrasts-trump-on-iran-with-failure-to-support-freedom-in-the-last-administration/ Mike Pence Contrasts Trump on Iran with ‘Failure to Support Freedom in the Last Administration’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 3, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy (January 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/4/trump-administration-threatens-punish-iranian-offi/ Trump taunts Tehran: Punishment is coming for Iranian officials who crush protests]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 5, 2018. − See also: − *Shawn, Eric (January 13, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/01/13/iran-protesters-thank-trump-call-for-stronger-sanctions.html Iran protesters thank Trump, call for stronger sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 17, 2018. − *Nazarian, Adelle (January 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/16/thank-you-president-trump-iranian-protesters-thank-potus-call-for-human-rights-sanctions/ Iranian Protesters Say ‘Thank You President Trump’ for Human Rights Stance]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved Janaury 17, 2018.</ref> − **January 4, 2018—The Trump Administration sanctioned five Iranian entities with ties to the country's missile program.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/iranian-anti-government-protests-appear-to-wane-/4192273.html US Sanctions 5 Entities Tied to Iran Missile Program]. ''Voice of America''. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-sanctions-ballistic-missile-program-mnichkin-u-s/28955437.html U.S. Sanctions Five Iranian Companies For Involvement In Ballistic-Missile Program]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018. − *Johnson, Natalie (January 4, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/u-s-sanctions-five-firms-tied-irans-ballistic-missile-program/ U.S. Sanctions Five Firms Tied to Iran’s Ballistic Missile Program]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved January 5, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/01/05/u-s-sanctions-five-iranian-entities-tied-missile-program/ U.S. Sanctions Five Iranian Entities Tied to Missile Program]. ''Breitbart News''. January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref> − **February 2, 2018—The Trump Administration enacted sanctions on six people and seven companies connected to [[Hezbollah]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (February 2, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/02/trump-administration-pushing-back-on-iran-s-influence-slaps-fresh-sanctions-on-hezbollah.html Trump administration, pushing back on Iran’s influence, slaps fresh sanctions on Hezbollah]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 3, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-hits-hezbollahs-financial-network-with-new-sanctions/4236304.html US Imposes Sanctions that Aim to Cripple Hezbollah Militant Group]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved February 3, 2018. − *Holland, Steve (February 2, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hezbollah-sanctions/u-s-sanctions-six-people-seven-firms-under-rules-targeting-hezbollah-idUSKBN1FM20E U.S. sanctions six people, seven firms under rules targeting Hezbollah]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved February 3, 2018. − *[https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-targets-hezbollah-financier-with-sanctions/ Taking aim at Iran, US hits Hezbollah with new sanctions]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved February 3, 2018. − *[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-administration-hits-hezbollah-with-new-terror-sanctions-iran/ Trump administration hits Hezbollah with new sanctions]. ''CBS News''. February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.</ref> − **May 8, 2018—President Trump announced the U.S. would leave the [[Iran nuclear deal]] due to its serious flaws and signed a memorandum to that effect, keeping a major campaign promise.<ref>Multiple references: − *Spiering, Charlie (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/08/promise-kept-donald-trump-announces-decision-withdraw-iran-deal/ Promise Kept: Donald Trump Announces Decision to Withdraw from Iran Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Pappas, Alex (May 8, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/08/trump-vows-to-withdraw-from-iran-nuclear-agreement-calls-pact-defective-at-its-core.html Trump vows to withdraw from Iran nuclear agreement, calls pact ‘defective at its core’]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Holland, Steve (May 8, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear/trump-abandons-defective-iran-nuclear-deal-to-revive-sanctions-idUSKBN1I90D6 Trump abandons 'defective' Iran nuclear deal, to revive sanctions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Gordon, Michael R.; Ballhaus, Rebecca (May 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-withdraw-u-s-from-iran-accord-1525800212 Trump Withdraws U.S. From Iran Accord]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca; Fabian, Jordan (May 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/386656-trump-pulls-us-out-of-iran-deal Trump pulls US out of Iran nuke deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Miller, S.A.; Boyer, Dave (May 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/8/donald-trump-slaps-sanctions-iran-after-formally-w/ Trump makes good on Iran threat]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Jackson, David (May 8, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/08/trump-set-announce-his-iran-nuclear-deal-decision-blasts-kerry/589417002/ Donald Trump pulls the United States out of the nuclear deal with Iran, renews sanctions]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Lucey, Catherine; Lederman, Josh (May 8, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/cead755353a1455bbef08ef289448994/Trump-declares-US-leaving-'horrible'-Iran-nuclear-accord Trump declares US leaving ‘horrible’ Iran nuclear accord]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − The Israeli government reacted positively while European countries opposed the move: − *Newman, Marissa (May 8, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-israel-fully-supports-trumps-bold-pullout-from-iran-deal/ Netanyahu: Israel ‘fully supports’ Trump’s ‘bold’ pullout from Iran deal]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Klein, Aaron (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/05/08/netanyahu-praises-trumps-bold-decision-bolt-deal-terrorist-iran-regime/ Netanyahu Praises Trump’s ‘Bold Decision’ to Bolt Deal with ‘Terrorist’ Iran Regime]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Nazarian, Adelle (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/08/england-germany-france-express-regret-concern-trumps-decision-withdraw-iran-nuclear-deal/ England, Germany, France Express ‘Regret and Concern’ over Iran Nuclear Deal Withdrawal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − President Trump's domestic supporters reacted positively: − *Mason, Ian (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/08/trump-supporters-elated-president-ends-iran-nuclear-deal/ Trump Supporters Elated as President Ends Iran Nuclear Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − A more critical conservative reaction: − *Shaw, C. Mitchell (May 9, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29020-are-trump-s-actions-on-iran-nuclear-deal-a-precursor-to-war Are Trump’s Actions on Iran Nuclear Deal a Precursor to War?] ''The New American''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Shaw, C. Mitchell (May 10, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29030-trump-s-warning-to-iran-brings-up-question-is-it-possible-to-start-a-nuclear-program-if-iran-already-has-one Trump's Warning to Iran Brings Up Question: Is It Possible to "Start" a Nuclear Program if Iran Already Has One?] ''The New American''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − See also: − *Stanage, Niall (May 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/386814-five-takeaways-from-trumps-iran-announcement Five takeaways from Trump’s Iran announcement]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/08/leaving-iran-deal-trump-ends-obamas-legacy-appeasement-autocracy/ Pollak: In Leaving Iran Deal, Trump Ends Obama’s Legacy of Appeasement]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2018. − *Carney, John (May 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/08/11-know-sanctions-iran-deal/ 11 Things You Should Know About Iran Sanctions Now That Nuke Deal Is Dead]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (May 13, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/387366-trump-roils-the-globe-with-iran-deal-withdrawal Trump roils the globe with Iran deal withdrawal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *McKay, Hollie (August 7, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/08/07/us-withdrawal-from-iran-deal-helping-wind-down-yemen-war-officials-say.html US withdrawal from Iran deal helping wind down Yemen war, officials say]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − Numerous companies announced they would stop doing business with Iran because of the reimposed U.S. sanctions: − *Boylan, Dan (July 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/8/klm-cma-cgm-join-companies-pulling-business-iran-o/ More major multinationals cease business with Iran over reimposed U.S. sanctions]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 8, 2018. − *Wald, Ellen R. (June 6, 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenrwald/2018/06/06/10-companies-leaving-iran-as-trumps-sanctions-close-in/#56297f76c90f 10 Companies Leaving Iran As Trump's Sanctions Close In]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved July 8, 2018.</ref> Two days later, the U.S., acting with the [[United Arab Emirates]], enacted sanctions on nine Iranian individuals and companies giving U.S. dollars to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard's Quds Force.<ref>Multiple references: − *Talley, Ian (May 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-iranian-currency-exchange-operations-in-the-u-a-e-1525973587 U.S. Raises Pressure on Iran With Sanctions on Currency Exchange]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley (May 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions/u-s-sanctions-iran-currency-network-after-trump-pulls-out-of-nuclear-deal-idUSKBN1IB2I3 U.S., UAE crack down on network for smuggling funds to elite Iran group]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Olorunnipa, Toluse (May 10, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-10/u-s-issues-sanctions-on-iran-linked-currency-exchange-network U.S. Issues Sanctions on Iran-Linked Currency Exchange Network]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref> − **May 15, 2018—The Treasury Department enacted terror sanctions on several people and entities accused of funding [[Hezbollah]], including the governor of Iran’s central bank.<ref>Multiple references: − *Gordon, Michael R. (May 15, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-irans-central-bank-governor-alleges-hezbollah-ties-1526413596 U.S. Sanctions Iran’s Central Bank Governor, Alleges Hezbollah Ties]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (May 15, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/15/trump-administration-hits-irans-central-bank-with-terror-sanctions.html Trump administration hits Iran's central bank with terror sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (May 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/15/u-s-hits-terror-supporting-iranian-bank-officials-and-iraqi-bank-with-financial-sanction/ U.S. Hits Terror-Supporting Iranian Bank Officials and Iraqi Bank with Financial Sanctions]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 16, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley (May 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions/u-s-imposes-sanctions-on-irans-central-bank-chief-others-idUSKCN1IG2AC U.S. imposes sanctions on Iran central bank governor]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *Shubber, Kadhim; Chassany, Anne-Sylvaine; Keohane; David; Peel, Michael (May 15, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/170c6064-5849-11e8-b8b2-d6ceb45fa9d0 US sanctions target Iran central bank governor]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *Brokaw, Sommer (May 15, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/05/15/US-sanctions-financial-leaders-in-Iran-Iraq-over-Hezbollah-funds/9301526401113/ U.S. sanctions financial leaders in Iran, Iraq over Hezbollah funds]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 15, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sanctions-head-of-irans-central-bank/4394812.html New US Sanctions Target Iran's Money Transfers to Hezbollah]. ''Voice of America''. May 15, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2018.</ref> The following day, the U.S., in coordination with Gulf states, enacted sanctions on Hezbollah's senior leadership.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hezbollah-sanctions/u-s-sanctions-hezbollah-leader-nasrallah-deputy-qassem-idUSKCN1IH2QA U.S. sanctions Hezbollah leader Nasrallah, deputy Qassem]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 16, 2018. − *[https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/u-s-imposes-new-sanctions-on-top-two-hezbollah-officials-in-lebanon-1.6095457 U.S. Imposes New Sanctions on Top Hezbollah Officials in Lebanon, Including Nasrallah]. ''Haaretz'' (from ''Reuters''). May 16, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018. − *Manchester, Julia (May 16, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/388014-us-sanctions-hezbollah-chief-in-joint-action-with-gulf-allies US sanctions Hezbollah chief in joint action with Gulf allies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 16, 2018. − *Lederman, Josh (May 16, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/a90e65e8af5142ffaad8d82eeca3c698/US,-Qatar,-Gulf-nations-join-to-bolster-Hezbollah-sanctions US, Qatar, Gulf nations join to bolster Hezbollah sanctions]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 16, 2018. − *Mohsin, Saleha (May 16, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-16/u-s-sanctions-head-of-hezbollah-in-joint-action-with-qatar-jh9ilw52 U.S. Sanctions Head of Hezbollah in Joint Action With Qatar]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</ref> The U.S. enacted additional sanctions on individuals and entities linked to malign Iranian activities on several other days, including May 17,<ref>Multiple references: − *Talley, Ian (May 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-treasury-sanctions-a-top-hezbollah-financier-and-representative-to-iran-1526582699 U.S. Treasury Sanctions a Top Hezbollah Financier and Representative to Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 22, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley (May 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-usa-hezbollah/u-s-imposes-fresh-hezbollah-related-sanctions-idUSKCN1II2LD New U.S. sanctions hit at Hezbollah-linked financier, companies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 22, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (May 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/us-sanctions-hezbollah-officials-working-to-aid-irans-agriculture-sector US sanctions Hezbollah officials working to aid Iran's agriculture sector]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.</ref> May 22,<ref>Multiple references: − *Nazarian, Adelle (May 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/22/us-treasury-department-sanctions-five-irgc-linked-iranians-for-aiding-houthis-in-yemen/ U.S. Treasury Sanctions Five IRGC-Linked Iranians for Aiding Houthis in Yemen]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 22, 2018. − *Talley, Ian (May 22, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-iran-for-supplying-missiles-to-yemens-houthis-1527006421 U.S. Widens Iran Sanctions for Supplying Missiles to Yemen’s Houthis]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 22, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions/us-sanctions-five-iranians-it-says-assisted-yemens-houthis-idUSKCN1IN1Z9 U.S. sanctions five Iranians it says assisted Yemen's Houthis]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 22, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-sanctions-five-iranians-for-assisting-yemen-s-huthis/29243796.html U.S. Sanctions Five Iranians For Assisting Yemen's Huthis]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.</ref> and May 30.<ref>Multiple references: − *Talley, Ian (May 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-irans-evin-prison-broadcasting-chief-and-others-alleging-human-rights-abuses-1527705343 U.S. Sanctions Iran’s Evin Prison, Broadcasting Chief and Others, Alleging Human Rights Abuses]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Nazarian, Adelle (May 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/30/iran-notorious-evin-prison-irib-sanctioned-for-serious-human-rights-abuses-censorship/ U.S. Sanctions Iran’s Notorious Evin Prison for ‘Sexual Assaults, Electric Shock’ Attacks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Lipin, Michael (May 30, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sanctions-iranian-entities-individuals-for-abusing-human-rights/4416724.html US Sanctions Iranian Entities, Individuals for Abusing Human Rights]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Lane, Sylvan (May 30, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/389894-new-us-sanctions-target-iran-for-human-rights-abuses-censorship New US sanctions target Iran for human rights abuses, censorship]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</ref> By May 2018, proposed U.S. sanctions against Iran were already having an effect on shipping to the country.<ref>Paris, Costas; Chiu, Joanne (May 29, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-start-to-pinch-shipping-in-iran-1527586200 U.S. Sanctions Start to Pinch Shipping in Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</ref> − **August 6, 2018—President Trump signed an executive order reimposing many of the U.S. sanctions on Iran that existed before the nuclear deal.<ref>Multiple references: − *Edson, Rich (August 6, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/06/trump-reinstates-iran-sanctions-slams-horrible-nuclear-deal.html Trump reinstates Iran sanctions, slams 'horrible' nuclear deal]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (August 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/06/trump-signs-executive-order-restoring-sanctions-iran/ Donald Trump Signs Executive Order Restoring Sanctions on Iran]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Gordon, Michael R. (August 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-reimpose-sanctions-targeting-iranian-economy-1533565830 U.S. to Reimpose Sanctions Targeting Iranian Economy]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Adelmann, Bob (August 7, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/29734-trumps-iran-sanctions-already-biting Trump’s Iran Sanctions Already Biting]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (August 6, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/400525-trump-administration-reimposes-iran-nuclear-deal-sanctions Trump reimposes Iran nuclear deal sanctions]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Morrongiello, Gabby (August 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-imposes-first-round-of-sanctions-against-iran-since-nuclear-deal-exit Trump imposes first round of sanctions against Iran since nuclear deal exit]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Jackson, David (August 6, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/06/donald-trump-reimposes-economic-sanctions-iran/912919002/ Donald Trump reimposes economic sanctions on Iran]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Bredemeier, Ken (August 6, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-reimposes-iranian-economic-sanctions/4515744.html Trump Reimposes Economic Sanctions on Iran]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Cortellessa, Eric (August 6, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-signs-order-on-new-iran-sanctions-says-us-policy-is-pressure/ Trump reimposes Iran sanctions, says goal is ‘maximum pressure’]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − *Morello, Carol (August 7, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-restores-some-iran-sanctions-lifted-under-nuclear-deal/2018/08/06/f13bbb02-9973-11e8-b60b-1c897f17e185_story.html U.S. moves to restore some Iran sanctions lifted under nuclear deal]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − See also: − *Nazarian, Adelle (August 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/06/pompeo-iran-changes-sanctions-lifted/ Pompeo: Iran Must Make ‘Enormous Changes’ to Get Sanctions Lifted]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 6, 2018. − *Williams, Dan (August 21, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-bolton-interview/sanctions-on-iran-having-effect-but-regime-change-is-not-u-s-policy-bolton-idUSKCN1L70A1 Sanctions on Iran having effect, but regime change is not U.S. policy: Bolton]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 21, 2018.</ref> The sanctions went into effect at midnight between August 6 and 7.<ref>Multiple references: − *Brown, Benjamin (August 7, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/07/trump-renews-biting-sanctions-against-iran-warns-countries-doing-business-with-tehran.html Trump renews 'biting sanctions' against Iran, warns countries doing business with Tehran]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − *Hafezi, Parisa (August 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear/new-trump-sanctions-on-iran-take-effect-despite-pleas-from-allies-idUSKBN1KS13I New Trump sanctions on Iran take effect despite pleas from allies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 7, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/iran-sanctions-trump/4516800.html Trump Reimposes Iranian Economic Sanctions]. ''Voice of America''. August 7, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.</ref> On November 2, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would reimpose all remaining sanctions on Iran,<ref>Multiple references: − *Edson, Rich (November 2, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-targets-core-areas-of-irans-economy-by-imposing-series-of-sanctions Trump targets ‘core areas of Iran’s economy’ by reinstating tough sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Talley, Ian (November 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-iran-sanctions-looming-u-s-confronts-a-world-full-of-potential-gaps-1541170553 As New Iran Sanctions Loom, U.S. Aims to Plug Gaps]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (November 2, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/414526-trump-set-to-reimpose-all-nuclear-sanctions-on-iran Trump set to reimpose all nuclear sanctions on Iran]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46071747 Trump administration to reinstate all Iran sanctions]. ''BBC News''. November 2, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew (November 2, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/2/us-reimposes-all-iran-sanctions-lifted-under-nucle/ U.S. restores Iran sanctions lifted under Obama nuclear deal]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved November 3, 2018. − See also: − *Shaw, Adam; Berger, Judson (November 2, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sanctions-are-coming-trump-invokes-game-of-thrones-to-announce-iran-crackdown 'Sanctions are Coming': Trump invokes 'Game of Thrones' to announce Iran crackdown]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Fitch, Asa (November 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/5-things-to-know-about-new-u-s-sanctions-on-iran-1541173305 5 Things to Know About New U.S. Sanctions on Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Faucon, Benoit; Puko, Timothy; Said, Summer (November 1, 2018). [Over a Barrel: U.S. Pushes Middle East Deals Ahead of Iran Oil Ban]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Lee, Matthew; George, Susannah (October 29, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/29/trump-faces-complaints-that-new-iran-sanctions-are/ Trump faces complaints that new Iran sanctions are too weak]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 2, 2018.</ref> though it granted exemptions to eight countries.<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (November 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/11/02/u-s-grants-iran-sanctions-waivers-to-china-india-south-korea-japan/ U.S. Grants Iran Sanctions Waivers to China, India, South Korea, Japan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Talley, Ian; McBride, Courtney (November 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-issue-eight-waivers-for-oil-countries-under-iran-sanctions-1541172994 U.S. to Issue Eight Waivers for Oil Countries Under Iran Sanctions]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Mohammed, Arshad; Wroughton, Lesley; Zengerle, Patricia (November 2, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/u-s-allows-eight-importers-to-keep-buying-iran-oil-for-now-idUSKCN1N70OZ U.S. allows eight importers to keep buying Iran oil for now]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *DiChristopher, Tom (November 2, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/02/trump-will-grant-8-waivers-to-import-sanctioned-iranian-oil.html Trump will grant 8 waivers to buy Iranian oil, allowing imports beyond US sanctions deadline]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − See also: − *Siegal, Josh (November 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/energy/trump-succeeds-in-punishing-iran-without-spiking-oil-prices-for-now Trump succeeds in punishing Iran without spiking oil prices — for now]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 3, 2018.</ref> The sanctions and waivers went into effect on November 5, 2018.<ref>Multiple references: − *Edson, Rich (November 5, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-administration-officially-restores-iran-sanctions Trump administration officially restores Iran sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 5, 2018. − *Talley, Ian; McBride, Courtney (November 5, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-re-imposes-sanctions-against-iran-oil-banking-and-shipping-sectors-1541425059 U.S. Issues Eight Waivers From Iran Oil Sanctions]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 5, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (November 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/5/us-reimposes-iran-sanctions-maximum-pressure-campa/ U.S. reimposes Iran sanctions in 'maximum pressure' campaign]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 5, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley; Hafezi, Parisa (November 5, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/u-s-reimposes-iran-sanctions-tehran-decries-bullying-idUSKCN1NA0ZR U.S. reimposes Iran sanctions, Tehran decries 'bullying']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 5, 2018. − *Pamuk, Humeyra; Gardner, Timothy (November 5, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions-oil/u-s-renews-iran-sanctions-grants-oil-waivers-to-china-seven-others-idUSKCN1NA0O8 U.S. renews Iran sanctions, grants oil waivers to China, seven others]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 5, 2018. − See also: − *Kheel, Rebecca (November 5, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/414881-trump-granting-sanctions-waivers-to-three-iranian-civil-nuclear-projects Trump granting sanctions waivers to three Iranian civil nuclear projects]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 5, 2018.</ref> − **October 3, 2018—After the International Court of Justice ruled that the United States could not impose certain sanctions on Iran because it violated the 1955 Treaty of Amity between the two countries, the Trump Administration withdrew the U.S. from that treaty, as well as from an optional protocol of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.<ref name="IranTreaty">Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (October 3, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pompeo-pulls-out-of-treaty-with-iran-in-response-to-un-court-ruling Pompeo pulls out of treaty with Iran, in response to UN court ruling]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Sands, David R.; Boyer, Dave (October 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/3/us-cancels-treaty-iran-after-court-hits-sanctions/ U.S. cancels 1950s treaty with Iran after international court rules against sanctions]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Danan, Deborah (October 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/10/04/u-s-pulls-out-of-vienna-treaty-following-palestinian-lawsuit-over-embassy-move/ U.S. Pulls Out of Vienna Treaty Following Palestinian Lawsuit Over Embassy Move]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Rampton, Roberta; Wroughton, Lesley; Van den Berg, Stephanie (October 3, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-diplomacy-treaty/u-s-withdrawing-from-vienna-protocol-on-dispute-resolution-bolton-idUSKCN1MD2CP U.S. withdraws from international accords, says U.N. world court 'politicized']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (October 3, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/409657-us-ending-treaty-with-iran-after-international-court-ruling US terminates 1950s treaty with Iran after court orders ease in sanctions]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Herman, Steve (October 3, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-ends-1955-treaty-with-iran/4598042.html US Ends 1955 'Treaty of Amity' With Iran]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-terminates-1955-friendship-treaty-with-iran-after-un-court-ruling/29523774.html U.S. Terminates 1955 'Friendship' Treaty With Iran After UN Court Ruling]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Rosales, Erik (October 3, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/national-security/2018/october/pompeo-announces-us-termination-of-1955-treaty-with-iran-ndash-and-thats-not-all Pompeo Announces US Termination of 1955 Treaty With Iran – and That's Not All!] ''CBN News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − See also: − *Hayward, John (October 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/03/bolton-world-court-allowed-iran-forum-propaganda/ Bolton: World Court ‘Allowed Iran to Use It as a Forum for Propaganda’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Murphy, James (October 4, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30242-un-court-orders-united-states-to-lift-some-sanctions-on-iran UN Court “Orders” United States to Lift Some Sanctions on Iran]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 4, 2018.</ref> − **October 16, 2018—The Treasury Department imposed sanctions on an Iranian financial network worth billions of dollars for its support for child soldiers.<ref>Multiple references: − *Caplan, Joshua (October 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/16/treasury-imposes-sanctions-on-iranian-banks-for-supporting-child-soldiers/ Treasury Imposes Sanctions on Iranian Banks for Supporting Child Soldiers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *Talley, Ian (October 16, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-iran-finance-network-in-bid-to-scare-off-other-countries-1539712357 U.S. Sanctions Iran Finance Network in Bid to Sever Tehran’s Global Ties]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley (October 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-usa-sanctions/u-s-imposes-sanctions-on-iranian-network-supporting-child-soldiers-idUSKCN1MQ2G5 U.S. imposes sanctions on Iranian network supporting child soldiers]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *Wadhams, Nick (October 16, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-16/u-s-treasury-sanctions-iranian-companies-banks-and-others U.S. Sanctions Iran Businesses, Alleging Ties to Child Soldiers]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-imposes-sanctions-on-iran-business-said-to-support-child-soldiers-/4616157.html US Imposes Sanctions on Iran Business Said to Support Child Soldiers]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *Kredo, Adam (October 16, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-admin-sanctions-iranian-paramilitary-group-training-child-soldiers/ Trump Admin Sanctions Iranian Paramilitary Group Training Child Soldiers]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − *Riechmann, Deb (October 16, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-targets-network-of-banks-businesses-backing-irans-use-of-child-soldiers/ US sanctions network of banks, businesses backing Iran’s use of child soldiers]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved October 16, 2018.</ref> − **November 20, 2018—The Treasury Department imposed sanctions on several Iranian and Russian entities working with the Iranian government to deliver oil to the Assad regime in Syria.<ref>Multiple references: − *Boyer, Dave (November 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/20/us-sanctions-iran-russian-firms-illegal-oil-shipme/ U.S. sanctions Iran, Russian firms for illegal oil shipments to Syria]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Chalfant, Morgan; Fabian, Jordan (November 20, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/417631-trump-admin-unveils-sanctions-on-russia-iran-scheme-to-send-oil-to US sanctions alleged Russia-Iran scheme to send oil to Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Mohammed, Arshad; Heavey, Susan (November 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sanctions-syria/us-targets-iran-russia-network-over-oil-sent-to-syria-idUSKCN1NP21C U.S. targets Iran-Russia network over oil sent to Syria]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Danilova, Maria (November 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/20/us-sanctions-firms-in-iran-russia-for-shipping-oil/ US sanctions firms in Iran, Russia for shipping oil to Syria]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Kajjo, Sirwan (November 20, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-sanctions-illicit-scheme-to-ship-oil-to-syria-/4666882.html US Sanctions Illicit Scheme to Ship Oil to Syria]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Kredo, Adam (November 20, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-admin-sanctions-illicit-russia-iran-military-funding-network-syria/ Trump Admin Sanctions Illicit Russia-Iran Military Funding Network in Syria]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</ref> − **November 22, 2018—The Trump Administration declared that Iran had been developing chemical weapons banned under the UN's [[Chemical Weapons Convention]], an action the Obama Administration never took.<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (November 23, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/11/23/u-s-accuses-iran-developing-banned-chemical-weapons/ U.S. Accuses Iran of Developing Banned Chemical Weapons]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − *Lipin, Michael (November 22, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-iran-developing-chemical-weapons-in-violation-of-global-treaty/4670640.html US: Iran Developing Chemical Weapons in Violation of Global Treaty]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-accuses-iran-of-failing-to-declare-chemical-weapons/29615625.html U.S. Accuses Iran Of Failing To Declare Chemical Weapons]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-accuses-iran-of-failing-to-declare-chemical-weapons/4670145.html US Accuses Iran of Failing to Declare Chemical Weapons]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''RFE/RL''). November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chemicalweapons-iran/u-s-ambassador-iran-failed-to-declare-all-chemical-weapons-to-global-agency-idUSKCN1NR1ES U.S. ambassador: Iran failed to declare all chemical weapons to global agency]. ''''Reuters''. November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − See also: − *Kredo, Adam (November 16, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/iran-declared-breach-chemical-weapons-bans/ Iran to Be Declared in Breach of Chemical Weapons Bans]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</ref> − *The Trump Administration took several actions against North Korea. Though UN Ambassador [[Nikki Haley]], the Trump Administration implemented a "maximum pressure campaign" against the country prior to a summit in June 2018.<ref>Evansky, Ben (June 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/11/how-nikki-haley-brought-trumps-maximum-pressure-campaign-down-on-north-korea-at-un-security-council.html How Nikki Haley brought Trump's maximum pressure campaign down on North Korea at UN Security Council]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</ref> Notably, President Trump and [[Kim Jong-un]] held a joint summit on June 12, 2018,<ref>Multiple references: − *Chamberlain, Samuel (June 12, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-praises-meeting-with-kim-jong-un-says-theyre-going-to-a-signing Trump praises meeting with Kim Jong Un, says they’re ‘going’ to a signing]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (June 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/06/11/donald-trump-meets-kim-jong-un-in-singapore/ Donald Trump Meets Kim Jong-un in Singapore]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Gordon, Michael R.; Cheng, Jonathan (June 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/singapore-summit-pompeo-says-u-s-is-firm-in-commitment-to-north-korean-denuclearization-1528700650 Trump Calls Four-Hour Summit ‘Fantastic’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Miller, S.A.; Boyer, Dave (June 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/11/donald-trump-kim-jong-un-kick-historic-summit-hand/ Trump, Kim kick off summit: 'We are going to have a terrific relationship']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 15, 2018.</ref> where both leaders pledged to improve relations and denuclearize the Korean Penninsula.<ref>Multiple references: − *DeMarche, Edmund; Brown, Benjamin; Gómez, Serafin (June 12, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/north-korea-agrees-to-complete-denuclearization-of-the-korean-peninsula-after-trump-kim-summit North Korea agrees to ‘complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula' after Trump-Kim summit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Mikelionis, Lukas (June 12, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-kim-agree-to-recovering-and-returning-us-military-remains-from-korean-war Trump, Kim agree to recovering and returning US military remains from Korean War]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Miller, S.A.; Boyer, Dave (June 12, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/12/trump-kim-jong-un-set-signing-ceremony-pledge-work/ Trump, Kim Jong-un sign document, pledge to work together for peace]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca; Fabian, Jordan (June 12, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391764-trump-and-kim-sign-agreement-denuclearization Trump, Kim sign denuclearization deal in 'new chapter']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Mass, Warren (June 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29269-meeting-in-singapore-trump-and-kim-pledge-denuclearization-of-korean-peninsula-but-concrete-guarantees-must-wait Meeting in Singapore, Trump and Kim Pledge Denuclearization of Korean Peninsula, but Concrete Guarantees Must Wait]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − See also: − *Pollak, Joel B. (June 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/06/12/full-text-document-signed-by-president-donald-trump-and-kim-jong-un-at-singapore-summit/ Full Text: Document Signed by President Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un at Singapore Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 15, 2018.</ref> − **January 24, 2018—The Trump Administration sanctioned sixteen individuals, nine entities, and six North Korean ships for their roles in helping North Korea's nuclear and missile programs.<ref>Multiple references: − *Talley, Ian (January 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-16-north-korean-agents-it-claims-work-in-china-russia-1516811858 U.S. Sanctions 16 North Korean Agents It Claims Work in China, Russia]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 24, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-new-sanctions-north-korea/4222140.html US Imposes New Sanctions on North Korea]. ''Voice of America''. January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018. − *Brunnstrom, David; Alexander, David (January 24, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-usa-sanctions/u-s-imposes-more-north-korea-sanctions-urges-china-russia-expulsions-idUSKBN1FD2AG U.S. imposes more North Korea sanctions; urges China, Russia expulsions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 24, 2018. − *Pennington, Matthew (January 24, 2018). [https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/us-blacklists-n-korea-business-interests-in-china-russia-1.508298 US blacklists N. Korea business interests in China, Russia]. ''Stars and Stripes'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved January 24, 2018.</ref> − **February 23, 2018—The Trump Administration enacted another round of sanctions against North Korea, sanctioning 56 entities, including 27 companies.<ref>Multiple references: − *Holland, Steve; Kim, Christine (February 23, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-trump/u-s-imposes-more-north-korea-sanctions-trump-warns-of-phase-two-idUSKCN1G71RD U.S. imposes more North Korea sanctions, Trump warns of 'phase two']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Manson, Katrina (February 23, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/666e7710-18ab-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 US sanctions 27 shipping companies over North Korea ties]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Jackson, David; Korte, Gregory (February 23, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/02/23/trump-administration-announce-new-sanctions-north-korea/366290002/ Trump threatens to get 'very rough' against North Korea if 'heaviest sanctions ever imposed' don't succeed]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Ryan, Missy; Johnson, Jenna; Whoriskey, Peter (February 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-to-impose-largest-ever-set-of-sanctions-against-north-korea/2018/02/23/42e1afb8-18a8-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html Trump administration unveils sanctions aimed at starving North Korea of resources]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (February 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/02/24/u-s-imposes-toughest-sanctions-ever-north-koreas-communist-regime/ U.S. Imposes Toughest Sanctions Ever on North Korea’s Communist Regime]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 24, 2018. − President Trump announced the sanctions that same day during his speech at [[Conservative Political Action Conference|CPAC]]: − *Grisales, Claudia (February 23, 2018). [https://www.stripes.com/news/trump-announces-heaviest-sanctions-ever-against-north-korea-1.513265 Trump announces 'heaviest sanctions ever' against North Korea]. ''Stars and Stripes''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Gómez, Serafin; Berger, Judson (February 23, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/23/trump-to-announce-massive-sanctions-against-north-korea-at-cpac.html Trump, at CPAC, announces 'heaviest'-ever North Korea sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − *Miller, S.A.; Boyer, Dave (February 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/feb/23/trump-announces-new-sanctions-against-north-korea/ Trump announces new sanctions against North Korea]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 23, 2018. − On March 30, 2018, the UN Security Council, acting at the request of the U.S., blacklisted many of the entities that the Trump Administration sanctioned: − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/united-nations-blacklists-dozens-of-ships-businesses-over-north-korea-smuggling/4324650.html UN Blacklists Dozens of Ships, Businesses Over N. Korea Smuggling]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''Agence France-Presse''). March 30, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018. − *Fassihi, Farnaz (March 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-imposes-sanctions-on-north-korea-1522461528 U.N. Imposes Sanctions on North Korea]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 1, 2018. − *Bowden, John (March 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/381136-un-security-council-moves-to-enforce-sanctions-against-north-korea UN Security Council moves to enforce sanctions against North Korea]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 1, 2018. − *Sang-Hun, Choe (March 31, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/31/world/asia/north-korea-united-nations-sanctions-blacklist.html U.N. Unveils Blacklist to Fight North Korea Sanctions-Busting]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</ref> − **May 9, 2018—As part of negotiations for a planned meeting between President Trump and North Korean dictator [[Kim Jong-un]], North Korea released three American prisoners.<ref name="ThreeReleased">Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (May 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/09/3-americans-detained-in-north-korea-in-good-health-and-on-their-way-back-to-us-trump-says.html American prisoners held in North Korea on their way home after Pompeo visit, Trump says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (May 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/09/donald-trump-announces-freedom-for-american-citizens-detained-in-north-korea/ Donald Trump Announces Freedom for American Citizens Detained in North Korea]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Cheng, Jonathan; Bender, Michael C. (May 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-pyongyang-pompeo-expresses-hope-about-working-with-north-korea-1525848842 Trump: North Korea Releases Three U.S. Detainees]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Dorell, Oren (May 9, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/05/09/north-korea-kim-jong-un-free-3-american-citizens/582094002/ North Korea releases 3 Americans as Kim Jong Un prepares to meet Trump]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − *Spetalnick, Matt; Oliphant, James (May 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles/americans-freed-by-north-korea-before-trump-kim-summit-head-home-idUSKBN1IA08I Americans freed by North Korea before Trump-Kim summit head home]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 9, 2018. − President Trump greeted the three Americans as they returned: − *DeMarche, Edmund; Brown, Benjamin (May 10, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/10/trump-greets-american-detainees-freed-from-north-korea.html Trump greets American detainees freed from North Korea]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (May 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/10/trump-to-welcome-freed-korean-americans-return-to-/ Trump gives freed Americans flag-waving, wee-hours welcome]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (May 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/09/president-trump-welcomes-americans-home-north-korea/ President Trump Welcomes Americans Home from North Korea]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − *Adelmann, Bob (May 10, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29028-trump-greets-freed-north-korean-prisoners Trump Greets Freed North Korean Prisoners]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 11, 2018. − *Rampton, Roberta; Brunnstrom, David (May 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-prisoners/upbeat-trump-welcomes-u-s-prisoners-released-by-north-korea-idUSKBN1IB0A2 Upbeat Trump welcomes U.S. prisoners released by North Korea]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2018. − The reaction of the detainees and their families: − *Moons Michelle (May 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/09/three-prisoners-released-from-north-korea-god-bless-america-the-greatest-nation-in-the-world/ Three Prisoners Released from North Korea: ‘God Bless America, the Greatest Nation in the World’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 12, 2018. − *Dorell, Oren (May 9, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/05/09/north-korea-kim-jong-un-free-3-american-citizens/582094002/ 'God Bless America': Freed American prisoners thankful after being released from North Korea]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 12, 2018. − *Parke, Caleb (May 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/05/09/family-us-detainee-freed-from-north-korea-mostly-thank-god.html Family of US detainee freed from North Korea: 'Mostly we thank God']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 12, 2018. − See also: − *Boyer, Dave (May 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/10/trump-obama-paid-iran-18-billion-iran-captives/ Trump: Obama paid Iran $1.8 billion for captives' release, North Korea did it for free]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 11, 2018.</ref> − **July 2018—North Korea began allowing the U.S. to retrieve the bodies of what were believed to be dead U.S. soldiers who had been killed during the [[Korean War]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Zwirz, Elizabeth (July 26, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/07/26/us-military-plane-departs-north-korea-with-service-members-remains-white-house-says.html US military plane departs North Korea with service members’ remains, White House says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Wolfgang, Ben (July 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/26/us-begins-retrieving-troops-remains-north-korea-re/ First U.S. troop remains from North Korea headed home, White House confirms]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (July 26, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/399128-us-military-plane-leaves-north-korea-with-remains-of-soldiers-from-korean-war US military plane leaves North Korea with remains of soldiers from Korean War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Cheng, Jonathan; Jeong, Andrew (July 27, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korea-hands-over-remains-of-u-s-soldiers-from-korean-war-1532658625 North Korea Hands Over Remains of U.S. Soldiers From Korean War]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Maresca, Thomas (July 26, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/07/26/report-us-plane-leaves-north-korea-pick-up-us-war-remains/846651002/ North Korea hands over remains said to be US soldiers from Korean War, White House says]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Lee, Joyce; Stewart, Phil (July 26, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa/trump-thanks-kim-as-north-korea-hands-over-korean-war-remains-idUSKBN1KH057 Trump thanks Kim as North Korea hands over Korean War remains]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Muñoz, Gabriella (July 27, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/27/trump-thanks-king-jong-un-returning-fallen-america/ Remains of American troops returned by North Korea; Trump thanks Kim for keeping promise]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 28, 2018. − *Martel, Frances (July 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/07/26/reports-north-korea-return-korean-war-remains-week/ Reports: North Korea to Return Korean War Remains This Week]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − The remains arrived on U.S. soil on August 1, 2018: − *Chamberlain, Samuel (August 1, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/01/pence-hails-tangible-progress-with-north-korea-as-remains-presumed-korean-war-dead-arrive-in-hawaii.html Pence hails 'tangible progress' with North Korea as remains of presumed Korean War dead arrive in Hawaii]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/1/korean-war-dead-remains-arrive-hawaii/ Remains of Korean War dead arrive in Hawaii]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (August 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/01/u-s-welcomes-korean-war-fallen-home-on-presidents-heart-during-meeting-with-n-korean-leader/ U.S. Welcomes Korean War Fallen Home, On President’s Heart During Meeting with N. Korean Leader]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Wong, Kristina (August 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/01/united-nations-command-transfers-korean-war-remains-home-to-the-u-s/ United Nations Command Transfers Korean War Remains Home to the U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 2, 2018. − See also − *Spiering, Charlie (July 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/27/donald-trump-thanks-kim-jong-un-after-north-korea-releases-remains-of-fallen-soldiers/ Donald Trump Thanks Kim Jong-Un After North Korea Releases Remains of Fallen Soldiers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Hayward, John (July 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/07/27/trump-thanks-kim-returning-remains-korean-war-troops/ Trump Thanks Kim Jong-un for Returning Remains of Korean War Troops]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Kirkwood, R. Cort (July 28, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/29655-north-korea-returns-remains-u-s-korean-war-pows-sent-to-soviet-union-still-unaccounted-for North Korea Returns Remains. U.S. Korean War POWs Sent to Soviet Union Still Unaccounted For]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 28, 2018. − Identifying the remains: − *Youssef, Nancy A.; Kesling, Ben (July 27, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-military-begins-arduous-job-identifying-remains-from-korean-war-1532730549 U.S. Military Begins Arduous Job: Identifying Remains From Korean War]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Psaledakis, Daphne (July 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-remains/us-remains-returned-by-north-korea-could-take-days-or-decades-to-identify-idUSKBN1KL338 U.S. remains returned by North Korea could take days or decades to identify]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 31, 2018. − *Britzky, Haley (July 31, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/defense-department-begins-process-of-identifying-returned-korean-war-remains-f9d27799-fd6b-462a-b008-2b5dbc73a1e8.html Defense Department begins process of identifying returned Korean War remains]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 31, 2018. − *Martel, Frances (August 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/03/it-could-take-pentagon-years-to-identify-north-korea-troop-remains/ It Could Take Pentagon Years to Identify North Korea Troop Remains]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 3, 2018.</ref> − **August 3, 2018—As an illustration of the Trump Administration continuing to take a tough stance on North Korea while still striving for peace, it enacted sanctions on a Russian bank, two North Korean companies, and one North Korean citizen for violating United Nations sanctions on the country.<ref>Multiple references: − *Telly, Ian (August 3, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-russian-bank-over-north-korea-1533308378 U.S. Sanctions Russian Bank for Handling Transactions for North Korea]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 3, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (August 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/04/u-s-sanctions-russian-bank-for-north-korean-activity-violating-u-n/ U.S. Sanctions Russian Bank for North Korean Activity Violating U.N.]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 5, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (August 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/3/trump-hits-russian-bank-n-korean-firms-sanctions/ Trump hits Russian bank, North Korean firms with sanctions]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 3, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-sanctions/us-hits-russian-bank-with-sanctions-for-north-korea-related-activity-idUSKBN1KO1WH U.S. hits Russian bank with sanctions for North Korea-related activity]. ''Reuters''. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2018. − *Wilkie, Christina (August 3, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/03/trump-administration-sanctions-russian-bank-for-north-korea-ties.html Trump administration sanctions Russian bank, North Koreans for 'illegal financial activity']. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 3, 2018. − See also: − *Pentchoukov, Ivan (August 3, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/haley-slams-russia-for-violating-north-korea-sanctions_2614157.html Haley Slams Russia for Violating North Korea Sanctions]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 3, 2018.</ref> The Trump Administration announced more sanctions on August 21, 2018, against Russian entities for violating sanctions on North Korea.<ref name="RussiaSanctions8/21/18"/> On September 13, 2018, the Trump Administration sanctioned one Russian and one Chinese tech company for moving money to North Korea in violation of UN sanctions.<ref>Multiple references: − *Moons, Michelle (September 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/13/u-s-sanctions-chinese-and-russian-it-fronts-masking-north-korean-income/ U.S. Sanctions Chinese and Russian IT Fronts Masking North Korean Income]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *Talley, Ian (September 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-russia-and-chinese-tech-firms-as-alleged-north-korean-front-companies-1536849376 U.S. Sanctions Russia and Chinese Tech Firms As Alleged North Korean Front Companies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-imposes-sanctions-on-n-korean-it-firms-based-in-china-russia/4570220.html US Imposes Sanctions on N. Korean IT Firms]. ''Voice of America''. September 13, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *Ahmann, Tim; Shin, Hyonhee (September 13, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-sanctions/u-s-imposes-north-korea-related-sanctions-on-russian-chinese-tech-firms-idUSKCN1LT2BO U.S. sanctions Russian, Chinese tech firms over funds for North Korea]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 14, 2018.</ref> The administration countered attempts by Russia and China to weaken international sanctions against North Korea.<ref>Hayward, John (September 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/09/28/russia-and-china-try-to-weaken-north-korea-sanctions-pompeo-fights-back/ Russia and China Try to Weaken North Korea Sanctions, Pompeo Fights Back]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</ref> − *Despite the [[mainstream media]]'s characterization of him as soft on Russia, President Trump took several tough actions against the country, some being even tougher than Obama ever was.<ref>Multiple references: − *Harrington, Elizabeth (February 22, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/blog/7-times-trump-tougher-russia-obama/ 7 Times Trump Has Been Tougher on Russia Than Obama]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved March 26, 2018. − *Stewart, Phil; Spetalnick, Matt (March 26, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-analysis/before-expulsions-a-brick-by-brick-hardening-of-u-s-stance-toward-russia-idUSKBN1H232D Before expulsions, a brick-by-brick hardening of U.S. stance toward Russia]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − *Hayward, John (July 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/18/7-ways-trump-been-tough-russia-despite-charges-treason/ 7 Ways President Trump Has Been Tough on Russia Despite Wild Charges of ‘Treason’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − See also: − *Wolfgang, Ben (July 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/17/donald-trumps-vladimir-putin-charm-offensive-aims-/ Trump charm offensive a strategic bid to detach Russia from China: experts]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Scarborough, Rowan (July 21, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/21/conservative-groups-say-trumps-actions-prove-tough/ Trump record is tough on Russia, friendly to U.S. allies like Poland, conservative think tanks say]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 21, 2018. − *Turak, Natasha (July 16, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/16/heres-where-trump-has-been-tough-on-russia--and-where-hes-backed-do.html Here’s where Trump has been tough on Russia — and where he’s backed down]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (July 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/18/trump-putin-knows-tough-russia-media-do-not/ Donald Trump: Putin Knows I’ve Been Tough on Russia; Media Do Not]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (July 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/18/trump-says-hes-tougher-russia-any-other-president/ Trump says he's been tougher on Russia than any other president]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Johnson, Natalie (September 14, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-dept-u-s-sanctions-cost-russian-govt-tens-billions-dollars/ State Dept.: U.S. Sanctions Have Cost Russian Govt. ‘Tens of Billions’ of Dollars]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved September 14, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (October 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/23/donald-trump-scores-wins-over-russia-economy-natio/ Trump turns tables, scores wins over Russia]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 23, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy (December 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/11/state-department-global-engagement-center-targets-/ Secretive State Dept. offensive targets propaganda, 'deep fakes']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</ref> At the same time, President Trump sought to improve U.S.–Russia relations. − **March 26, 2018—The U.S. expelled 60 Russian diplomats and closed a Russian consulate in [[Seattle]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Pappas, Alex (March 26, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/26/trump-orders-expulsion-dozens-russian-diplomats-closure-consulate-in-seattle.html Trump orders expulsion of dozens of Russian diplomats, closure of consulate in Seattle]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (March 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/03/26/donald-trump-expels-60-russian-diplomats-from-the-united-states/ Donald Trump Expels 60 Russian Diplomats from the United States in Response to Salisbury Chemical Weapons Attack]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave; Boylan, Dan (March 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/26/donald-trump-expels-60-russian-officials-over-nerv/ Trump expels 60 Russian officials over nerve-agent attack in Britain]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − *Holden, Michael; Rampton, Roberta (March 26, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-russia-usa/u-s-eu-to-expel-more-than-100-russian-diplomats-over-uk-nerve-attack-idUSKBN1H21MR U.S., EU to expel more than 100 Russian diplomats over UK nerve attack]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − Russia announced it would retaliate by expelling 60 American diplomats and closing the U.S. consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]]: − *Soldatkin, Vladimir; Lowe, Christian (March 29, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-diplomats/russia-orders-out-60-u-s-diplomats-over-spy-poisoning-affair-idUSKBN1H52MN Russia orders out 60 U.S. diplomats over spy poisoning affair]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 29, 2018. − *Sands, David R. (March 29, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/29/russia-expel-60-us-diplomats-close-st-petersburg-c/ Russia to expel 60 U.S. diplomats, close St. Petersburg consulate in escalating feud]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 29, 2018. − *Joyce, Kathleen (March 29, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/03/29/russia-to-expel-60-us-diplomats-close-us-consulate-in-st-petersburg.html Russia to expel 60 US diplomats, close US consulate in St. Petersburg]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 29, 2018. − See also: − *Persons, Sally (March 27, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/27/michael-anton-us-intelligence-had-been-tracking-ru/ Michael Anton: U.S. intelligence had been tracking Russian diplomats prior to expulsion]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 27, 2018. − *Dhanis, Marta (March 29, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/29/all-60-russians-kicked-out-us-are-undeclared-spies-pretending-to-be-diplomats-us-official-says.html All 60 Russians kicked out of US are 'undeclared spies' pretending to be diplomats, US official says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 29, 2018.</ref> − **April 6, 2018—The Trump Administration instituted sanctions on 38 Russian individuals and entities, including oligarchs and high-ranking government officials.<ref>Multiple references: − *[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/06/us-punishes-russian-oligarchs-officials-with-more-sanctions.html US punishes Russian oligarchs, officials with more sanctions]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (April 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/6/donald-trump-hits-putin-where-it-hurts-new-sanctio/ Trump hits Putin where it hurts: New sanctions target Russian oligarchs, energy companies]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 7, 2018. − *Wroughton, Lesley; Zengerle, Patricia (April 6, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions-announcement/u-s-slaps-sanctions-on-putin-cronies-for-russias-malign-activity-idUSKCN1HD1O0 U.S. slaps sanctions on Putin cronies for Russia's 'malign activity']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 7, 2018. − *Hayward, John (April 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/04/06/treasury-sanctions-russian-oligarchs-companies-government-officials/ Treasury Sanctions More Russian Oligarchs, Companies, and Government Officials]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 7, 2018. − *Saine, Cindy; Gallo, William (April 7, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-raises-stakes-tough-sanctions-russia-oligarchs/4336201.html US Raises Stakes with Tough Sanctions on Russian Oligarchs]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved April 7, 2018. − Shortly after the sanctions were instituted, the Russian officials and entities targeted had already lost up to $16 billion: − *Caralle, Katelyn (April 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/foreign/russian-oligarchs-companies-lost-16-billion-after-new-trump-sanctions Russian oligarchs, companies lost $16 billion after new Trump sanctions]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 10, 2018. − *Jamieson, Alastair; Holodny, Elena (April 10, 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/russian-oligarchs-lose-16-billion-after-trump-sanctions-n864231 Russian oligarchs lose up to $16 billion after Trump sanctions]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved April 10, 2018. − See also: − *Charles, Robert (April 7, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/04/07/trump-sanctions-on-russia-this-is-as-far-from-collusion-as-can-get.html Trump sanctions on Russia: This is as far from ‘collusion’ as you can get]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 7, 2018.</ref> − **July 16, 2018—President Trump met with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]], seeking to improve relations between the two countries,<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/trump-forges-ahead-with-russia-diplomacy-despite-cries-of-collusion/ Trump Forges Ahead with Russia Diplomacy Despite Cries of ‘Collusion!’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/donald-trump-defends-summit-with-vladimir-putin-as-bold-american-diplomacy/ Donald Trump Defends Summit with Vladimir Putin as ‘Bold American Diplomacy’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (July 16, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/16/trump-blasts-mueller-probe-putin-denies-meddling-as-leaders-tout-summit-as-success.html Trump blasts Mueller probe, Putin denies meddling as leaders tout summit as ‘success’]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (July 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/16/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-meeting-great-opportun/ Trump says meeting with Putin a 'great opportunity' to discuss trade, nukes, China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Miller, S.A.; Boyer, Dave (July 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/16/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-declare-summit-succeed/ Trump, Putin declare summit succeeded in improving relationship, 'trust']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Holland, Steve; Mason, Jeff (July 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump/after-pummeling-allies-trump-ends-wild-europe-trip-with-putin-embrace-idUSKBN1K62P8 After pummeling allies, Trump ends wild Europe trip with Putin embrace]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (July 16, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/397338-trump-stuns-the-world-at-putin-summit Trump stuns the world at Putin summit]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − See also: − *Pollak, Joel B. (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/pollak-trumps-summit-with-putin-was-a-success-the-media-cant-admit/ Pollak: Trump’s Summit with Putin Was a Success the Media Can’t Admit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Nolte, John (July 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/17/nolte-helsinki-is-one-of-trumps-finest-moments/ Nolte: Helsinki Is One of Trump’s Finest Moments]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Glick, Caroline (July 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/18/caroline-glick-trump-was-the-big-winner-at-helsinki-summit/ Caroline Glick: Trump Was the Big Winner at Helsinki Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Jalsevac, Steve (July 18, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/dont-fall-into-dangerous-trap-of-condemning-trump-for-his-performance-at-he Don’t fall into dangerous trap of condemning Trump for his performance at Helsinki summit]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − *McCarthy, Patricia (July 18, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/president-trump-terrifies-the-swamp-at-helsinki President Trump terrifies the swamp at Helsinki]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from the ''American Thinker''). Retrieved July 19, 2018. − *Virgil (July 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/21/virgil-the-presidents-controversial-policy-toward-russia-the-good-guys-risk-losing-if-the-bad-guys-are-united-part-one/ Virgil: The President’s Controversial Policy Toward Russia: The Good Guys Risk Losing If the Bad Guys Are United — Part One]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 22, 2018. − President Trump's statements and the topics discussed at the summit: − *Wong, Kristina (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/trump-addressed-directly-putin-russian-interference-elections/ Trump: I Addressed ‘Directly’ with Putin Russian Interference in Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/trump-u-s-compete-russias-gas-pipeline-germany/ Donald Trump: U.S. Will Compete with Russia’s Gas Pipeline to Germany]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/donald-trump-defies-criticism-putin-meeting-we-cannot-exclusively-focus-past/ Donald Trump Defies Criticism of Putin Meeting: ‘We Cannot Exclusively Focus on the Past’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − Regarding a reported U.S.–Russia agreement on Syria: − *Pollak, Joel B. (July 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/18/first-win-for-trump-putin-summit-agreement-to-restrain-iran-in-syria/ First Win for Trump-Putin Summit: Agreement to Restrain Iran in Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Wolfgang, Ben (July 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/19/pentagon-says-its-unaware-any-us-russia-military-a/ Pentagon rebuts Putin-controlled media, says no U.S.-Russia military agreement in Syria]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − However, President Trump later backtracked on some of his statements: − *Byas, Steve (July 18, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/item/29569-trumps-backtrack-on-summit-comments-shows-power-of-intel-agencies Trump’s Backtrack on Summit Comments Shows Power of Intel Agencies]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 18, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (July 17, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/17/trump-says-misspoke-on-russian-meddling-during-press-conference-accepts-us-intel-findings.html Trump says he misspoke on Russian meddling during press conference, accepts US intel findings]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (July 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/17/white-house-lights-go-out-after-donald-trump-professes-full-faith-in-intelligence-agencies/ White House Lights Go Out After Donald Trump Professes ‘Full Faith’ in Intelligence Agencies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (July 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/17/trump-strikes-back-at-critics-of-helsinki-summit-w/ Trump strikes back after criticism of Helsinki summit with Putin]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Ballhaus, Rebecca; Nicholas, Peter (July 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-reverses-tack-on-election-meddling-1531869255 Trump Reverses Tack on Election Meddling]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (July 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/397481-trump-says-he-accepts-us-intel-on-russia-then-adds-it-could-be-other Trump says he accepts US intel on Russia — then adds it ‘could be other people also’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.</ref> something strongly condemned by the Left, [[establishment]], and the media.<ref>Multiple references: − *Singman, Brooke (July 16, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/16/trump-faces-bipartisan-criticism-over-press-conference-with-putin.html Trump faces bipartisan criticism over press conference with Putin]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Byas, Steve (July 16, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29551-trump-criticized-for-performance-at-summit-with-putin Trump Criticized for Performance at Summit With Putin]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Mason, Jeff; Pinchuk, Denis (July 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-summit/shock-as-trump-backs-putin-on-election-meddling-at-summit-idUSKBN1K601D Trump backs Putin on election meddling at summit, stirs fierce criticism]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Hudson, Jerome (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-hollywood/2018/07/16/hollywood-melts-over-trump-putin-summit-arrest-this-treasonous-urine-lapper/ Hollywood Melts over Trump-Putin Summit: ‘Arrest’ this ‘Treasonous’ ‘Urine Lapper’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Kurtz, Howard (July 17, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/17/media-firestorm-as-trump-seems-to-side-with-putin-over-us-intelligence.html A media firestorm as Trump seems to side with Putin over US intelligence]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − Republicans, however, supported the meeting: − *Muñoz, Gabriella (July 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/19/republican-base-overwhelmingly-supports-donald-tru/ Republican base overwhelmingly supports Trump's comments at Helsinki summit: Poll]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (July 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/19/republican-majority-approves-trump-putin-meeting/ Republican Majority Approves of Trump-Putin Meeting]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − *Allen, Mike (July 19, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/republicans-poll-donald-trump-press-conference-putin-5776322f-a483-4e21-b50c-028799b08367.html Poll: Huge GOP majority backs Trump's Putin performance]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 19, 2018. − Polling found President Trump's approval rating was not hurt by the meeting: − *Kraychik, Robert (July 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/22/wsj-nbc-poll-trumps-approval-climbs-despite-russia-hype/ WSJ/NBC Poll: Trump’s Approval Climbs Despite Russia Hype]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2018. − *Caplan, Joshua (July 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/24/gallup-donald-trump-hits-his-highest-approval-ever/ Gallup: Donald Trump Hits His Highest Approval Ever]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 24, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (July 24, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/398502-trumps-job-approval-highest-in-latest-quarter-gallup Trump hits highest job approval in latest quarter: Gallup]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 24, 2018. − *Stanage, Niall (July 24, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/the-memo/398471-the-memo-dems-grapple-with-trumps-resilience The Memo: Dems grapple with Trump’s resilience]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 24, 2018. − See also: − *Binder, John (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2018/07/16/ann-coulter-media-gop-democrat-reaction-to-trump-putin-summit-exactly-like-muslim-ban-hysteria/ Ann Coulter: Media, GOP, Democrat Reaction to Trump-Putin Summit ‘Exactly Like Muslim Ban’ Hysteria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Hunter, Jack (July 17, 2018). [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/ron-and-rand-paul-cut-through-the-foreign-policy-noise/ Ron and Rand Paul Call Out Foreign Policy Hysteria]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Mikelionis, Lukas (July 17, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/17/rand-paul-sides-with-trump-on-russia-says-critics-motivated-by-dislike-president.html Rand Paul sides with Trump on Russia, says critics 'motivated' by dislike of president]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Wong, Kristina (July 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/17/rand-paul-defends-trumps-putin-meeting/ Rand Paul Defends Trump-Putin Meeting, Cites ‘Trump Derangement Syndrome’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Byas, Steve (July 17, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/29559-rand-paul-backs-trump-on-putin-summit Rand Paul Backs Trump on Putin Summit]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Binder, John (July 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/16/ron-paul-trump-won-in-summit-with-putin-neocons-arent-very-happy/ Ron Paul: ‘Trump Won’ in Summit with Putin, ‘Neocons Aren’t Very Happy’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 16, 2018. − *Folley, Aris (July 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/397358-lou-dobbs-slams-trumps-critics-after-press-conference-with Lou Dobbs slams Trump's critics: ‘This is stupid stuff’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Buchanan, Patrick J. (July 17, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/reviews/opinion/item/29564-trump-calls-off-cold-war-ii Trump Calls Off Cold War II]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 17, 2018. − *Byas, Steve (July 20, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29583-trump-charges-fake-news-is-pushing-for-a-u-s-russia-confrontation Trump Charges “Fake News” Is Pushing for a U.S.-Russia Confrontation]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 23, 2018.</ref> − **August 8, 2018—The Trump Administration announced it would enact sanctions on Russia because of a nerve-agent attack on a former spy in the UK earlier that year.<ref>Multiple references: − *Richardson, Matt (August 8, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/08/us-to-impose-new-sanctions-on-russia-claims-country-used-chemical-or-biological-weapons-against-british-ex-spy.html US to impose new Russia sanctions for 'chemical or biological weapons' use against British ex-spy]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 9, 2018. − *Donati, Jessica; McBride, Courtney (August 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-impose-new-sanctions-on-russia-over-nerve-agent-attack-in-u-k-1533757595 U.S. to Impose New Sanctions on Russia Over Nerve-Agent Attack in U.K.] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 9, 2018. − *George, Susannah; Lee, Matthew (August 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/9/us-imposing-new-russia-sanctions-over-fatal-chemic/ U.S. imposing new sanctions on Russia over poisoning of former spy, daughter]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved August 9, 2018. − See also: − *Kurmanaev, Anatoly (August 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sanctions-put-russia-on-edge-1533815503 U.S. Sanctions Put Russia on Edge]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 9, 2018. − *Kazianis, Harry J. (August 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/08/09/trumps-sanctions-on-russia-show-his-strategic-kindness-isnt-sign-weakness.html Trump's sanctions on Russia show his strategic kindness isn't sign of weakness]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.</ref> − **August 21, 2018—The Treasury Department announced two new rounds of sanctions against Russian individuals and entities, among others, one for violating UN sanctions on North Korea and the other for cyber activities against the U.S.<ref name="RussiaSanctions8/21/18">Multiple references: − *Talley, Ian; McBride, Courtney (August 21, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-treasury-sanctions-russian-firms-for-allegedly-helping-north-korea-1534860141 U.S. Widens Russia Sanctions Amid Calls They Don’t Go Far Enough]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (August 21, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/21/trump-administration-hits-russian-ships-violating-/ Trump administration hits Russian ships for violating North Korea sanctions]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (August 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/21/u-s-sanctions-4-russian-actors-funneling-diving-systems-to-russian-agencies/ U.S. Sanctions 4 Russian Actors Funneling Diving Systems to Russian Agencies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions-treasury/u-s-imposes-fresh-sanctions-for-russian-cyber-related-activity-idUSKCN1L61FB U.S. imposes fresh sanctions for Russian cyber-related activity]. ''Reuters''. August 21, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Chalfant, Morgan (August 21, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/402825-trump-admin-slaps-new-sanctions-on-russian-firms-individuals Trump administration slaps new sanctions on Russian firms, individuals]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/21/us-sanctions-russian-shipping-companies.html US adds to sanctions against Russia]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). August 21, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2018.</ref> − **November 8, 2018—The U.S. imposed sanctions on 12 individuals and entities connected to Russia's occupation of [[Crimea]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Boylan, Dan (November 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/8/us-announces-new-round-crimea-sanctions-russia/ U.S. announces new round of Crimea sanctions on Russia]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 9, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions/u-s-imposes-new-sanctions-on-russia-for-crimea-investments-idUSKCN1ND2S3 U.S. imposes new sanctions on Russia for Crimea, investments]. ''Reuters''. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (November 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/415752-us-imposes-new-sanctions-on-russia-over-crimea US imposes new sanctions on Russia over Crimea]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 8, 2018. − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-imposes-fresh-sanctions-over-ukraine-crisis/29590316.html U.S. Sanctions Persons, Entities Over Activities In Russian-Occupied Crimea]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018. − *Dyson, Tauren (November 8, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/11/08/US-sanctions-Russians-over-Crimea-ties/6351541707327/ U.S. sanctions Russians over Crimea ties]. ''UPI''. Retrieved November 8, 2018.</ref> − *December 19, 2018—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on 15 Russian individuals and entities for allegedly interfering in the 2016 election and playing a role in a nerve-agent attack in the UK.<ref>Multiple references: − *Boyer, Dave (December 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/19/trump-slaps-new-sanctions-15-russian-agents-firms-/ Trump slaps new sanctions on 15 Russian agents, firms for election meddling and 'malign' activities]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Layne, Nathan (December 19, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/u-s-imposes-fresh-russia-related-sanctions/ U.S. Imposes Fresh Russia-Related Sanctions]. ''The Washington Free Beacon'' (from ''Reuters''). Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Sink, Justin (December 19, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-19/u-s-sanctions-russian-spies-tied-to-election-hack-poisoning U.S. Sanctions Russian Spies Tied to Election Hack, Poisoning]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Choi, Matthew (December 19, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/us-treasury-rolls-out-new-sanctions-hitting-russians-including-alleged-skripal-poisoners/ US rolls out sanctions on Russia, including alleged Skripal poisoners]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − The Trump Administration also announced it would lift sanctions on companies owned by oligarch Oleg Deripaska after he reduced his investment in them: − *Rubenfeld, Samuel (December 20, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-remove-russian-companies-tied-to-oleg-deripaska-from-sanctions-list-in-30-days-11545262611 U.S. to Remove Russian Companies Tied to Oleg Deripaska From Sanctions List in 30 Days]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Chalfant, Morgan (December 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/regulation/national-security/422122-trump-admin-to-lift-sanctions-on-firms-owned-by-russian-oligarch Trump admin to lift sanctions on firms owned by Russian oligarch Deripaska]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2018.</ref> − *President Trump took actions related to [[NATO]]: − **The Trump Administration continued pushing for the other NATO members to increase their defense spending,<ref>Boylan, Dan (September 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/14/stoltenberg-says-nato-thanks-trump-pushing-allies-/ NATO chief thanks Trump for pushing allies to spend more on defense]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 14, 2018.</ref> sending strongly-written letters to several countries about the issue.<ref>Multiple references: − *Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (July 2, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/world/europe/trump-nato.html In Pointed Letters, Trump Demands More Defense Spending From NATO Allies]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 2, 2018. − *Morton, Victor (July 2, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/2/donald-trump-demands-nato-allies-increase-defense-/ Trump reportedly demands NATO allies increase defense spending in harshly worded letters]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 2, 2018. − *Treene, Alayna (July 2, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/trump-sends-letters-to-nato-allies-defense-spending-b86e06dd-51bb-4547-9d03-bd06a9fb9c4a.html Trump sends letters to NATO allies demanding more defense spending]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 2, 2018.</ref> − **July 2018—President Trump took a tough stance at the annual [[NATO]] summit.<ref>Multiple references: − *Singman, Brooke (July 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/11/trump-tangles-with-nato-leaders-in-testy-start-to-brussels-summit.html Trump tangles with NATO leaders in testy start to Brussels summit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Ballhaus, Rebecca; Pop, Valentina (July 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-calls-for-allies-to-increase-defense-spending-at-start-of-nato-summit-1531297516 Trump and Merkel Clash at NATO Summit Over Defense Spending, Russian Gas Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (July 11, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396501-trump-demands-nato-allies-meet-10-year-defense-spending-goal Trump steps up attacks on NATO]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − However, some conservatives argued that President Trump did not go far enough with his criticisms of NATO: − *Shaw, C. Mitchell (August 20, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/29718-trumps-criticism-of-nato-doesnt-go-far-enough Trump’s Criticism of NATO Doesn’t Go Far Enough]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 20, 2018.</ref> Before and during the summit, he continued pressuring other NATO member states to increase their defense spending.<ref>Before the summit: − *Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (July 10, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/10/trumps-nato-trip-shrouded-in-his-continued-criticisms-alliance.html Trump's NATO trip shrouded in his continued criticisms of alliance]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Korte, Gregory (July 9, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/07/09/donald-trump-blasts-nato-allies-defense-spending/767179002/ President Trump blasts NATO allies ahead of trip, says contribution on defense not acceptable]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396316-trump-suggests-nato-members-reimburse-us-for-defense-costs Trump suggests NATO members reimburse US for defense costs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/09/trump-presses-germany-spending-eu-trade-deficit-nato/ Trump Presses Germany Spending and EU Trade Deficit Ahead of NATO]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − President Trump also criticized the EU's trade policies: − *Moons, Michelle (July 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/10/trump-hits-eu-trade-barriers-nato-well-work-something-out/ Trump Hits EU Trade Barriers and NATO: ‘We’ll Work Something Out’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (July 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396345-trump-blasts-european-trade-surplus-defense-spending-ahead-of-nato Trump blasts EU on trade, defense spending ahead of NATO summit]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − During the summit: − *Friedman, Victoria (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/trump-criticise-delinquent-nato-allies-military-spending/ Trump Criticises ‘Delinquent’ NATO Allies on Military Spending]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 11, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396452-trump-begins-nato-summit-with-attacks-on-delinquent-allies Trump begins NATO summit with attacks on 'delinquent' allies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 11, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396485-trump-suggests-nato-allies-raise-target-spending-level Trump suggests NATO allies raise target spending level]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/trump-demands-nato-allies-immediately-pay-2-not-in-2025/ Trump Demands NATO Allies Immediately Pay 2%, Not in 2025]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − President Trump suggested that the NATO member states double their defense spending targets to 4% of their GDPs: − *Lane, Oliver JJ (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/calling-allies-more-double-military-spending-trump-piles-pressure-nato-summit/ Calling on Allies to More Than Double Military Spending, Trump Piles on Pressure at NATO Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *De Lea, Brittany (July 11, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-ups-nato-contribution-target-as-allies-lag-on-defense-spending Trump ups NATO contribution target as allies lag on defense spending]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Ballhaus, Rebecca; Pop, Valentina (July 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-calls-for-allies-to-increase-defense-spending-at-start-of-nato-summit-1531297516 Trump Urges NATO to Double Military-Spending Target to 4% of GDP]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Rogan, Tom (July 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trumps-4-percent-nato-target-is-a-righteous-rebuke-to-nato-freeloaders-and-to-russia Trump's 4 percent NATO target is a righteous rebuke to NATO freeloaders and to Russia]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 11, 2018.</ref> He also pointed out Germany's hypocrisy in relying on the U.S. for defense but being dependent on Russia – a supposed enemy – for its energy needs,<ref>Multiple references: − *Lane, Oliver JJ (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/trump-starts-nato-summit-on-front-foot-blasts-hypocritical-germany-as-captive-of-russians/ Trump Starts NATO Summit on Front Foot, Blasts Hypocritical Germany as ‘Captive of Russians’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (July 11, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/11/trump-opening-summit-with-wary-nato-allies/ Trump claims Germany 'totally controlled' by Russia, airs list of grievances]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 11, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/396425-trump-germany-captive-to-russia-after-pipeline-deal Trump: Germany 'captive' to Russia after pipeline deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *DeMarche, Edmund (July 11, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/11/trump-nato-head-stoltenberg-have-testy-exchange-at-summit.html Trump, NATO head Stoltenberg have testy exchange at summit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Mason, Jeff; Siebold, Sabine; Emmott, Robin (July 11, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-summit/at-nato-abrasive-trump-lashes-germany-for-being-russian-captive-idUSKBN1K032D At NATO, abrasive Trump lashes Germany for being Russian 'captive']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Peker, Emre (July 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-slams-germany-over-gas-imports-from-russia-1531339694 Trump Slams Germany Over Gas Imports From Russia]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − See also: − *Moons, Michelle (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/11/trump-germany-merkel-discuss-russia-gas-pipeline/ Trump and Germany’s Merkel Discuss Russia Gas Pipeline]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (July 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/12/trump-nato-discussed-pipeline-from-russia-to-germany-at-length/ Trump: NATO Discussed Pipeline from Russia to Germany ‘at Length’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (September 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/09/19/polish-president-backs-trump-warning-nato-of-russia-germany-pipeline/ Polish President Backs Trump Warning NATO of Russia-Germany Pipeline]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Lane, Oliver JJ (November 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/11/four-months-after-trumps-warning-over-russian-gas-dependence-german-lawmakers-urge-merkel-to-act/ Four Months After Trump’s Warning over Russian Gas Dependence, German Lawmakers Urge Merkel to Act]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2018.</ref> and he said he warned the European countries about their immigration problems.<ref>Friedman, Victoria (July 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/12/trump-nato-immigration-is-taking-over-europe/ Trump at NATO: ‘Immigration Is Taking Over Europe’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref> At the end of the summit, President Trump stated that NATO's member states had increased their contribution pledges due to his tough stance.<ref>Multiple references: − *[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/12/trump-dubs-himself-stable-genius-calls-nato-summit-success.html Trump dubs himself 'stable genius,' calls NATO summit a success]. ''Fox News''. July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (July 12, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/12/donald-trump-gets-nato-members-spend-more-defense/ Mission accomplished: Trump says NATO members agree to spend more on defense]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Lane, Oliver JJ (July 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/07/12/trump-emerges-nato-emergency-session-victorious-alliance-members-will-pay-more/ Trump Declares Victory After NATO Meeting: Says Members Committed to Pay More]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Mason, Jeff; James, William; Emmott, Robin (July 11, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nato-summit/after-trumps-spending-demands-nato-summit-turns-to-afghanistan-idUSKBN1K135H Trump claims victory after forcing NATO crisis talks]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − Some European countries, such as France, disputed President Trump's statements on higher contribution pledges: − *Samson, Adam (July 12, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/f73ebf10-85c6-11e8-a29d-73e3d454535d Macron: Nato members did not agree to extra spending boost]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/12/trumps-claim-that-nato-will-boost-defense-spending-disputed.html Trump’s claim that NATO will boost defense spending disputed]. ''CNBC'' (from the ''Associated Press''). July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Stearns, Jonathan; Donahue, Patrick; Talev, Margaret (July 12, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-12/leaders-hold-unplanned-emergency-session-nato-update U.S. Allies Play Down Trump's Spending Claims: NATO Update]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − President Trump's commitment to NATO: − *Byas, Steve (July 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29519-trump-backs-off-threat-to-pull-out-of-nato-but-should-he Trump Backs off Threat to Pull out of NATO — But Should He?] ''The New American''. Retrieved July 12, 2018. − *Ballhaus, Rebecca; Norman, Laurence; Wall, Robert (July 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-makes-final-rounds-at-nato-summit-after-sharp-criticisms-and-demands-1531387518 Trump Unsettles NATO Allies With Demands as He Backs Alliance]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 13, 2018. − See also: − *Moons, Michelle (July 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/12/trump-nato-now-stronger-ahead-of-putin-summit/ Trump: NATO Now ‘Stronger’ Ahead of Putin Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref> − *Based on several U.S. strategic documents and other government reports, the Trump Administration was taking a stronger stance against China compared to its predecessors.<ref>Bishop, Bill (January 26, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/trumps-new-china-strategy-appears-more-contentious-52f46998-7f4a-4a88-936b-76905f7bd708.html Trump's new China strategy appears more contentious]. ''Axios''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.<br>See also: − *Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (August 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-expected-to-unveil-25-tariffs-on-proposed-200-billion-in-chinese-imports-1533147299 U.S. Pressures China With Punitive Trade, Defense Measures]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 3, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan; Chalfant, Morgan (October 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/410484-trump-expands-anti-china-effort Trump expands anti-China effort]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 9, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Lubold, Gordon; O'Keeffe, Kate; Page, Jeremy (October 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-edges-toward-new-cold-war-era-with-china-1539355839 U.S. Edges Toward New Cold-War Era With China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *O'Keeffe, Kate (November 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-deploys-new-tactics-to-curb-chinas-intellectual-property-theft-1542027624 U.S. Adopts New Battle Plan to Fight China’s Theft of Trade Secrets]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 14, 2018. − *Akan, Emel (November 12, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/white-house-opens-new-front-in-china-trade-war_2714207.html White House Opens New Front in China Trade War]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 14, 2018. − *Mandhana, Niharika (November 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-embarks-on-tortoise-vs-hare-investment-race-with-china-1542105003 U.S. Fights China for Influence, One Project at a Time]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 14, 2018. − *O'Keeffe, Kate (December 3, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-tensions-go-beyond-trade-conflicts-1543892461 U.S.-China Tensions Go Beyond Trade Conflicts]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Baker, Trent (December 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/video/2018/12/10/pompeo-china-is-biggest-threat-to-the-united-states/ Pompeo: China Is Biggest Threat to the United States]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 11, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (December 12, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/us-anti-propaganda-team-fights-chinas-predatory-lending US anti-propaganda team fights China’s predatory lending]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 12, 2018. − The Pentagon continued to have relatively cooperative relations with China: − *Wong, Kristina (October 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/18/china-pentagon-trade-war/ China ‘Sputtering’: Beijing Latches on to Pentagon as U.S.-China Relations Sour]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 18, 2018. − *Wong, Kristina (November 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/15/china-pentagon-trade-war-2/ China’s Secret Diplomacy to Save Its Relationship with the Pentagon]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.</ref> The U.S. also took a tougher stance specifically in relation to Taiwan.<ref>Wong, Kristina (August 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/06/trump-pentagon-assertive-china-taiwan/ EXCLUSIVE: Trump’s Pentagon Taking More Assertive Stance Against China on Taiwan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 6, 2018.<br>See also: − *Wong, Kristina (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/10/pentagon-navy-china-south-china-sea/ Senior Pentagon Official Says U.S. Navy Will Keep Challenging China in South China Sea]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.</ref> On September 7, 2018, the U.S. recalled three of its ambassadors because the countries they were stationed in had cut ties with Taiwan in favor of China,<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (September 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/08/state-dept-recalls-ambassadors-from-countries-that-cut-ties-with-taiwan-under-chinese-bullying/ State Dept Recalls Ambassadors from Countries that Cut Ties with Taiwan Under Chinese Bullying]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 8, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-taiwan/u-s-recalls-diplomats-in-el-salvador-panama-dominican-republic-over-taiwan-idUSKCN1LO00N U.S. recalls diplomats in El Salvador, Panama, Dominican Republic over Taiwan]. ''Reuters''. September 7, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018. − *Webber, Jude (September 7, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/1bf84e7c-b301-11e8-8d14-6f049d06439c US recalls ambassadors over recognition of China]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 8, 2018. − *Smith, Nicola (September 8, 2018). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/09/08/us-recalls-top-envoys-panama-el-salvador-dominican-republic/ US recalls top envoys to Panama, El Salvador and Dominican Republic over Taiwan]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved September 8, 2018.</ref> though one day earlier, the State Department used terminology favored by China to refer to Taiwan.<ref>Wong, Kristina (September 7, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/07/state-department-tweet-calls-taiwan-chinese-taipei-using-china-approved-term/ State Department Tweet Calls Taiwan ‘Chinese Taipei,’ Using China-Approved Term]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 8, 2018.</ref> − **September 20, 2018—The Trump Administration sanctioned China for buying fighter jets and anti-aircraft missiles from Russia.<ref>Multiple references: − *Kew, Ben (September 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/09/21/u-s-sanctions-china-purchasing-russian-warheads/ U.S. Sanctions China for Purchasing Russian Warheads]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2018. − *Talley, Ian (September 20, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-rolls-out-new-guidelines-on-russia-sanctions-policy-1537463788 U.S. Hits Chinese Unit in New Phase of Sanctions on Russia]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 24, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (September 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/us-sanctions-china-over-arms-deals-with-russia US sanctions China over arms deals with Russia]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 24, 2018. − See also: − *O'Reilly, Andrew (September 25, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/25/trump-administrations-sanctions-on-chinese-military-agency-widens-rift-between-washington-and-beijing.html Trump administration's sanctions on Chinese military agency widens rift between Washington and Beijing]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> − **Among the actions the Trump Administration took related to Taiwan, gave U.S. manufacturers permission to share submarine technology with the country so it could build its own submarines,<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-usa-submarines/trump-administration-grants-license-for-taiwan-submarine-project-report-idUSKBN1HE0PU Trump administration grants license for Taiwan submarine project: report]. ''Reuters''. April 7, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018. − *Huang, Paul (April 10, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-gives-boost-to-taiwans-submarine-program-by-sharing-us-tech_2490405.html Trump Gives Boost to Taiwan’s Submarine Program by Sharing US Tech]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 13, 2018. − *Yeo, Mike (April 9, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2018/04/09/us-state-department-oks-license-for-submarine-tech-sales-to-taiwan/ US State Department OKs license for submarine tech sales to Taiwan]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> and it opened a new de facto embassy in June 2018 which symbolized its strengthening of relations with the country.<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (June 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/06/12/u-s-angers-china-opening-de-facto-embassy-taiwan/ U.S. Angers China by Opening De Facto Embassy in Taiwan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 12, 2018. − *Yu, Jess Macy (June 11, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-diplomacy/us-shows-new-de-facto-embassy-in-taiwan-amid-china-tensions-idUSKBN1J72QS U.S. shows new de facto embassy in Taiwan amid China tensions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 12, 2018. − *Manchester, Julia (June 12, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/391799-us-opens-de-facto-embassy-in-taiwan-as-trade-tensions-escalate-with US opens de facto embassy in Taiwan as China trade tensions escalate]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 12, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-opens-new-de-facto-embassy-in-taiwan-angering-china/4435101.html US Opens New De-Facto Embassy in Taiwan, Angering China]. ''Voice of America''. June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018. − *White, Edward (June 12, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/b92a361a-6dce-11e8-92d3-6c13e5c92914 US opens new $255m de facto embassy in Taiwan]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved June 14, 2018. − *Jennings, Ralph (June 11, 2018). [https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/us-lauds-its-ties-with-taiwan-on-dedication-of-new-office/ US lauds Taiwan ties in dedication of new de-facto embassy]. ''The Seattle Times''. Retrieved June 12, 2018.</ref> On August 19, 2018, Taiwan's president became the first Taiwanese leader to visit a U.S. federal building when she toured [[NASA]]'s Johnson Space Center.<ref>Multiple references: − *Hayward, John (August 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/20/china-objects-taiwanese-president-historic-nasa-visit/ China Objects After Taiwanese President Makes Historic NASA Visit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Panda, Ankit (August 21, 2018). [https://thediplomat.com/2018/08/dont-miss-the-significance-of-taiwanese-president-tsai-ing-wens-nasa-visit/ Don't Miss the Significance of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen's NASA Visit]. ''The Diplomat''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Johnson, Jesse (August 20, 2018). [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/20/asia-pacific/politics-diplomacy-asia-pacific/tsai-ing-wen-becomes-first-sitting-taiwanese-leader-set-foot-inside-u-s-federal-building-move-expected-enrage-china/#.W3wNrehKhPY In first for a Taiwan leader, Tsai Ing-wen tours federal facilities during U.S. stopover]. ''The Japan Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2018. − *Horton, Chris (August 19, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/19/world/asia/taiwan-president-china-us-relations.html Taiwan President Stops in U.S. as Relations Warm, Angering China]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2018.</ref> In September 2018, the U.S. approved a $300 million arms sale to Taiwan.<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (September 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/25/u-s-approves-330m-arms-sale-to-taiwan-as-vatican-reaches-deal-with-rival-china/ U.S. Approves $330M Arms Sale to Taiwan as Vatican Reaches Deal with Rival China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *White, Edward; Hille, Kathrin (September 25, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/43a80396-c05c-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a US agrees $330m arms sale to bolster Taiwan defences]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-taiwan-military/u-s-approves-330-million-military-sale-to-taiwan-idUSKCN1M42J9 U.S. approval of $330 million military sale to Taiwan draws China's ire]. ''Reuters''. September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018. − *Jennings, Ralph (September 26, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-military-sale-to-taiwan/4587684.html US Proposes Selling Taiwan Arms – This Time without Angering China]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 26, 2018.</ref> − **The U.S. military challenged China by sailing warships in waters claimed by China, including on September 30, 2018,<ref>Multiple references: − *Tomlinson, Lucas (September 30, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-warship-sails-by-contested-island-chain-in-south-china-sea-in-message-to-beijing-official-says US warship sails by contested island chain in South China Sea in message to Beijing, official says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 22, 2018. − *Lubold, Gordon; Page, Jeremy (September 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/american-warship-sails-near-spratly-islands-challenging-china-1538290867 American Warship Sails Near Disputed Islands, Challenging China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2018. − *Mass, Warren (October 22, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30216-u-s-ship-sails-near-disputed-south-china-sea-islands-in-freedom-of-navigation-operation U.S. Ship Sails Near Disputed South China Sea Islands in “Freedom of Navigation” Operation]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 22, 2018.</ref> and October 22, 2018.<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (October 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/22/us-navy-two-warships-taiwan-strait-china/ U.S. Navy Sends Two Warships Through the Taiwan Strait]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 23, 2018. − *Youssef, Nancy A. (October 22, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-warships-transit-taiwan-strait-in-defiance-of-china-1540222457 U.S. Warships Transit Taiwan Strait in Defiance of China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2018. − *Lee, Yimou; Ali, Idrees; Stewart, Phil (October 22, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-us/u-s-warships-pass-through-taiwan-strait-amid-china-tensions-idUSKCN1MW1Z0 U.S. warships pass through Taiwan Strait amid China tensions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 22, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (October 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/412560-navy-sails-two-warships-through-taiwan-strait Navy sails two warships through Taiwan Strait]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 22, 2018.</ref> The United States took a strong stance on maintaining freedom of navigation in the [[South China Sea]].<ref>Multiple references: − *Watts, Jake Maxwell (November 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/bolton-warns-china-against-limiting-free-passage-in-south-china-sea-1542110191 Bolton Warns China Against Limiting Free Passage in South China Sea]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 13, 2018. − *Martel, Frances (November 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2018/11/13/john-bolton-u-s-will-oppose-beijing-deals-blocking-passage-in-south-china-sea/ John Bolton: U.S. Will Oppose Beijing Deals Blocking Passage in South China Sea]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 13, 2018.</ref> − *January 19, 2017—The Department of Defense released its National Defense Strategy, which shifted its strategic focus away from the main focus on counterterrorism adopted by previous administrations and toward effectively countering the threats posed by nation states – such as Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea.<ref>Multiple references: − *Muñoz, Carlo (January 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/19/pentagon-shifts-away-terrorism-threats/ Pentagon sets sights on Russia, China in major shift away from anti-terror mission]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − *Gertz, Bill (January 19, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/pentagon-shifts-strategic-focus-terrorism-nation-states/ Pentagon Shifts Strategic Focus from Terrorism to Nation States]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − *Capaccio, Anthony (January 19, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-19/rising-threat-from-china-russia-dominate-trump-defense-strategy-jcm1xi6v Terror Loses Top Spot to Russia and China on U.S. Threat List]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − *Riley-Smith, Ben (January 19, 2018). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/19/confronting-china-russia-not-tackling-terrorism-now-americas/ Confronting China and Russia, not tackling terrorism, is now America's top security priority]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − See also: − *Tomlinson, Lucas (January 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/19/mattis-us-military-advantage-over-china-and-russia-eroding.html Mattis: US military advantage over China and Russia 'eroding']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − *Eckel, Mike (January 19, 2018). [https://www.rferl.org/a/pentagon-mattis-calls-russia-china-revisionist-powers/28985632.html Pentagon Chief Calls Russia, China 'Revisionist Powers']. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. Retrieved January 19, 2018.</ref> The strategy took a significantly harder line on China compared to the Obama Administration,<ref>Wong, Kristina (January 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/01/19/national-defense-strategy-china-strategic-competitor-using-predatory-economics/ National Defense Strategy: China a ‘Strategic Competitor Using Predatory Economics’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 19, 2018.</ref> and it emphasized the need for U.S. allies to pay a greater share for their defense to reduce the U.S.'s burden.<ref>Multiple references: − *Mitchell, Ellen (January 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/369759-china-russia-listed-as-top-threats-in-pentagons-new-national-defense-strategy China, Russia listed as top threats in Pentagon's new National Defense Strategy]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 19, 2018. − *Ali, Idrees (January 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-military-china-russia/u-s-military-puts-great-power-competition-at-heart-of-strategy-mattis-idUSKBN1F81TR U.S. military puts 'great power competition' at heart of strategy: Mattis]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 19, 2018.</ref> − *February 2, 2018—The Trump Administration released its Nuclear Posture Review, which took a tougher stance against Russia than the Obama Administration and called for actions to expand U.S. nuclear capabilities in order to counter Russia and, to a lesser extent, China, Iran, and North Korea.<ref>Multiple references: − *Tomlinson, Lucas; Griffin, Jennifer (February 3, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/03/pentagon-announces-plan-to-expand-nuclear-arsenal-in-face-russian-threat.html Pentagon announces plan to expand nuclear arsenal in face of Russian threat]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Mitchell, Ellen (February 2, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/372099-pentagon-unveils-policy-focused-on-deterring-russia-with-smaller-nukes Pentagon unveils policy focused on deterring Russia with smaller nukes]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Babb, Carla (February 2, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/pentagon-adding-new-nuclear-capabilities/4237396.html Pentagon Adding New Nuclear Capabilities, Keeping Nuclear Triad to Deter Attacks]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (February 2, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/feb/2/trump-releases-plan-enhance-us-nuclear-capabilitie/ Trump releases plan to enhance U.S. nuclear capabilities]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Ali, Idrees (February 2, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-nuclear-russia-military/with-an-eye-on-russia-u-s-to-increase-nuclear-capabilities-idUSKBN1FM2J0 With an eye on Russia, U.S. to increase nuclear capabilities]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Sanger, David E.; Broad, William J. (February 4, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/us/politics/trump-nuclear-russia.html To Counter Russia, US Signals Nuclear Arms Are Back in a Big Way]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − The Trump Administration's nuclear policy was tougher toward Russia than the Obama Administration's: − *Pollak, Joel B. (February 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/02/02/trump-nuclear-strategy-aggressive-toward-russia-obama/ AP: Trump’s Nuclear Doctrine More Aggressive Toward Russia than Obama’s]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 7, 2018. − *Burns, Robert (February 3, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/1c6259ee78e14a6eb112279e2850798b Trump taking tougher stance on Russia nuclear threat]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved February 7, 2018.</ref> − *April 13, 2018—After the Syrian government reportedly used chemical weapons on its people, President Trump ordered precision missile strikes on certain military installations in the country, in coordination with the French and UK governments.<ref>Multiple references: − *Joyce, Kathleen (April 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/04/14/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime.html US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (April 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/13/donald-trump-orders-missile-strikes-on-syria-in-response-to-crimes-of-a-monster/ Donald Trump Orders Missile Strikes on Syria in Response to ‘Crimes of a Monster’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave; Boylan, Dan (April 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/13/us-allies-launch-missile-attack-syria/ U.S., allies launch missile attack on Syria in retaliation for using chemical weapons on civilians]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Youssef, Nancy A.; Bender, Michael C. (April 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-u-k-launch-strikes-against-syria-1523668212 U.S., U.K. and France Launch Strikes Against Syria]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − President Trump's statement announcing the airstrikes: − *[https://www.c-span.org/video/?444077-1/president-trump-announces-military-action-syria President Trump Remarks on Syria]. ''C-SPAN''. April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − See also: − *[http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/04/16/us-missile-attack-on-syria-captured-in-stunning-pentagon-video.html US missile attack on Syria captured in stunning Pentagon video]. ''Fox News''. April 16, 2018. April 20, 2018. − *Binder, John (April 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/13/pilots-manning-aircraft-involved-in-carrying-out-trumps-syria-strike/ Pilots Manning Aircraft Involved in Carrying Out Trump’s Syria Strike]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> According to the Pentagon the following day, the U.S. and its allies launched 105 missiles that successfully hit all three targets and crippled the Syrian chemical weapons program.<ref>Multiple references: − *Weber, Joseph (April 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/14/pentagon-us-allies-launched-105-missiles-in-syria-successfully-hit-all-three-targets.html Pentagon: US, allies launched 105 missiles in Syria, 'successfully' hit all three targets]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Stewart, Phil; Perry, Tom (April 14, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria/u-s-says-air-strikes-cripple-syria-chemical-weapons-program-idUSKBN1HJ0ZS U.S. says air strikes cripple Syria chemical weapons program]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Boylan, Dan (April 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/14/pentagon-us-airstrikes-hit-heart-syrias-chemical-w/ Airstrikes ‘hit the heart’ of Syria’s chemical-weapons program, set it back ‘for years’: Pentagon]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Mitchell, Ellen (April 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/383168-pentagon-claims-successful-strike-on-all-targets-in-syria Pentagon claims successful strike on all targets in Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Cooper, Helene; Hubbard, Ben (April 14, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/14/world/middleeast/syria-airstrikes-analysis.html Pentagon Says Syria Strikes Hit 'Heart' of Chemical Weapons Program]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − Satellite images showed the same conclusion: − *Danan, Deborah (April 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/04/15/satellite-photos-show-chemical-weapons-sites-destroyed-after-u-s-led-strikes/ Satellite Photos Show Syrian Chemical Weapons Sites Destroyed After U.S.-Led Strikes]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − President Trump's reaction: − *Weber, Joseph (April 14, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/14/trump-touts-perfectly-executed-strike-on-syria-declares-mission-accomplished.html Trump touts 'perfectly executed' strike on Syria, declares 'Mission Accomplished']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 20, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (April 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/14/morning-donald-trump-declares-mission-accomplished-syria/ Morning After: Donald Trump Declares ‘Mission Accomplished!’ in Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-trump/trump-mission-accomplished-on-perfectly-executed-syria-strike-idUSKBN1HL0TW Trump: 'mission accomplished' on 'perfectly executed' Syria strike]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − According to a report a few days later, the Syrian government still had the ability to conduct chemical weapons attacks: − *Walcott, John; Stewart, Phil (April 18, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-chemicalweapons/despite-strikes-syrias-assad-can-still-wage-chemical-attacks-u-s-sources-idUSKBN1HQ06E Despite strikes, Syria's Assad can still wage chemical attacks: U.S. sources]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Re, Gregg (April 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/04/19/airstrikes-by-us-allies-failed-to-significantly-reduce-syrias-chemical-weapons-capabilities-report.html Airstrikes by US, allies failed to significantly reduce Syria's chemical weapons capabilities: report]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Burns, Robert (April 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/14/trump-us-allied-strikes-aimed-at-syrias-chemical-w/ Trump claims success in Syria, but chemical weapons remain]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved April 22, 2018. − See also: − *Gamio, Lazaro (April 14, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/map-syria-air-strikes-74783b64-f874-43f7-b699-8a9bb1f33adf.html Map: Where the airstrikes hit in Syria]. ''Axios''. Retrieved April 18, 2018.</ref> The following day, the UN Security Council rejected a Russian proposal to condemn the attacks.<ref>Multiple references: − *Fassihi, Farnaz (April 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-security-council-rejects-resolution-condemning-u-s-led-airstrikes-in-syria-1523748077 U.N. Security Council Rejects Resolution Condemning U.S.-Led Airstrikes in Syria]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Boylan, Dan (April 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/14/un-security-council-rejects-russian-bid-condemn-us/ U.N. Security Council rejects Russian bid to condemn U.S.-led strikes on Syria]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> While many strong conservatives criticized the airstrikes as a betrayal of the America First agenda that Trump ran on in 2016,<ref>Multiple references: − *Kheel, Rebecca (April 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/383615-trump-draws-criticism-from-his-base-over-syria Trump draws criticism from his base over Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Thomsen, Jacqueline (April 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/383147-conservatives-trump-supporters-slam-trump-over-syria-missile-strike Trump supporters slam decision to launch strikes against Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Tennant, Michael (April 18, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/28778-trump-bombs-syria-and-his-base Trump Bombs Syria — and His Base]. ''The New American''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Duke, Selwyn (April 14, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/item/28757-serious-in-syria-does-ww-iii-philia-afflict-washington Serious in Syria: Does WW III-philia Afflict Washington?] ''The New American''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − Some conservatives also defended the airstrikes: − *Kraychik, Robert (April 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2018/04/14/gorka-syria-trump-not-neo-conservative-not-bush/ Exclusive — Sebastian Gorka on Syria: ‘Trump Is Not a Neo-Conservative’; ‘This Is Not George Bush’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (April 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/13/trumps-syria-strike-also-sends-diplomatic-message/ Trump’s Syria Strike Also Sends Diplomatic Message to Allies and Enemies Alike]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − See also: − *Glick, Caroline (April 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/jerusalem/2018/04/16/caroline-glick-key-points-u-s-led-syria-strike/ Caroline Glick: 5 Key Points About the U.S.-Led Syria Strike]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018. − *Wong, Kristina (April 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/14/president-trump-sell-syria-strikes-deplorables/ How Does President Trump Sell the Syria Strikes to Deplorables?] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 18, 2018.</ref> the airstrikes were reportedly limited in scope and purpose,<ref name="SyriaRestrained"/> intended to stop Syria from using chemical weapons and to send a message to the government's allies,<ref>Bender, Michael C.; Radnofsky, Louise (April 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-strikes-aimed-at-ending-syrias-use-of-chemical-weapons-sending-message-to-russia-and-iran-1523673529 Trump Says Strikes Aimed at Ending Syria’s Use of Chemical Weapons, Sending Message to Russia and Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> and designed not to inflame tensions in the area or drag the U.S. further into the conflict.<ref name="SyriaRestrained">Multiple references: − *Gordon, Michael R.; Nissenbaum, Dion (April 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-upholds-its-red-line-in-syria-while-steering-clear-of-russias-1523680020 U.S. Upholds Its Red Line in Syria, While Steering Clear of Russia’s]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *MacAskill, Ewen (April 14, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/14/trumps-attack-on-syria-is-not-without-risk-but-its-not-world-war-three Limited US action against Syria suggests conflict unlikely to escalate]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Lubold, Gordon; Nissenbaum, Dion (April 16, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-bowed-to-pentagon-restraint-on-syria-strikes-1523837509 Trump Bowed to Pentagon Restraint on Syria Strikes]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Baker, Peter; Gladstone, Rick (April 13, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/trump-syria-attack.html President Trump Talked Tough. But His Strike on Syria Was Restrained.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> The U.S. government also stated it would not launch any more attacks unless the Syrian government used chemical weapons again.<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (April 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/13/mattis-syria-strikes-a-one-time-shot-further-operations-will-depend-on-assad/ Mattis: Syria Strikes a ‘One-Time Shot,’ Further Operations Will Depend on Assad]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Stewart, Phil; Ali, Idrees (April 13, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-mattis/u-s-fires-one-time-shot-at-syria-after-chlorine-attack-idUSKBN1HL04K U.S. fires 'one-time shot' at Syria after chlorine attack]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Johnson, Bridget (April 13, 2018). [https://pjmedia.com/homeland-security/one-time-shot-trio-airstrikes-syria-now-says-pentagon/ 'One-Time Shot' Trio of Airstrikes on Syria Over for Now, Says Pentagon]. ''PJ Media''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/defense-secretary-mattis-says-strikes-against-syria-are-a-one-time-shot Defense Secretary Mattis says strikes against Syria are a ‘one-time shot’]. ''PBS News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − See also: − *Shaw, Adam (April 22, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/14/haley-warns-us-is-locked-and-loaded-if-syria-uses-chemical-weapons-again.html Haley warns US is 'locked and loaded' if Syria uses chemical weapons again]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (April 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/14/haley-russia-future-gas-attacks-syria-united-states-locked-loaded/ Nikki Haley to Russia on Future Gas Attacks in Syria: ‘The United States Is Locked and Loaded’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> − *April 20, 2018—In the State Department's annual human rights report, in addition to criticizing countries such as China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea for human rights abuses,<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.rferl.org/a/u-s-slams-russia-iran-as-morally-reprehensible-for-rights-violations/29182900.html U.S. Slams Russia, Iran As 'Morally Reprehensible' For Rights Violations]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Winter, Chase (April 21, 2018). [http://p.dw.com/p/2wQon US human rights report calls China, Russia, Iran and North Korea 'forces of instability']. ''Deutsche Welle''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Schwartz, Felicia (April 20, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/human-rights-report-by-u-s-singles-out-russia-china-and-iran-1524259613 Human Rights Report by U.S. Singles Out Russia, China and Iran]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy (April 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/20/trump-admin-hits-russia-china-iran-north-korea-ann/ Trump admin hits Russia, China, Iran, North Korea in annual human rights report]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − See also: − *Zaimov, Stoyan (April 23, 2018). [https://www.christianpost.com/news/top-8-countries-most-horrific-human-rights-records-abuse-rape-us-state-department-223251/ Top 8 Countries With Most Horrific Human Rights Records, Abuse, Rape Listed by US State Dept.] ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</ref> it removed the phrases "occupied" and "occupation" when referring to Israel's authority over the [[West Bank]],<ref>Multiple references: − *Barrow, Tzippe (April 23, 2018). [http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2018/april/us-state-dept-report-drops-occupied-from-references-to-judea-and-samaria US State Dept Report Drops 'Occupied' from References to Judea and Samaria]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Unruh, Bob (April 23, 2018). [http://www.wnd.com/2018/04/state-department-drops-occupied-from-west-bank-description/ State Department drops 'occupied' from West Bank description]. ''WND''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Tibon, Amir (April 21, 2018). [https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-under-trump-u-s-no-longer-calls-west-bank-occupied-1.6013432 Under Trump, U.S. Human Rights Report No Longer Calls West Bank 'Occupied']. ''Haaretz''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Atkins, Jacob (April 20, 2018). [https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/172793-180420-state-department-drops-mention-of-west-bank-gaza-as-occupied State Department drops mention of West Bank, Gaza as 'occupied' in rights report]. ''i24NEWS''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Cortellessa, Eric (April 21, 2018). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/trumps-state-department-no-longer-calls-west-bank-occupied-in-annual-report/ Trump’s State Department no longer calls West Bank ‘occupied’ in annual report]. ''The Times of Israel''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Ravid, Barak (April 20, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/state-department-stops-using-occupation-in-israel-report-e4f90d05-198b-4627-becf-edf453924742.html State Department report cuts references to Israeli "occupation"]. ''Axios''. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</ref><ref name="MorelloWaPo">Morello, Carol (April 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/state-department-strikes-reproductive-rights-occupied-territories-from-annual-report/2018/04/20/46ef0874-44a6-11e8-ad8f-27a8c409298b_story.html State Department strikes reproductive rights, ‘Occupied Territories’ from human rights report]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</ref> and it removed the Obama-era policy of listing abortion as a "human right."<ref name="MorelloWaPo"/><ref>Multiple references: − *Freiburger, Calvin (April 24, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trump-administration-declares-abortion-is-not-a-human-right Trump administration declares abortion is ‘not a human right’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Berry, Susan (May 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/02/state-department-drops-reproductive-rights-list-human-rights/ State Department Drops ‘Reproductive Rights’ from List of Human Rights]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 2, 2018. − *Heretik, Jack (April 20, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/state-department-releases-annual-human-rights-report-says-abortion-isnt-human-right-international-law/ State Department Releases Annual Human Rights Report, Says Abortion Isn’t ‘Human Right Under International Law’]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Arter, Melanie (April 20, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/melanie-arter/state-dept-official-abortion-not-human-right State Dept. Official: Abortion Is Not a Human Right]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (April 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/foreign/state-department-abortion-is-not-a-human-right State Department: Abortion ‘is not a human right’]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 28, 2018. − See also: − *Zeal, Cillian (April 22, 2018). [https://www.westernjournal.com/ct/trump-state-dept-abortion-announcement/ Trump State Dept. Just Issued Abortion Announcement We’ve Been Waiting For]. ''Conservative Tribune''. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</ref> Despite this, the report was still biased in favor of the [[homosexual agenda]].<ref>Ruse, Austin (April 30, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/killing-unborn-children-not-a-human-right-says-state-department Killing unborn children not a human right, says State Department]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''C-Fam''). Retrieved May 2, 2018.</ref> − *As in 2017, the Trump Administration remained successful in freeing Americans detained in other countries.<ref>Multiple references: − *O'Reilly, Andrew; Llorente, Elizabeth (May 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/09/trump-administration-finds-success-in-bringing-home-detained-americans.html Trump administration finds success in bringing home detained Americans]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 12, 2018. − *Mora, Edwin (May 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/09/trump-so-far-wins-release-of-at-least-14-american-hostages/ Trump Era Brings Home 14 Unjustly Detained Americans and Counting]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 12, 2018.</ref> For example, three Americans were released from North Korea through the Trump Administration in May 2018,<ref name="ThreeReleased"/> and one American was released from Venezuela later that month.<ref>Multiple references: − *Zwirz, Elizabeth (May 27, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/27/trump-meets-with-utah-man-whos-back-in-us-after-long-captivity-in-venezuela.html Trump meets with Utah man who's back in US after long captivity in Venezuela]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018. − *Bowden (May 26, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/389535-american-held-in-venezuela-for-two-years-reunites-with-family Former US prisoner Josh Holt returns from Venezuela]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 27, 2018. − *Salama, Vivian; Forero, Juan; Vyas, Kejal (May 27, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/utah-missionary-set-to-be-freed-from-venezuela-detention-1527349209 Utah Man Returns to U.S. After Two-Year Detention in Venezuela]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 27, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (May 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/26/white-house-donald-trump-welcomes-home-venezuela-hostage-joshua-holt/ White House–Donald Trump Welcomes Home Venezuela Hostage Joshua Holt]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018. − *Landay, Jonathan; Berwick, Angus (May 26, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-usa/u-s-missionary-home-after-two-years-behind-bars-in-venezuela-idUSKCN1IR0FV U.S. missionary home after two years behind bars in Venezuela]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 27, 2018. − *Hayes, Christal; Wolf, Richard (May 26, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/26/donald-trump-release-utah-resident-josh-holt-venezuela/647229002/ American freed from Venezuela meets with President Trump: 'I'm just overwhelmed with gratitude']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.</ref> − **August 1, 2018—The Trump Administration sanctioned high-ranking Turkish officials for refusing to release detained American pastor [[Andrew Brunson]] because of charges the administration considered unjust.<ref>Multiple references: − *Berger, Judson (August 1, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/01/trump-administration-sanctions-turkish-officials-over-detained-american-pastor.html Trump administration sanctions Turkish officials over detained American pastor]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Nazarian, Adelle (August 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/01/treasury-dept-sanctions-turkish-officials-over-detention-of-u-s-pastor/ Treasury Department Sanctions Turkish Officials over Detention of U.S. Pastor]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (August 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/01/trump-admin-sanctions-turkey-officials-over-pastor-brunson-victim-of-unfair-and-unjust-detention/ Trump Admin Sanctions Turkey Officials Over Pastor Brunson, ‘Victim of Unfair and Unjust Detention’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (August 1, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/1/us-slaps-sanctions-turkish-officials-over-detainin/ U.S. slaps sanctions on Turkish officials over detaining of American pastor]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Lane, Sylvan (August 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/399923-treasuy-targets-turkish-officials-with-sanctions-over-jailing-of-us-pastor Treasury targets Turkish officials with sanctions over detained US pastor]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Nissenbaum, Dion (August 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-announces-sanctions-on-turkey-officials-over-detention-of-american-pastor-1533145659 U.S. Announces Sanctions on Turkey Officials Over Detention of American Pastor]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − The U.S. lifted the sanctions on November 2, 2018, after Brunson was released: − *Fabian, Jordan (November 2, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/414533-us-lifts-sanctions-on-turkish-officials-linked-to-pastors-detention US lifts sanctions on Turkish officials linked to pastor's detention]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Brice, Makini; Gumrukcu, Tuvan (November 2, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-usa-sanctions/u-s-lifts-sanctions-on-two-top-turkish-officials-idUSKCN1N71K2 U.S., Turkey lift sanctions in sign of easing tensions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − *Mohsin, Saleha (November 2, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-02/u-s-lifts-sanctions-on-turkish-officials-after-pastor-s-release U.S. Lifts Sanctions on Turkish Officials After Pastor's Release]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 2, 2018. − See also: − *Nazarian, Adelle (August 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/02/turkish-currency-falls-us-sanctions/ Turkish Currency Falls Following U.S. Religious Freedom Sanctions]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 2, 2018.</ref> On August 10, 2018, President Trump announced the U.S. would double its aluminum and steel tariffs against Turkey, an action related to the dispute over Brunson.<ref>Multiple references: − *Spiering, Charlie (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/10/trump-authorizes-more-steel-aluminum-tariffs-turkey/ Donald Trump Authorizes More Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Turkey]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Muñoz, Gabriella (August 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/10/donald-trump-decides-to-double-tariffs-on-turkey-r/ Trump decides to double tariffs on Turkey: Relations 'are not good at this time!'] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 11, 2018. − *Lane, Sylvan (August 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/401220-trump-doubles-tariffs-on-turkey Trump doubles tariffs on Turkey]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Lambert, Lisa (August 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-currency-usa/trump-doubles-tariffs-on-turkish-steel-and-aluminium-says-relations-not-good-idUSKBN1KV1H4 Trump escalates feud with Turkey, imposing higher metals tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Jackson, David; Shesgreen, Deirdre (August 10, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/10/trump-increases-tariffs-aluminum-turkey-imprisoned-us-pastor-andrew-brunson/955197002/ President Trump hits Turkey with heavier tariffs on steel and aluminum]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Ballhaus, Rebecca; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-vows-to-double-metals-tariffs-on-turkey-as-dispute-escalates-over-detained-american-1533906681 Trump Vows to Double Metals Tariffs on Turkey as Dispute Escalates Over Detained American]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Gall, Carlotta; Ewing, Jack (August 10, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/business/turkey-erdogan-economy-lira.html Tensions Between Turkey and U.S. Soar as Trump Orders New Sanctions]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-08-15/pdf/2018-17703.pdf Proclamation 9772 of August 10, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2018. − See also: − *Hayward, John (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/10/turkish-president-erdogan-scrambles-to-reassure-investors-as-lira-tumbles-under-trump-tariff-threat/ Turkish President Erdogan Scrambles to Reassure Investors as Lira Tumbles Under Trump Tariff Threat]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018. − *Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-break-from-precedent-trump-seeks-to-aggravate-turkeys-currency-crisis-not-calm-it-1534003201 In Break From Precedent, Trump’s Moves Aggravate Turkey’s Currency Crisis, Rather Than Calm It]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 11, 2018.</ref> The Turkish government released Brunson on October 12, 2018.<ref>Multiple references: − *Norman, Greg (October 12, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/andrew-brunson-american-pastor-detained-in-turkey-is-freed-sentenced-to-time-served Andrew Brunson, American pastor detained in Turkey, is freed, sentenced to time served]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Mora, Edwin (October 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/10/12/turkey-releases-american-pastor-brunson-we-hope-to-have-him-safely-back-home-soon/ Turkey Releases American Pastor Brunson: ‘We Hope to Have Him Safely Back Home Soon!’] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Bohon, Dave (October 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/30324-turkey-releases-u-s-pastor-imprisoned-for-two-years Turkey Releases U.S. Pastor Imprisoned for Two Years]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 13, 2018. − *Bowden, John (October 12, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/411131-american-pastor-andrew-brunson-freed-from-turkish-custody American pastor Andrew Brunson freed from Turkish custody]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Gauthier-Villars, David; Cullison, Alan (October 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-anxious-to-ease-u-s-tensions-to-free-american-pastor-1539352193 Turkey Frees American Pastor Andrew Brunson, in Bid to Ease U.S. Tensions]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Muñoz, Gabriella; Boyer, Dave (October 12, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/12/andrew-brunson-an-american-pastor-jailed-in-turkey/ Andrew Brunson, an American pastor jailed in Turkey, is now a free man: Reports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Erkoyun, Ezgi; Wither, Emily (October 12, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-usa/u-s-pastor-brunson-arrives-home-in-turkey-after-release-by-court-idUSKCN1MM1D3 U.S. pastor Brunson arrives home in Turkey after release by court]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (October 12, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/breaking-us-christian-pastor-freed-from-turkey-after-trump-admin-deal US Christian pastor freed from Turkey after Trump admin deal]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − President Trump met Brunson in the Oval Office after the latter's release: − *Shaw, Adam (October 13, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-meets-with-freed-american-pastor-andrew-brunson-in-oval-office Trump meets with freed American pastor Andrew Brunson in Oval Office]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 14, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (October 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/13/president-with-pastor-brunson-nations-dont-tend-to-take-americans-out-of-trump-administration/ President with Pastor Brunson: Nations Don’t Tend to Take Americans Out of Trump Administration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2018. − *Nicholas, Peter; Salama, Vivian (October 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-host-pastor-freed-from-turkey-at-white-house-1539441713 Pastor Arrives Back in U.S. After Two Years Detained in Turkey]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 14, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (October 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/13/donald-trump-welcomes-andrew-brunson-turkey/ Trump welcomes home freed American pastor Andrew Brunson]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2018. − *Adelmann, Bob (October 15, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/30330-pastor-released-from-turkish-prison-prays-for-president-trump-in-the-oval-office Pastor Released from Turkish Prison Prays for Trump in Oval Office]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (October 15, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/freed-pastor-prays-over-trump-asks-god-to-protect-him-from-slander-from-ene Freed pastor prays over Trump, asks God to ‘protect him from slander from enemies’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 16, 2018. − See also: − *Spiering, Charlie (October 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/12/andrew-brunson-donald-trump-celebrates-release/ Donald Trump Celebrates Release of Pastor Andrew Brunson]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (October 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/faith/2018/10/14/politico-evangelical-leaders-praise-trump-for-andrew-brunson-release/ Politico: Evangelical Leaders Praise Trump for Andrew Brunson Release]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2018. − *Salama, Vivian; Nicholas, Peter (October 14, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-promotes-pastors-release-on-the-campaign-trail-1539549444 Trump Promotes Pastor’s Release on the Campaign Trail]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 15, 2018. − *Nicholas, Peter (October 16, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/with-pastor-freed-trump-looks-to-reap-political-dividends-1539732876 With Pastor Freed, Trump Looks to Reap Political Dividends]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref> − *The Trump Administration continued enacting sanctions on [[Venezuela]]'s socialist government in 2018, including on January 5,<ref>Multiple references: − *Crabtree, Susan (January 5, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/u-s-treasury-slaps-new-sanctions-four-venezuelan-officials/ U.S. Treasury Slaps New Sanctions on Four Venezuelan Officials]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Mazzei, Patricia (January 5, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/05/world/americas/venezuela-us-sanctions-maduro.html U.S. Sanctions Four More Venezuela Officials]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-usa-sanctions/u-s-targets-former-venezuela-food-minister-in-new-sanctions-idUSKBN1EU1J9 U.S. targets former Venezuela food minister in new sanctions]. ''Reuters''. January 5, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.</ref> March 19,<ref>Multiple references: − *Kew, Ben (March 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/03/19/trump-bans-americans-from-buying-venezuelan-petro-cryptocurrency/ Trump Bans Americans from Buying Venezuelan ‘Petro’ Cryptocurrency]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (March 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/19/trump-slaps-sanctions-venezuela-cryptocurrencies/ U.S. slaps sanctions on Venezuela’s ‘scam’ digital currency]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Olorunnipa, Toluse; Laya, Patricia (March 19, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-19/trump-prohibits-u-s-purchases-of-venezuelan-cryptocurrency Trump Prohibits U.S. Purchases of Venezuelan Cryptocurrency]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 21, 2018.</ref> May 7,<ref>Multiple references: − *Rampton, Roberta; Ulmer, Alexandra (May 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-oas-pence-sanctions/us-imposes-sanctions-on-three-venezuelans-under-drug-kingpin-rules-idUSKBN1I81S1 U.S. imposes fresh sanctions on Venezuela, Pence calls for more action]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-administration-hits-3-venezuelans-20-companies-with-sanctions/ Trump administration hits 3 Venezuelans, 20 companies, with sanctions]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved May 21, 2018.</ref> May 21,<ref>Multiple references: − *Moons, Michelle (May 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/21/u-s-heaps-more-sanctions-on-venezuela-after-fraudulent-election/ U.S. Heaps More Sanctions on Venezuela After ‘Fraudulent Election’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Sanchez, Luis (May 21, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/388647-trump-issues-executive-order-prohibiting-transactions-with-venezuela Trump issues executive order targeting Venezuela]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Pentchoukov, Ivan (May 21, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-sanctions-venezuela-after-socialist-dictator-wins-sham-elections_2532371.html Trump Sanctions Venezuela After Socialist Dictator Maduro Wins Sham Election]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Rathbone, John Paul (May 21, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/3202dad2-5d27-11e8-9334-2218e7146b04 Trump bans purchase of Venezuelan debt in new sanctions]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − See also: − *Llorente, Elizabeth (May 21, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/21/re-election-venezuelan-president-denounced-as-sham-calls-grow-for-more-sanctions.html Re-election of Venezuelan president denounced as sham, calls grow for more sanctions]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Ulmer, Alexandra; Rampton, Roberta (May 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-election-reaction/re-elected-venezuelas-maduro-faces-global-criticism-u-s-sanctions-idUSKCN1IM0CT Re-elected, Venezuela's Maduro faces global criticism, U.S. sanctions]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 21, 2018. − *Adelmann, Bob (May 21, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/south-america/item/29103-fraudulent-election-in-venezuela-guarantees-more-suffering Fraudulent Election in Venezuela Guarantees More Suffering]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 21, 2018.</ref> and November 1.<ref name="TroikaOfTyranny"/> − *June 8–9, 2018—At the annual [[G7]] summit, President Trump took strong "America First" stances on trade and other issues,<ref>Multiple references: − *Caplan, Joshua (June 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/09/g7-summit-trump-gives-masterclass-in-america-first-to-globalists/ G7 Summit: Trump Gives Masterclass in ‘America First’ to Globalists]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (June 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391487-trump-plays-hardball-with-us-allies-at-g-7-summit Trump takes hard line with US allies at G-7 summit]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Carney, John (June 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/09/trump-america-will-no-longer-be-the-piggy-bank-that-everyone-is-robbing/ Trump: America Will No Longer Be the ‘Piggy Bank that Everyone is Robbing’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Shaw, Adam (June 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/09/trump-says-us-is-like-piggy-bank-that-everybody-is-robbing-on-trade.html Trump says US is like a 'piggy bank that everybody is robbing' on trade]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Strupczewski, Jan; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit-mood/one-rant-rough-talks-sour-g7-mood-in-confrontations-with-trump-idUSKCN1J50X6 One 'rant,' rough talks sour G7 mood in confrontations with Trump]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − President Trump also made strong statements on trade shortly before leaving for the summit: − *Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/08/trump-kicks-off-g-7-summit-with-dings-at-canada-europe-over-trade-policies.html Trump kicks off G-7 summit with dings at Canada, Europe over trade policies]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Ljunggren, David; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit/trump-attacks-eu-and-canada-on-trade-amid-backlash-ahead-of-g7-summit-idUSKCN1J31VQ Trump attacks EU and Canada on trade amid backlash ahead of G7 summit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − Specifically regarding abortion: − *Oas, Rebecca (June 14, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/u.s.-slaps-down-abortion-language-at-g7-negotiations U.S. blocked Canada’s abortion agenda at G7 negotiations]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''C-FAM''). Retrieved June 14, 2018. − See also: − *Pollak, Joel B. (June 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/10/pollak-trump-calls-g-7s-free-trade-bluff/ Pollak: Trump Calls G-7’s ‘Free Trade’ Bluff]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29266-globalists-fulminate-over-trump-smack-to-g7-new-world-order Globalists Fulminate Over Trump Smack to G7, New World Order]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 12, 2018.</ref> and in addition to going against the global establishment by calling for Russia's reinstatement in the group,<ref>Multiple references: − *Singman, Brooke (June 8, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/08/trump-calls-for-russia-to-be-reinstated-to-g7.html Trump calls for Russia to be reinstated to G7]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Shaw, Adam (June 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/09/trump-doubles-down-on-calls-to-include-russia-in-g-7-were-not-looking-to-play-games.html Trump doubles down on calls to include Russia in G-7: 'We're not looking to play games']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (June 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/8/trump-calls-g-7-reinstate-russia/ Trump calls for G-7 to reinstate Russia]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Spiering, Charluie (June 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/08/donald-trump-let-russia-back-into-the-g7-summit-of-world-leaders/ Donald Trump: Let Russia Back into the G7 Summit of World Leaders]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan (June 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391321-trump-calls-for-russia-to-be-reinstated-into-g7 Trump calls for Russia to be reinstated into G-7]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Mackrael, Kim; Vieira, Paul; Ballhaus, Rebecca (June 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-tariffs-cast-long-shadow-on-g-7-summit-discourse-1528450201 Donald Trump’s Call for Russia to Rejoin G-7 Jolts Start of Summit]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</ref> he retracted his country's support of the summit's joint statement due to false statements made by Canada's prime minister – the summit's host – against him.<ref>Multiple references: − *Sanchez, Luis (June 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391516-trump-refuses-to-endorse-g7-communique Trump refuses to endorse G-7 communique, threatens Canada with more tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Zwirz, Elizabeth (June 9, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/06/09/trump-slams-canadian-pm-as-dishonest-and-weak-pulls-back-on-g-7-communique-endorsement.html Trump slams Canadian PM as 'dishonest and weak,' pulls back on G-7 communique endorsement]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Salama, Vivian; Mackrael, Kim; Vieira, Paul (June 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-pitches-tariff-free-trade-zone-to-g-7-allies-1528556581 Trump Says U.S. Won’t Endorse G-7 Communiqué, Threatens Auto Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Fritze, John (June 9, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/09/trump-says-u-s-wont-piggy-bank-trade-g-7-tariffs/687532002/ Trump says U.S. won't endorse G-7 joint statement with world leaders, accuses Trudeau of 'false statements']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Rampton, Roberta; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit/trump-torpedoes-g7-effort-to-ease-trade-spat-threatens-auto-tariffs-idUSKCN1J50H3 Trump torpedoes G7 effort to ease trade spat, threatens auto tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Boyer, Dave (June 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/9/donald-trump-pulls-out-support-g7-agreement-accusi/ Trump pulls out support for G-7 agreement, accusing Trudeau of false statement]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − See also: − *Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29272-thank-you-president-trump-for-not-signing-the-g7-communique Thank You, President Trump, For Not Signing the G7 Communique]. The New American''. Retrieved June 12, 2018.</ref> − *July 24–26, 2018—The State Department hosted the first-ever U.S. government summit on religious freedom.<ref>Multiple references: − *Green, Laurel (July 24, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/24/religious-freedom-is-right-given-by-god-state-department-official-says.html Religious freedom is 'right given by God,' State Department official says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Richardson, Bradford (July 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/24/religious-freedom-under-attack-sam-brownback-says-/ Religious Freedom forum draws attention to persecution, false imprisonment and re-education camps]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Mora, Edwin (July 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/07/25/u-s-convenes-world-faith-leaders-first-ministerial-religious-freedom/ U.S. Convenes World Faith Leaders for First-Ever Ministerial on Religious Freedom]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Rosales, Erik (July 24, 2018). [http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2018/july/ministerial-summit-for-religious-freedom-brings-countries-together Ministerial Summit For Religious Freedom Brings Countries Together]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Crabtree, Susan (July 24, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/brownback-must-stomp-religious-persecution-around-world/ Brownback: We Must Stomp Out Religious Persecution Around the World]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − See also: − *Kraychik, Robert (July 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/25/state-department-civil-society-religious-freedom/ State Department: ‘Civil Society’ Is ‘First Line of Defense’ for Religious Freedom]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Kraychik, Robert (July 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/25/mulvaney-obama-discourage-christian-values/ Mick Mulvaney: Past Administration ‘Used Taxpayer Dollars’ to ‘Discourage Christian Values’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (July 31, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trump-admin-vows-to-stop-punishing-countries-that-oppose-homosexuality-lgbt Trump admin vows to stop punishing countries that oppose homosexuality; LGBT activists outraged]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved August 1, 2018. − *Green, Lauren (July 26, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/26/pence-says-summit-is-just-beginning-religious-freedom.html Pence says religious freedom summit is 'just the beginning']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Wong, Kristina (July 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/28/watch-religious-freedom-ambassador-sam-brownback-faith-is-a-good-thing/ Watch — Religious Freedom Ambassador Sam Brownback: ‘Faith Is a Good Thing’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 28, 2018. − *Ellis, Jenna (July 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/on-religious-freedom-trump-keeps-his-word On religious freedom, Trump keeps his word]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</ref> At the end of the summit, the State Department released the Potomac Declaration and the Potomac Plan of Action, which emphasized the importance of religious liberty to the U.S. government, called on other countries to protect religious freedom, and outlined specific steps for these countries to follow to protect religious freedom. The Trump Administration also announced the establishment of an International Religious Freedom Fund, as well as the Genocide Recovery and Persecution Response Program to quickly provide aid to persecuted religious minorities.<ref name="USMiddleEastfunds">Morello, Carol (July 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/help-is-on-the-way-at-last-for-religious-minorities-in-iraq/2018/07/26/e6d58265-76f5-4d26-abcc-a76ce7e1aeca_story.html Help is on the way, at last, for religious minorities in Iraq]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 26, 2018.</ref><ref>Multiple references: − *Greenwood, Max (July 26, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/399122-pompeo-issues-religious-freedom-declaration Pompeo issues declaration calling for world governments to prioritize religious freedom]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Lee, Morgan (July 26, 2018). [https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/july/potomac-declaration-religious-freedom-pence-pompeo.html Pence and Pompeo Make Big Religious Freedom Pledges]. ''Christianity Today''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/cwn/2018/july/why-the-potomac-declaration-is-truly-historic-for-religious-freedom Why the Potomac Declaration Is 'Truly Historic' for Religious Freedom]. ''CBN News''. July 27, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Smith, Samuel (July 27, 2018). [https://www.christianpost.com/news/what-does-state-departments-potomac-declaration-say-and-do-226441/ What Does the State Department's Potomac Declaration Say and Do?] ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Cimmino, Jeffrey (July 27, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/issues/pompeo-releases-declaration-calling-governments-uphold-religious-freedom/ Pompeo Releases Declaration Calling for Governments to Uphold Religious Freedom]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *[http://www.oann.com/u-s-fighting-back-against-religious-persecution/ U.S. Fighting Back Against Religious Persecution]. ''One America News Network''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Chang, Joan (July 26, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/pence-and-pompeo-say-religious-liberty-top-us-priority_2605355.html Pence and Pompeo Say Religious Liberty Top US Priority]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − On the Genocide Recovery and Persecution Response Program: − *Gill, Joshua (July 26, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/07/26/mike-pence-genocide-recovery-program/ Pence Announces US Genocide Recovery and Persecution Response Program]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Grogan, Courtney (July 26, 2018). [https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/pence-announces-genocide-recovery-program-for-iraqi-minorities-61592 Pence announces Genocide Recovery Program for Iraqi minorities]. ''Catholic News Agency''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − See also: − *Richardson, Bradford (July 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/26/pence-unleashes-on-north-korean-abuses-much-worse-/ Pence unleashes on North Korean abuses: 'Much worse' than China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 27, 2018. − *Williams, Thomas D. (July 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/28/pence-persecution-christians-north-korea-no-rival-earth/ Mike Pence: Persecution of Christians in North Korea ‘Has No Rival on the Earth’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 28, 2018. − *Freiburger, Calvin (July 26, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pence-pompeo-speak-at-state-department-conference-on-religious-freedom Mike Pence: Religious freedom is ‘top priority’ of Trump Administration]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved July 26, 2018. − *Lucas, Fred (July 26, 2018). [https://www.dailysignal.com/2018/07/26/7-big-moments-from-pence-address-on-religious-freedom/ 7 Big Moments From Pence Address on Religious Freedom]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved July 26, 2018.</ref> − *August 2018—The State Department's 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report, combating [[human trafficking]] around the world, was described as being stronger than in previous years.<ref>Nazarian, Adelle (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/10/state-department-strongest-steps-combat-human-trafficking-abroad/ Exclusive: State Department Takes Strongest Steps Yet to Combat Human Trafficking Abroad]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.</ref> − *August 22, 2018—After the State Department released a statement defending [[South Africa]]'s racist and left-wing land seizures, President Trump announced he ordered the department instead to study the issue as well as the violence against the country's white-skinned farmers.<ref>Multiple references: − *Pollak, Joel B. (August 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/22/donald-trump-tackles-murder-expropriation-of-white-farmers-in-south-africa/ Donald Trump Tackles Murder, Expropriation of White Farmers in South Africa]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Richardson, Valerie; Morton, Victor (August 22, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/22/south-africa-white-owned-farm-seizures-land-reform/ State defends South Africa white-owned farm seizures; Trump promptly reverses course]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Goodenough, Patrick (August 23, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/trump-says-hes-told-pompeo-closely-study-land-expropriation-farm Trump Says He’s Told Pompeo to ‘Closely Study’ Land Expropriation, Farm Murders in South Africa]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (August 23, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/403203-south-africa-pushes-back-after-trump-asks-state-dept-to-look-at-large Trump asks State to look at ‘large scale killings of farmers,’ prompting furious South Africa response]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Steinhauser, Gabriele (August 23, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-tweet-on-south-african-land-reform-draws-governments-ire-1535017460 Trump Tweet on South African Land Overhaul Draws Government’s Ire]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − The State Department took a different stance in a new statement shortly afterward: − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-usa-land-pompeo/seizing-land-without-payment-would-take-south-africa-on-wrong-path-us-state-department-idUSKCN1L82FF Seizing land without payment would take South Africa on wrong path: U.S. State Department]. ''Reuters''. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − See also: − *Worstall, Tim (August 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trump-has-a-point-about-south-africas-farm-land-grabs Trump has a point about South Africa's farm land-grabs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (August 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/24/blue-state-blues-donald-trump-south-africa/ Blue State Blues: Donald Trump Is (Mostly) Right About South Africa]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 24, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (August 23, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/23/liberal-south-africa-think-tank-trump-is-right-about-land-reform/ Liberal South African Think Tank: Trump Is Right About Land Reform]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Pollak, Joel B. (August 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/29/some-south-africa-black-and-white-welcome-trumps-tweet/ Some South Africans, Black and White, Welcome Trump’s Tweet]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 29, 2018. − *Newman, Alex (August 27, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/africa/item/29886-deep-state-freaks-as-trump-slams-racist-south-africa-land-grabs Deep State Freaks as Trump Slams Racist South Africa Land Grabs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 27, 2018. − *Kirkwood, R. Cort (August 23, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29862-trump-tweets-about-south-africa-left-melts-down-again Trump Tweets About South Africa, Left Melts Down Again]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 23, 2018. − *Pandolfo, Chris (August 23, 2018). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/journalists-accuse-trump-of-blowing-dog-whistle-in-south-africa-land-seizure-tweet/ Journalists accuse Trump of blowing ‘dog whistle’ in South Africa land seizure tweet]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.</ref> − *September 6, 2018—The U.S. signed a major agreement with [[India]] to increase intelligence and military cooperation.<ref>Multiple references: − *Gearty, Robert (September 7, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/09/07/u-s-and-india-bolster-military-ties-with-focus-on-china.html U.S and India bolster military ties with focus on China]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − *Roy, Rajesh; Youssef, Nancy A. (September 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-india-sign-military-intelligence-sharing-agreement-1536232640 U.S., India Sign Military-Intelligence-Sharing Agreement]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − *Ali, Idrees; Miglani, Sanjeev (September 6, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-usa/u-s-india-seal-military-communications-pact-plan-more-exercises-idUSKCN1LM0PD U.S., India seal military communications pact, plan more exercises]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − *Mitchell, Ellen (September 6, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/405469-us-india-sign-new-deal-on-military-collaboration-sharing-intel US, India sign new deal on military collaboration, sharing intel]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (September 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/us-and-india-take-landmark-step-in-military-cooperation US and India take landmark step in military cooperation]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − See also: − *Rogan, Tom (September 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/in-india-the-trump-administration-just-scored-a-big-win-for-us-grand-strategy In India, the Trump administration just scored a big win for US grand strategy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 7, 2018. − *Dunne, Erin (September 7, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/this-agreement-with-india-is-a-clear-win-but-its-a-long-term-bet This agreement with India is a clear win, but it's a long-term bet]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 7, 2018.</ref> − *In October 2018, German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] agreed to import more [[natural gas]] from the U.S.,<ref>Multiple references: − *Pancevski, Bojan (October 22, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-win-for-trump-merkel-changes-course-on-u-s-gas-imports-1540209647 In Win for Trump, Merkel Changes Course on U.S. Gas Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Keller, Megan (November 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/412551-merkel-concedes-to-trump-on-opening-germany-to-us-gas-imports-report Merkel moves to open up Germany to US gas imports after Trump's push: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Henney, Megan (October 23, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-germany-invest-us-gas-imports-trade-negotiations After Trump push, Germany to invest in US gas imports]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *White, Chris (October 22, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/10/22/natural-gas-germany-russia-trump/ Trump Notches a Big Win Against Russia After Merkel Folds on US Gas Imports]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved November 12, 2018.</ref> and in November 2018, Poland announced it had signed a long-term deal to buy American natural gas.<ref>Multiple references: − *Cama, Timothy (November 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/415787-poland-inks-deal-to-buy-us-natural-gas Poland inks deal to buy US natural gas]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *[https://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL8N1XJ2GW Poland's PGNiG signs long-term LNG deal with Cheniere]. ''Reuters''. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Siciliano, John (November 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/energy/poland-inks-huge-natural-gas-deal-with-us-becoming-less-reliant-on-russia Poland inks huge natural gas deal with US, becoming less reliant on Russia]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Shotter, James (November 8, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/ed5caa08-e33a-11e8-a6e5-792428919cee Polish gas deal aims to break Russian stranglehold]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − The natural gas deal came at a time when U.S.–Poland relations were very strong: − *Montgomery, Jack (November 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/11/11/bond-between-america-and-poland-stronger-than-ever-thanks-to-trump-say-ambassadors/ Bond Between America and Poland ‘Stronger Than Ever’ Thanks to Trump, Say Ambassadors]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Mosbacher, Georgette; Wilczek, Piotr (November 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/416006-the-us-poland-bond-is-stronger-than-ever The US-Poland bond is stronger than ever]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − See also: − *Moons, Michelle (July 6, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2017/07/06/president-trump-lauds-energy-independence-at-three-seas-summit-will-ensure-your-nationsfree-from-foreign-coercion/ Trump Vows Freedom From ‘Foreign Coercion’, Energy Independence at Three Seas Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Hale, Virginia (July 6, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2017/07/06/trump-european-gas-deal-prosperity/ Trump Promises European Leaders U.S. Gas Deal ‘Will Bring Prosperity to All Our Citizens’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Cama, Timothy (November 21, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/361413-poland-signs-5-year-us-natural-gas-import-deal Poland signs 5-year US natural gas import deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 12, 2018. − *Martewicz, Maciej (February 7, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-08/poland-bets-on-lng-norwegian-gas-as-divorce-with-russia-looms Poland Waves Goodbye to Russian Gas After 74 Years]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 12, 2018.</ref> The latter country formally signed a 20-year deal with the U.S. in December 2018.<ref>Multiple references: − *[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2018/12/19/u-s-secures-20-year-deal-to-supply-natural-gas-to-poland/ U.S. Secures 20-year Deal to Supply Natural Gas to Poland]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018. − *Crooks, Ed (December 19, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/6790a1dc-038c-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1 Poland adds to US natural gas imports with Sempra deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2018. − *Gera, Vanessa (December 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/poland-signs-20-year-deal-to-buy-natural-gas-from-the-us/2018/12/19/35223eac-0398-11e9-958c-0a601226ff6b_story.html Poland signs 20-year deal to buy natural gas from the US]. ''The Washington Post'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 19, 2018. − *[https://p.dw.com/p/3APAj Poland signs 20-year liquefied natural gas deal with US]. ''Deutsche Welle''. December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018. − See also: − *Siciliano, John (December 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/energy/trump-administration-claims-early-success-in-weaning-europe-off-russian-energy Trump administration claims early success in weaning Europe off Russian energy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 19, 2018.</ref> − *November 1, 2018—In a speech on the Trump Administration's [[Latin America]] policy, National Security Advisor Bolton spoke highly of the region's conservative leaders, [[Colombia|Colombian]] president [[Iván Duque]] and [[Brazil]]ian president-elect [[Jair Bolsonaro]]; strongly criticized the socialist countries of [[Cuba]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Nicaragua]]; and announced President Trump had signed sanctions on Venezuelan gold exports.<ref name="TroikaOfTyranny">Multiple references: − *Martel, Frances (November 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/latin-america/2018/11/01/john-bolton-debuts-sanctions-against-three-stooges-of-socialism-cuba-venezuela-nicaragua/ John Bolton Debuts Sanctions Against ‘Three Stooges of Socialism’: Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Shaw, Adam (November 1, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/bolton-labels-cuba-venezuela-nicaragua-a-troika-of-tyranny-announces-new-sanctions Bolton brands Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua a ‘troika of tyranny’ in sanctions rollout]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *McKay, Hollie (November 4, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/trump-amps-up-venezuelan-crackdown-sanctions-gold-exports-with-executive-order Trump amps up Venezuelan crackdown, sanctions gold exports with executive order]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 4, 2018. − *Bernal, Rafael (November 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/latino/414333-bolton-dubs-cuba-venezuela-and-nicaragua-the-troika-of-tyranny Bolton dubs Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua the 'Troika of Tyranny']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Shesgreen, Deirdre (November 1, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/11/01/john-bolton-jair-bolsonaro-election-brazil-far-right-human-rights-white-house/1846768002/ Bolton embraces Brazil’s hard-right president as ‘like-minded’ leader, blasts others in region as ‘troika of tyranny’]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Rampton, Roberta; Holland, Steve (November 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela-bolton/trump-signs-sanctions-order-targeting-venezuelas-gold-exports-idUSKCN1N65P6 Trump increases pressure on Venezuela with sanctions on gold]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *McBride, Courtney; Vyas, Kejal (November 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-tightens-sanctions-against-cuba-venezuela-1541110328 Trump Administration Tightens Sanctions Against Cuba, Venezuela]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Sink, Justin; Levin, Jonathan (November 1, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-01/trump-orders-sanctions-on-venezuela-gold-to-pressure-maduro Trump Orders Sanctions on Venezuela Gold to Pressure Maduro]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Lugo, Luis Alonso; Salomon, Gisela (November 1, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/1/us-vows-tough-approach-to-venezuela-nicaragua-and-/ US vows tough approach to Venezuela, Nicaragua and Cuba]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved November 1, 2018. − *Borger, Julian (November 1, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/01/trump-admin-bolsonaro-praise-john-bolton-troika-tyranny-latin-america Bolton praises Bolsonaro while declaring ‘troika of tyranny’ in Latin America]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved November 1, 2018. − See also: − *Boylan, Dan (November 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/13/nicolas-maduro-venezuela-gold-targeted-trump/ Trump targets Venezuela's gold in bid to end Maduro's authoritarian regime]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.</ref> − *November 14, 2018—The U.S. added 26 Cuban entities to its "Cuba Restricted List," which restricted Americans from doing business with them because they were owned by the country's military.<ref>Multiple references: − *Martel, Frances (November 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/latin-america/2018/11/15/trump-bans-americans-16-cuban-military-owned-hotels/ Trump Administration Bans Americans from 16 Cuban Military-Owned Hotels]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 14, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/americas/416741-trump-administration-adds-multiple-cuban-tourist-attractions-to Trump administration adds multiple Cuban tourist attractions to sanctions list]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 22, 2018. − *[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/trump-administration-issues-sanctions-against-more-tourist-places-cuba-n936356 Trump administration issues sanctions against more tourist places in Cuba]. ''NBC News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2018.</ref> − *December 1, 2018—The [[G-20]]'s annual statement affirmed the United States' intention to withdraw from the Paris agreement, and it promoted fossil fuels, something supported by the U.S.<ref name="G202018">Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (December 1, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/g20-statement-includes-us-concerns-about-wto-paris-climate-accord G20 statement reflects US concerns about WTO, Paris climate accord]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (December 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/01/trump-stands-his-ground-on-climate-change-at-g20-summit/ Trump Stands His Ground on Climate Change at G20 Summit]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/news/419273-g-20-leaders-agree-on-trade-disagree-on-climate G-20 leaders agree on trade, Trump bucks others on climate]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Howe, Caleb (December 1, 2018). [https://pjmedia.com/trending/trump-bucks-g20-climate-consensus-as-group-releases-2018-declaration/ Trump Bucks G20 Climate Consensus as Group Releases 2018 'Declaration']. ''PJ Media''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Basu, Zachary (December 1, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/g20-leaders-pledge-fight-climate-change-except-trump-39bd120b-ae64-422e-b563-d8424a88a19e.html G20 leaders pledge to fight climate change — except for Trump]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Miller, S.A. (December 1, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/1/g20-leaders-agree-summit-statement-s-tough-trade/ G20 leaders agree on summit statement that's tough on trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Pop, Valentina (December 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/g-20-finalizing-joint-statement-with-compromises-by-u-s-eu-china-1543685891 G-20 Agrees to Joint Statement, With Compromises]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − See also: − *Delingpole, James (November 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/30/trump-forces-climate-change-off-the-menu-at-g20-summit/ Delingpole: G20 ‘Kowtows’ to Trump – Avoids Climate Change]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Herszenhorn, David M. (December 1, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/g20-leaders-reaffirm-rules-based-international-order/ G20 leaders reaffirm ‘rules-based international order’]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 2, 2018. − *Canepa, Francesco; Strupczewski, Jan (March 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g20-argentina-wrapup/g20-pushes-for-free-trade-as-u-s-vows-to-defend-national-interest-idUSKBN1GV242 G20 pushes for free trade as U.S. vows to defend national interest]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 1, 2018. − *Ortiz, Alfredo (December 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/10/ortiz-trumps-trade-triumphs-trade-war-truce-deals-for-farmers-prices-for-consumers/ Ortiz: Trump’s Trade Triumphs–Trade War Truce, Deals for Farmers, Prices for Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 10, 2018. − *Starr, Penny (December 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/12/17/u-s-at-climate-summit-no-on-paris-accord-hold-polluters-accountable/ U.S. at Climate Summit: No on Paris Accord, Hold Polluters Accountable]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</ref> Additionally, it affirmed the United States' intention to withdraw from the Paris agreement, and it promoted fossil fuels, something supported by the U.S.<ref name="G202018"/> − *December 13, 2018—National Security Advisor Bolton gave a speech outlining the Trump Administration's Africa strategy. In it, he strongly emphasized the administration's America First philosophy, stating that the U.S. would no longer fund "unproductive, unsuccessful, and unaccountable U.N. peacekeeping missions," no longer give "indiscriminate aid," and only give aid that "will further U.S. priorities in the region."<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (December 13, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/bolton-threatens-to-pull-aid-for-unproductive-un-missions-in-africa-vows-reform Bolton threatens to pull aid for ‘unproductive’ UN missions in Africa, vows reform]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Kraychik, Robert (December 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/13/trumps-new-africa-strategy-no-more-aid-without-effect/ Trump’s ‘New Africa Strategy’: No More ‘Aid Without Effect’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 14, 2018. − *Tritten, Travis J. (December 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/us-wants-africa-chip-in-more-on-anti-terror-ops-john-bolton-says US wants Africa chip in more on anti-terror ops, John Bolton says]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Johnson, Natalie (December 13, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/trump-admin-slash-support-un-peacekeeping-missions-africa/ Trump Admin. to Slash Support for UN Peacekeeping Missions in Africa]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Gould, Joe (December 13, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2018/12/13/us-africa-strategy-hinges-on-local-forces-stepping-up-as-pentagon-ramps-down-bolton/ US Africa strategy hinges on local forces stepping up as Pentagon ramps down: Bolton]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-to-reorient-trade-deals-aid-to-africa/4699029.html US to Reorient Trade Deals, Aid to Africa]. ''Voice of America''. December 13, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Herman, Steve (December 13, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/sweeping-change-to-us-policy-for-africa-announced-/4699693.html Sweeping Change to US Policy for Africa Announced]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Babb, Carla (December 13, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-rethinking-peacekeeping-role-in-africa/4699587.html US Rethinking Peacekeeping Role in Africa]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Gazis, Olivia; Farhi, Arden (December 13, 2018). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/john-bolton-unveils-new-africa-strategy-based-on-america-first-principles/ John Bolton unveils new Africa strategy based on "America First" principles]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</ref> He also stated the administration would challenge and counter Russia's and China's influence in the continent.<ref>Multiple references: − *Mora, Edwin (December 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/12/13/bolton-china-and-russia-interfere-with-u-s-military-in-africa/ Bolton: China and Russia ‘Interfere with U.S. Military’ in Africa]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Muñoz, Carlo (December 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/13/john-bolton-outlines-us-african-strategy-challenge/ Bolton outlines U.S. African strategy to challenge China, Russia]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Nissenbaum, Dion (December 13, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-declare-russia-china-national-security-threats-in-africa-11544704321 U.S. to Africa: Pick Either US or China and Russia, Not Both]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Holland, Steve; Wroughton, Lesley (December 13, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-africa/u-s-to-counter-china-russia-influence-in-africa-bolton-idUSKBN1OC1XV U.S. to counter China, Russia influence in Africa: Bolton]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Danilova, Maria; Anna, Cara (December 13, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/8481ba1ead434041b199accff1550d92 Trump’s new Africa strategy takes sharp aim at China, Russia]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Chalfant, Morgan (December 13, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/421179-bolton-warns-russia-china-threaten-us-in-africa Bolton warns Russia, China threaten US in Africa]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (December 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/john-bolton-us-aid-programs-will-counter-chinas-imperial-play-in-africa John Bolton: US aid programs will counter China’s ‘imperial’ play in Africa]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Lucas, Fred (December 13, 2018). [https://www.dailysignal.com/2018/12/13/john-bolton-us-must-curb-chinese-russian-influence-in-africa/ John Bolton: US Must Curb Chinese, Russian Influence in Africa]. ''The Daily Signal''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Vavra, Shannon (December 13, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/white-house-launches-new-africa-strategy-to-counter-china-russia-3ca5bf69-1781-4136-947f-b8c4c0726fce.html Trump's new Africa strategy aims to counter China, Russia]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 13, 2018. − See also: − *Mora, Edwin (December 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/12/13/bolton-islamic-state-finding-fertile-ground-africa-after-mideast-defeats/ Bolton: Islamic State Finding ‘Fertile Ground’ in Africa After Mideast Defeats]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 14, 2018.</ref> − *December 19, 2018—President Trump announced the U.S. would pull its troops out of Syria since ISIS had been defeated.<ref>Multiple references: − *Byas, Steve (December 19, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30966-trump-to-pull-u-s-troops-out-of-syria Trump to Pull U.S. Troops Out of Syria]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Wolfgang, Ben (December 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/19/us-preparing-full-troop-withdrawal-syria-report/ Trump to pull troops from Syria: 'We have defeated ISIS']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Nissenbaum, Dion; Youssef, Nancy A.; Salama, Vivian (December 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-military-preparing-for-a-full-withdrawal-of-its-forces-from-northeastern-syria-11545225641 In Shift, Trump Orders U.S. Troops Out of Syria]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Spiering, Charlie (December 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/19/donald-trump-signals-troop-withdrawals-from-syria/ Donald Trump Signals Troop Withdrawals from Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Kheel, Rebecca (December 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/422040-trump-signals-us-withdrawal-from-syria Trump signals US withdrawal from Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − President Trump strongly defended his decision the following day: − *Spiering, Charlie (December 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/20/donald-trump-dismisses-critics-of-syria-withdrawal-do-we-want-to-be-there-forever/ Donald Trump Dismisses Critics of Syria Withdrawal: ‘Do We Want to Be There Forever?’] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Muñoz, Gabriella (December 20, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/20/trump-doubles-down-decision-pull-out-syria-do-we-w/ Trump doubles down on decision to pull out of Syria: 'Do we want to be there forever?'] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Leary, Alex (December 20, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-defends-syria-withdrawal-ive-been-campaigning-on-it-for-years-11545311191 Trump Defends Syria Withdrawal: ‘I’ve Been Campaigning on It for Years’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − *Singman, Brooke (December 20, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-stands-by-syria-pullout-decision-under-gop-fire Trump, under fire from Republicans, defends stance on Syria pullout and border wall]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 20, 2018. − Subsquent statements: − *Spiering, Charlie (December 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/31/donald-trump-get-united-states-out-never-ending-wars/ Donald Trump: Get the United States Out of ‘NEVER ENDING WARS’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 31, 2018. − *Swoyer, Alex (December 31, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/31/donald-trump-syria-just-doing-what-i-said-i-would-/ Trump on Syria: 'Just doing what I said I would do']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 31, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (December 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/423297-trump-defends-syria-withdrawal-as-fulfilling-campaign-promise Trump defends Syria troop withdrawal as 'doing what I said I was going to do']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 31, 2018. − See also: − *Maness, Rob (December 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/21/maness-the-foreign-policy-swamp-why-they-are-wrong-and-president-trump-is-right-on-syria/ Maness: The Foreign Policy Swamp: Why They are Wrong and President Trump Is Right on Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 21, 2018. − *Wolfgang, Ben (December 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/23/donald-trumps-patrick-shanahan-nomination-comes-wi/ In Shanahan announcement, Trump defends campaign pledge to stop 'never-ending wars' in Mideast]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 24, 2018. − *Van Buren, Peter (December 24, 2018). [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/mattis-marks-end-of-the-global-war-on-terror/ Mattis Marks End of the Global War on Terror]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Xenakis, John J. (December 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/12/24/world-view-generational-dynamics-analysis-of-the-troop-withdrawal-from-syria/ World View: Generational Dynamics Analysis of the Troop Withdrawal from Syria]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Hurt, Charles (December 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/25/the-nuclear-option-a-very-crappy-christmas-for-washington-warmongers/ The Nuclear Option: A Very Crappy Christmas for Washington Warmongers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 26, 2018. − *DePatris, Daniel (December 27, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trump-brings-his-come-home-message-to-a-supportive-public-and-the-troops Trump brings his 'come home' message to a supportive public and the troops]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 27, 2018. − *Durso, James (December 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/423301-trump-rejects-the-process-in-favor-of-leadership Trump rejects ‘the process’ in favor of leadership]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 31, 2018.</ref> On December 23, 2018, Defense Secretary Mattis signed an order making this decision official.<ref>Multiple references: − *Tomlinson, Lucas (December 24, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/defense-secretary-james-mattis-signs-syria-withdrawal-orders Defense Secretary James Mattis signs Syria withdrawal orders, official says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Birnbaum, Emily (December 23, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/422701-defense-department-signs-executive-order-to-withdraw-troops-from-syria Defense Department signs executive order to withdraw troops from Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Copp, Tara (December 24, 2018). [https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/12/24/mattis-signs-order-to-withdraw-us-troops-from-syria/ Mattis signs order to withdraw US troops from Syria]. ''Military Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *Uria, Daniel (December 24, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/12/24/James-Mattis-signs-order-to-withdraw-US-troops-from-Syria/9251545685495/ James Mattis signs order to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − *[https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Mattis-signs-order-withdrawing-US-troops-from-Syria-despite-disapproval-575286 Mattis Signs Order Withdrawing U.S. Troops from Syria Despite Disapproval]. ''The Jerusalem Post'' (from ''Reuters''). December 24, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2018. − See also: − *Zwirz, Elizabeth (December 29, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/defense-dept-says-us-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-is-deliberate-well-thought-out Defense Dept. says US troop withdrawal from Syria is ‘deliberate, well thought-out’]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 29, 2018.</ref> − − ===Other achievements, 2018=== − While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies: − − *February 2018—While not outright opposed to the EU's common military agreement, the Trump Administration voiced skepticism toward it for potentially undermining NATO and creating trade barriers to American-made military technology.<ref>Multiple references: − *Deacon, Liam (February 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/02/19/us-warns-brussels-not-threaten-nato-eu-army/ U.S. Warns Brussels Not to Threaten NATO with EU Army]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Erlanger, Steven (February 18, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/18/world/europe/nato-europe-us-.html U.S. Revives Concerns About European Defense Plans, Rattling NATO Allis]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Chazan, Guy; Manson, Katrina (February 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/a1e82b7a-147c-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 US rattled by plans to forge closer European defence ties]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Mehta, Aaron (February 14, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/smr/munich-security-forum/2018/02/14/us-warns-against-protectionism-with-new-eu-defense-agreement/ US warns against ‘protectionism’ with new EU defense agreement]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Stearns, Jonathan (February 13, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-13/u-s-sounds-alarm-over-eu-push-for-deeper-defense-cooperation U.S. Sounds Alarm Over EU Push for Deeper Defense Cooperation]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved April 22, 2018. − *Shalal, Andrea (February 27, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-eu-military/u-s-seeks-robust-involvement-in-eu-defense-pact-sources-idUSKCN1GB2UR U.S. seeks 'robust involvement' in EU defense pact: sources]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 22, 2018.</ref> Later, in April 2018, President Trump voiced skepticism of the EU, arguing that it was "formed to take advantage of the United States."<ref>Multiple references: − *Montgomery, Jack (April 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/04/29/showdown-trump-blasts-eu-formed-take-advantage-u-s-warns-u-s-will-not-do-business-with-without-reform/ SHOWDOWN: Trump Blasts EU ‘Formed to Take Advantage’ of U.S., Warns U.S. Will ‘Not Do Business’ With EU Without Reform]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 30, 2018. − *[http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16191996.Trump____39_EU_was_formed_to_take_advantage_of_the_US__39_/ Trump: 'EU was formed to take advantage of the US']. ''The Herald''. April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018. − *[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/it-s-not-fair-trump-vows-to-take-on-the-eu-over-trade-kczszvqqz ‘It’s not fair’: Trump vows to take on the EU over trade]. ''The Times''. April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018. − *Ferguson, Kate (April 29, 2018). [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5671347/Donald-Trump-hints-hitting-EU-trade-tariffs.html Donald Trump tears into EU accusing it of trying to 'take advantage of the US' as he hints he will hit the bloc with trade tariffs]. ''Daily Mail''. Retrieved April 30, 2018.</ref> He criticized the EU on other occasions, usually due to the organization's trade policies.<ref>Multiple references: − *Cassella, Megan (April 5, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-slams-eu-trade/ Trump slams EU as being ‘solidly against us’ on trade]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Bellamy, Daniel (May 18, 2018). [http://www.euronews.com/2018/05/18/trump-the-european-union-has-been-terrible-to-the-united-states-on-trade- Trump: "The European Union has been terrible to the United States on trade"]. ''Euronews''. Retrieved June 10, 2018. − *Swinford, Steven (June 10, 2018). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/06/09/donald-trump-accuses-eu-robbing-us-delivers-new-snub-theresa/ Donald Trump accuses EU of 'robbing' US as he delivers a new snub to Theresa May]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</ref> In an interview on July 1, 2018, President Trump stated that the EU "is possibly as bad as China" on trade.<ref>Multiple references: − *Moons, Michelle (July 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/03/president-trump-eu-possibly-bad-as-china-on-trade-just-smaller/ President Trump: EU Possibly Bad as China on Trade, Just Smaller]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 3, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/395062-trump-european-union-is-possibly-as-bad-as-china-on-trade Trump: European Union is 'possibly as bad' as China on trade]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 1, 2018. − *Pandey, Erica (July 1, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/donald-trump-interview-china-eu-trade-war-tariffs-fox-news-ae4b18e7-8a0f-4896-bc3b-3f72cc06c992.html Trump on trade: The EU "is possibly as bad as China, just smaller"]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 1, 2018. − *Allen, Julie (July 1, 2018). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/01/trump-blasts-europe-unfair-trade-policies-fox-news-interview/ Trump blasts Europe for 'unfair' trade policies in Fox News interview as he says his parents were born in the EU]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 1, 2018.</ref> On July 15, 2018, President Trump described the EU as a "foe" of the U.S., along with Russia and China.<ref>Multiple references: − *O'Reilly, Andrew (July 15, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/15/trump-says-european-union-is-foe-to-us-ahead-summit-with-putin.html Trump says 'European Union is a foe' to US ahead of summit with Putin]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 15, 2018. − *Sherfinski, David (July 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/15/president-trump-labels-european-union-russia-china/ President Trump labels European Union, Russia, China 'foes' of U.S.] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 15, 2018. − *Key, Pam (July 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/video/2018/07/15/trump-on-trade-i-think-the-european-union-is-a-foe/ Trump on Trade: ‘I Think the European Union Is a Foe’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 15, 2018. − *Holland, Steve; Mason, Jeff (July 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-summit/on-eve-of-russia-summit-trump-calls-european-union-a-foe-idUSKBN1K50JA On eve of Russia summit, Trump calls European Union 'a foe']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 15, 2018. − *Nelson, Steve (July 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-calls-eu-a-foe-ahead-of-putin-meeting Trump calls EU 'a foe' ahead of Putin meeting]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 15, 2018. − *Samuels, Brett (July 15, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/397086-trump-the-european-union-is-a-foe Trump labels the European Union a 'foe']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 15, 2018.</ref> − *Among numerous other statements promoting an "America First" foreign policy, President Trump stated at a diplomatic press conference in April 2018 that the United States should prioritize its own needs rather than act as the "policeman of the world."<ref>Samuels, Brett (April 30, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385521-trump-we-dont-want-to-be-the-policemen-of-the-world Trump: We don't want to be the policemen of the world]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 30, 2018.</ref> On December 4, 2018, Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] gave a speech promoting [[national sovereignty]] and criticizing multilateralism.<ref>Multiple references: − *Taylor, Guy (December 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/4/mike-pompeo-trumpets-donald-trump-foreign-policy-e/ Pompeo blasts European allies as 'just plain wrong' for criticizing Trump]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-takes-aim-at-china-iran-russia-over-treaty-violations/4685951.html Pompeo Takes Aim at Global Institutions, Gets Pushback]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 4, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Kredo, Adam (December 4, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/national-security/u-s-asserts-authority-nato-stinging-criticism/ U.S. Asserts Authority at NATO in Stinging Criticism]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Williams, Abigail (December 4, 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pompeo-takes-aim-treaties-bureaucrats-european-trip-n943491 Pompeo takes aim at treaties, bureaucrats on European trip]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Emmott, Robin (December 4, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-eu/trump-is-shaping-new-liberal-order-to-block-russia-china-iran-says-pompeo-idUSKBN1O3102 Trump is shaping new 'liberal' order to block Russia, China, Iran, says Pompeo]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Axelrod, Tal (December 4, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/419581-pompeo-trump-administration-is-rallying-the-noble-nations-to-build-a Pompeo: Trump administration is ‘rallying the noble nations to build a new liberal order’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Harris, Gardiner (December 4, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/04/world/europe/pompeo-brussels-speech.html Pompeo Questions the Value of International Groups Like U.N. and E.U.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Gehrke, Joel (December 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/mike-pompeo-says-trump-rallying-world-to-create-new-liberal-order-that-prevents-war Mike Pompeo says Trump rallying world to create 'new liberal order that prevents war']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − *Borger, Julian (December 4, 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/04/us-president-donald-trump-is-building-a-new-liberal-world-order-says-mike-pompeo Trump is building a new liberal world order, says Pompeo]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − A critical conservative response to the speech: − *Boyle, Matthew (December 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/04/new-liberal-order-pompeo-pushes-global-alliance-china-russia-iran/ ‘A New Liberal Order’: Mike Pompeo Pushes for Global Alliance Against China, Russia, Iran]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 4, 2018. − See also: − *Gehrke, Joel (December 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/pompeo-skeptical-us-allies-should-admit-it-is-time-to-restructure Pompeo: Skeptical US allies should admit it is ‘time to restructure’]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.</ref> − *While not an official policy action, the Trump Administration took a strong stance against China after its government told airline companies to change how they refer to [[Taiwan]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]], criticizing the Chinese government for engaging in "Orwellian nonsense."<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (May 5, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/05/white-house-slams-chinas-demands-to-us-airlines-as-orwellian-nonsense.html White House slams China's demands to US airlines as 'Orwellian nonsense']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 6, 2018. − *Greenwood, Max (May 5, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/386365-white-house-blasts-china-over-taiwan-directive-to-air-carriers-this-is White House blasts China over Taiwan directive to airlines: 'This is Orwellian nonsense']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 6, 2018. − *Shepardson, David (May 5, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-airlines-china-exclusive/u-s-condemns-china-for-orwellian-nonsense-over-airline-websites-idUSKBN1I60NL U.S. condemns China for 'Orwellian nonsense' over airline websites]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 6, 2018. − *Fritze, John (May 5, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/05/white-house-blasts-request-china-orwellian-nonsense/583679002/ White House blasts request from China as 'Orwellian nonsense']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 6, 2018. − *[https://www.breitbart.com/news/us-scolds-china-over-orwellian-airline-demands/ US scolds China over ‘Orwellian’ airline demands]. ''Breitbart News''. May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018. − See also: − *Wong, Kristina (May 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/06/taiwan-thanks-trump-white-house-standing-china/ Taiwan Thanks White House for Standing Up to China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 6, 2018.</ref> In June 2018, the Trump Administration released a report strongly criticizing China economic policies as a threat to U.S. national security.<ref>Multiple references: − *Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (June 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-white-house-report-authored-by-trade-hawk-blasts-chinese-economic-aggression-1529456401 New White House Report, Authored by Trade Hawk, Blasts Chinese ‘Economic Aggression’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 21, 2018. − *Tan, Huileng (June 20, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/20/us-china-trade-white-house-report-hits-chinese-economic-aggression.html White House says China's 'economic aggression' is a global threat]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved June 21, 2018. − *Harney, John; Stearns, Jonathan (June 20, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-20/trump-faults-china-s-economic-policy-as-threat-to-u-s-security Trump Faults China's Economic Policy as Threat to U.S. Security]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved June 21, 2018. − See also: − *Hayward, John (June 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2018/06/20/exclusive-peter-navarro-china-underestimated-trumps-resolve-to-win-the-battle-for-our-high-tech-future/ Exclusive — Peter Navarro: China Underestimated Trump’s Resolve to Win the Battle for Our High-Tech Future]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 21, 2018. − *Murphy, James (June 21, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/29333-the-weaponized-economy-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china The Weaponized Economy of The People’s Republic of China]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 21, 2018.</ref> President Trump himself indicated that China was a greater threat than Russia.<ref>Thomsen, Jacqueline (August 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/402457-trump-says-russia-investigators-should-be-looking-at-china Trump says Russia investigators should be looking at China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 18, 2018.</ref> On October 4, 2018, Vice President [[Mike Pence]] gave a strong speech on China, speaking out against the country,<ref>Multiple references: − *Shaw, Adam (October 4, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pence-accuses-beijing-of-meddling-in-us-elections-china-wants-a-different-american-president Pence accuses Beijing of meddling in US elections: ‘China wants a different American president’]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Moons, Michelle (October 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/04/vp-china-wants-a-different-american-president-details-efforts-to-divide-u-s-in-2018-2020/ VP: ‘China Wants a Different American President,’ Details Efforts to Divide U.S. in 2018, 2020]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Taylor, Guy; Muñoz, Gabriella (October 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/4/mike-pence-warns-of-chinese-aggression-ahead-of-mi/ Mike Pence lashes out at China over election interference, military threats]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 5, 2018. − *Fabian, Jordan; Chalfant, Morgan (October 4, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/409875-pence-accuses-china-of-anti-trump-campaign Pence accuses China of anti-Trump campaign]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Brunnstrom, David; Spetalnick, Matt (October 4, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-pence/pence-accuses-china-of-malign-campaign-to-undermine-trump-idUSKCN1ME209 Pence accuses China of 'malign' campaign to undermine Trump]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Shesgreen, Deirdre (October 4, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/10/04/vice-president-mike-pence-china-wants-different-american-president/1519577002/ VP Mike Pence says ‘China wants a different American president,’ accuses Chinese government of meddling in U.S. elections]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − Specifically on Pence's comments about Google and its relationship with China: − *Nolan, Lucas (October 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2018/10/04/mike-pence-google-should-immediately-end-development-of-censored-chinese-dragonfly-app/ Mike Pence: Google Should ‘Immediately End Development’ of Censored Chinese ‘Dragonfly’ App]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018. − *Bender, Michael C.; Volz, Dustin (October 4, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pence-calls-on-google-to-drop-mobile-search-project-in-china-1538680844 Pence Calls on Google to Drop Mobile Search Project in China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 5, 2018. − See also: − *Seib, Gerald F. (October 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-deeper-meaning-of-pences-china-broadside-1539010010 Pence Unloaded on China; Here’s Why That’s Important]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 8, 2018. − *Mead, Walter Russell (October 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/mike-pence-announces-cold-war-ii-1539039480 Mike Pence Announces Cold War II]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 10, 2018. − *Stumo, Michael (October 30, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/pences-little-noticed-speech-marked-a-new-us-realism-toward-china Pence's little-noticed speech marked a new US realism toward China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 30, 2018.</ref> and he made subsequent statements against China.<ref>Multiple references: − *Nicholas, Peter; Watts, Jake Maxwell (November 15, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pence-calls-for-an-indo-pacific-region-free-of-chinese-aggression-1542290998 Pence Calls for an Indo-Pacific Region Free of Chinese ‘Aggression’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 15, 2018. − *Casiano, Louis (November 17, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/pence-china-trade-tough-talk-at-pacific-summit Pence, China's Xi trade tough talk at Pacific summit]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 17, 2018. − *Nicholas, Peter; Yap, Chuin-Wei; Taylor, Rob; Pannett, Rachel (November 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-clash-over-trade-security-at-pacific-summit-1542444911 U.S., China Clash Over Trade, Security at Pacific Summit]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrievd November 17, 2018. − *Maresca, Thomas (November 17, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/11/17/pence-challenges-china-economic-summit/2036986002/ Mike Pence challenges China at Asia-Pacific economic summit]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved November 17, 2018. − *Caralle, Katelyn (November 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/foreign/mike-pence-defends-tariffs-on-billions-in-chinese-goods Pence defends tariffs on billions in Chinese goods]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 17, 2018. − *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apec-summit-usa/pence-vows-no-end-to-tariffs-until-china-bows-idUSKCN1NM04K Pence vows no end to tariffs until China bows]. ''Reuters''. November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018. − *Olorunnipa, Toluse; Li, Dandan (November 16, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-17/pence-slams-china-says-u-s-offers-countries-better-option Pence-Xi Showdown at APEC Shows U.S.-China Divide Only Widening]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 17, 2018. − *Scott, Jason; Li, Dandan; Reynolds, Isabel (November 18, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-18/pence-s-sharp-china-attacks-fuel-fears-of-cold-war-dividing-asia Pence's Sharp China Attacks Fuel Fears of New Cold War]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 18, 2018.</ref> − *May 30, 2018—While a symbolic move, the Department of Defense changed the name of the U.S. Pacific Command to the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command in recognition of India's increasing importance in the region.<ref>Multiple references: − *Wong, Kristina (May 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/05/30/mattis-pacific-indo-pacific/ Mattis Announces Pacific Command Name Change to ‘Indo-Pacific Command’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Youssef, Nancy A. (May 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pentagon-changes-top-officer-name-for-its-command-covering-asia-1527716043 Pentagon Changes Top Officer, Name for Its Command Covering Asia]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Ali, Idrees (May 30, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-defense-india/in-symbolic-nod-to-india-u-s-pacific-command-changes-name-idUSKCN1IV2Q2 In symbolic nod to India, U.S. Pacific Command changes name]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Baldor, Lolita C. (May 30, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/05/30/pentagon-salutes-us-india-ties-with-command-name-change.html Pentagon salutes US-India ties with command name change]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved May 30, 2018. − *Sanchez, Luis (May 30, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/defense/389972-us-pacific-command-changes-name-in-symbolic-gesture-towards-india US Pacific Command changes name in symbolic gesture toward India]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</ref> − − ===Appointments, 2018=== − *On January 24, 2018, the U.S. Senate narrowly confirmed – with Vice President [[Mike Pence]] casting a tie-breaking vote – social conservative [[Sam Brownback]] to be the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom.<ref>Multiple references: − *Pergram, Chad; Pappas, Alex (January 24, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/01/24/pence-casts-tie-breaking-vote-to-confirm-brownback-as-ambassador.html Pence casts tie-breaking vote to confirm Brownback as ambassador]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − *Robertson, Abigail (January 24, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/politics/2018/january/pence-called-to-senate-floor-to-save-brownback-rsquo-s-nomination-to-religious-freedom-post Brownback Confirmed to Religious Freedom Post After Dramatic Senate Showdown]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − *Shellnutt, Kate (January 24, 2018). [https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/january/sam-brownback-is-ambassador-international-religious-freedom.html Sam Brownback Finally Confirmed as America’s Religious Freedom Ambassador]. ''Christianity Today''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − *Goodenough, Patrick (January 25, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/patrick-goodenough/amid-deep-partisan-divide-pence-breaks-tie-confirm-religious-freedom Amid Deep Partisan Divide, Pence Breaks Tie to Confirm Religious Freedom Nominee]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − *Carney, Jordain (January 24, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/370608-pence-breaks-tie-to-confirm-trumps-pick-for-religious-ambassador Pence breaks tie to confirm Trump's pick for religious ambassador]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − Brownback was sworn in on February 1, 2018: − *Wise, Lindsay; Kumar, Anita (February 1, 2018). [http://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article197934314.html Pence jokes about his two tie-breaking votes as Brownback is sworn in as ambassador]. ''The Kansas City Star''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − *Rosales, Erik (February 1, 2018). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2018/february/brownback-sworn-in-as-ambassador-at-large-for-international-religious-freedom Brownback Sworn in as Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved February 12, 2018. − See also: − *Starr, Penny (July 31, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/07/31/white-house-nominates-sam-brownback-as-religious-freedom-envoy-religious-freedom-is-the-first-freedom/ White House Nominates Sam Brownback as Religious Freedom Envoy: ‘Religious Freedom Is the First Freedom’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 12, 2018.</ref> − − ===Failures, 2018=== − *April 2018—The Trump Administration endorsed a plan to raise its funding of the [[World Bank]], reversing its previous skeptical position.<ref>Multiple references: − *Zumbrun, Josh; Fidler, Stephen (April 21, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-sets-aside-skepticism-backs-funding-increase-for-world-bank-1524344235 White House Sets Aside Skepticism, Backs Funding Increase for World Bank]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 24, 2018. − *Newman, Alex (April 19, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/economics/item/28797-boost-to-world-bank-and-china-is-departure-from-trump-s-vision Boost to World Bank and China is “Departure” From Trump's Vision]. ''The New American''. Retrieved April 24, 2018. − *Manchester, Julia (April 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/384339-in-change-trump-administration-backing-more-funding-for-world-bank Trump administration backing more funding for World Bank: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 24, 2018. − *Nagpal, Tanvi (April 18, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/in-departure-from-america-first-us-ups-world-bank-spending-1523998892-bfff5264-6c78-4a34-8e66-3822ac72d0f3.html In departure from "America First," U.S. ups World Bank commitment]. ''Axios''. Retrieved April 24, 2018. − *Lawder, David (April 21, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-imf-g20-wbank/world-bank-shareholders-back-13-billion-capital-increase-idUSKBN1HS0QS World Bank shareholders back $13 billion capital increase]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 24, 2018. − *Mayeda, Andrew; Shankleman, Jess (April 21, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-21/world-bank-moves-closer-to-capital-boost-as-u-s-drops-objection World Bank Edges Near Capital Boost as U.S. Drops Objection]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved April 24, 2018.</ref> − *August 2018—The Trump Administration decided not to unilaterally cut about $3.5 billion in foreign aid funding after considering the action.<ref>Multiple references: − *Zengerle, Patricia; Wroughton, Lesley (August 28, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-aid/trump-backs-off-plan-to-roll-back-foreign-aid-funding-officials-idUSKCN1LD2E0 Trump backs off plan to roll back foreign aid funding: officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 28, 2018. − *Morello, Carol; Werner, Erica (August 28, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/administration-decides-not-to-roll-back-foreign-aid-funds/2018/08/28/d7ca2d20-aaf3-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html Administration decides not to roll back foreign aid funds]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved August 28, 2018. − *Elis, Niv (August 28, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/404038-white-house-nixes-second-spending-clawback-attempt White House nixes second spending clawback attempt]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 28, 2018. − *Birnbaum, Emily (August 29, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/404129-white-house-drops-plan-to-cut-foreign-aid White House drops plan to cut foreign aid]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> − *September 5, 2018—Education Secretary [[Betsy DeVos]] signed a joint declaration at a [[Group of Twenty|G-20]] meeting of education ministers that promoted left-wing and [[globalist]] policies.<ref>Multiple references: − *Berry, Susan (September 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/18/devos-signs-onto-globalist-u-n-education-agenda-grassroots-parents-call-for-her-dismissal/ DeVos Signs onto Globalist U.N. Education Agenda, Grassroots Parents Call for Her Dismissal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 19, 2018. − *Newman, Alex (September 14, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/education/item/30077-devos-signs-on-to-globalist-un-education-agenda-for-u-s DeVos Signs on to Globalist UN Education Agenda for U.S.] ''The New American'' (from ''FreedomProject Media''). Retrieved September 16, 2018. − *Rogers, Paige (September 15, 2018). [https://noqreport.com/2018/09/15/g20-betsy-devos-puts-america-last/ At G20, Betsy DeVos puts America last]. ''NOQ Report''. Retrieved September 16, 2018. − See also: − *Byrne, Mary (September 6, 2018). [https://truthinamericaneducation.com/education-reform/is-devos-leading-or-falling-in-line/ Is DeVos Leading or Falling in Line?] ''Truth in American Education''. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</ref> − *The State Department continued to promote the [[homosexual agenda]] as part of U.S. foreign policy.<ref>Multiple references: − *Newman, Alex (October 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30247-secretary-of-state-pompeo-continues-obama-s-lgbt-imperialism Secretary of State Pompeo Continues Obama’s LGBT “Imperialism”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 5, 2018. − *Gennarini, Stefano (September 27, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/is-the-trump-administration-serious-about-refusing-to-promote-the-lgbt-agen Is the Trump administration serious about refusing to promote the LGBT agenda?] ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''C-Fam''). Retrieved September 28, 2018. − *Contrada, Amy (October 8, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/is-the-trump-state-department-smearing-normal-americans-as-bigots Is the Trump State Department smearing normal Americans as bigots?] ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''MassResistance''). Retrieved October 9, 2018.</ref>
Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy (view source)
Revision as of 02:13, January 1, 2019
, 02:13, January 1, 2019→2018: Moved content to Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy (2018).
==2018==
==2018==
:''See: [[Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy (2018)]]''
==References==
==References==