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Line 40: + + + + + + + − In 1986, Sanders unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Governor Madeleine Kunin (D) in her reelection bid. Running as an independent, Sanders finished third with 14.4% of the vote. Kunin won with 47%, followed by Lt. Governor Peter P. Smith (R) with 38%.+ − − − In 1990 Sanders was elected to the [[U.S. Congress]] as a [[Socialist]] on a third party ticket. Sanders was a leading member of the [[National Rainbow Coalition]] at the time. He was supported by the [[AFL-CIO]], [[environmentalist]]s and Democratic Party leaders.<ref>''[[People's Weekly World]]'', Nov. 10 1990, page 23.</ref>
→Democratic Socialism
:{{See also|Democratic Socialism}}
:{{See also|Democratic Socialism}}
Sanders began his electoral political career in 1971 as a member of the Liberty Union Party, which originated in the anti-war movement and the [[People's Party (1970s)|People's Party]]. He ran as the Liberty Union candidate for governor of Vermont in 1972 and 1976 and as a candidate for U.S. senator in 1972 and 1974.<ref>[http://media.cq.com/members/509?rc=1 Sen. Bernard Sanders (I-Vt.)] RollCall.com. Retrieved February 20, 2017.</ref> In 1980, Sanders ran for mayor of Burlington, Vermont at the suggestion of his close friend and political confidante Richard Sugarman, a professor of religion at the [[University of Vermont]]. He defeated the incumbent Democrat mayor by 10 votes and served for eight years, from April 6, 1981 to April 4, 1989.
Sanders began his electoral political career in 1971 as a member of the Liberty Union Party, which originated in the anti-war movement and the [[People's Party (1970s)|People's Party]]. He ran as the Liberty Union candidate for governor of Vermont in 1972 and 1976 and as a candidate for U.S. senator in 1972 and 1974.<ref>[http://media.cq.com/members/509?rc=1 Sen. Bernard Sanders (I-Vt.)] RollCall.com. Retrieved February 20, 2017.</ref> In 1980, Sanders ran for mayor of Burlington, Vermont at the suggestion of his close friend and political confidante Richard Sugarman, a professor of religion at the [[University of Vermont]]. He defeated the incumbent Democrat mayor by 10 votes and served for eight years, from April 6, 1981 to April 4, 1989.
In 1986, Sanders unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Governor Madeleine Kunin (D) in her reelection bid. Running as an independent, Sanders finished third with 14.4% of the vote. Kunin won with 47%, followed by Lt. Governor Peter P. Smith (R) with 38%.
In 1990 Sanders was elected to the [[U.S. Congress]] as a [[Socialist]] on a third party ticket. Sanders was a leading member of the [[National Rainbow Coalition]] at the time. He was supported by the [[AFL-CIO]], [[environmentalist]]s and Democratic Party leaders.<ref>''[[People's Weekly World]]'', Nov. 10 1990, page 23.</ref>
===Sandinistas===
In 1985 Sanders travelled to New York City to meet with [[Daniel Ortega]] a few weeks after [[Nicaragua]] imposed a “state of emergency”, mass arrests of the socialist regime'S critics, and the shuttering of opposition newspapers and magazines. Talk-show host Phil Donahue told Ortega that his actions looked "[[fascist]]". Sanders refused to condemn the decision. Sanders said in a press conference that he was “not an expert in Nicaragua” and “not a Nicaraguan." “Am I aware enough of all the details of what is going on in Nicaragua to say ‘you have reacted too strongly?’ I don’t know.” Sanders later said that the Sandinistas’ brutal crackdown “makes sense to me.”
In 1985 Sanders was "the highest ranking American official” to attend a parade celebrating the [[Sandinista]] seizure of power in [[Nicaragua]] as [[Daniel Ortega]]'s guest.<ref>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/02/28/when-bernie-sanders-thought-castro-and-the-sandinistas-could-teach-america-a-lesson.html When Bernie Sanders Thought Castro And The Sandinistas Could Teach America A Lesson], Michael Moynihan, ''Daily Beast'', 02.27.16.</ref>
In 1985 Sanders was "the highest ranking American official” to attend a parade celebrating the [[Sandinista]] seizure of power in [[Nicaragua]] as [[Daniel Ortega]]'s guest.<ref>[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/02/28/when-bernie-sanders-thought-castro-and-the-sandinistas-could-teach-america-a-lesson.html When Bernie Sanders Thought Castro And The Sandinistas Could Teach America A Lesson], Michael Moynihan, ''Daily Beast'', 02.27.16.</ref>
===U.S Peace Council===
A notice was placed in the [[CPUSA]] newspaper, the ''[[Guardian (NY)]]'' on November 8, 1989, concerning an upcoming [[U.S. Peace Council]] national conference.<ref>''Guardian'', November 8, 1989</ref> The U.S. Peace Council was [[Kremlin]]-backed anti-American [[communist front]] organization. Speakers included Bernie Sanders, Rep.[[John Conyers]], [[Leslie Cagan]], [[Holly Sklar]], Jack O'Dell of the [[Rainbow Coalition]], Zehdi Terzi of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], Gunther Drefahl of the [[East German]] Peace Council among others.<ref>[http://www.aim.org/aim-column/should-the-nsa-be-watching-senator-sanders/ AIM Should the NSA Be Watching Senator Sanders? Cliff Kincaid — January 6, 2014]</ref>
A notice was placed in the [[CPUSA]] newspaper, the ''[[Guardian (NY)]]'' on November 8, 1989, concerning an upcoming [[U.S. Peace Council]] national conference.<ref>''Guardian'', November 8, 1989</ref> The U.S. Peace Council was [[Kremlin]]-backed anti-American [[communist front]] organization. Speakers included Bernie Sanders, Rep.[[John Conyers]], [[Leslie Cagan]], [[Holly Sklar]], Jack O'Dell of the [[Rainbow Coalition]], Zehdi Terzi of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], Gunther Drefahl of the [[East German]] Peace Council among others.<ref>[http://www.aim.org/aim-column/should-the-nsa-be-watching-senator-sanders/ AIM Should the NSA Be Watching Senator Sanders? Cliff Kincaid — January 6, 2014]</ref>
==='Socialist Scholars'===
==='Socialist Scholars'===