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[[Image:Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1919 Sivas Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Atatürk]]

[[Image:Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1919 Sivas Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Atatürk]]

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk''' (1881 – 1938) was a military commander of the Ottoman Army during [[World War I]], and a revolutionary statesman who founded the Republic of [[Turkey]]. Until 1934, his legal name was Mustafa Kemal Pasha,<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_814_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1934]</ref> and he changed it to Kamâl Atatürk after 1935.<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_815_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1935]</ref>

'''Mustafa Kemal Atatürk''' (1881 – 1938) was a military commander of the Ottoman Army during [[World War I]], and a revolutionary statesman who founded the Republic of [[Turkey]]. Until 1934, his legal name was Mustafa Kemal Pasha,<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_814_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1934]</ref> and he changed it to Kamâl Atatürk after 1935.<ref>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Atat%C3%BCrk%27%C3%BCn_993_815_seri_numaral%C4%B1_n%C3%BCfus_c%C3%BCzdan%C4%B1.jpg ID card from 1935]</ref>

==Biography==

==Biography==

Atatürk was a successful division commander in the [[Battle of Gallipoli]]. The [[Allies]] defeated the [[Ottoman Empire]] and arranged for its partition. Thereupon, after a few congresses, he led an organized political resistance in Asia Minor by established a new assembly and government in Ankara. Atatürk defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. Then he deposed the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 and became the first President of Turkey in 1923. Atatürk led a political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, secularized and based on the [[rationalism|rationalist]] [[Enlightenment]]. It is estimated that most of Turks are [[Muslim]] (and most of them are conservative), but Atatürk established a [[secular]] rule based on a strong military. He abolished the [[sharia law]] and gave women the right to vote and hold government positions. As a result of his efforts, Turkey was the only Muslim country to independently hold democratic elections.

Atatürk was a successful division commander in the [[Battle of Gallipoli]]. The [[Allies]] defeated the [[Ottoman Empire]] and arranged for its partition. Thereupon, after a few congresses, he led an organized political resistance in Asia Minor by establishing a new assembly and government in Ankara. Atatürk defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. Then he deposed the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 and became the first President of Turkey in 1923. Atatürk led a political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, secularized and based on the [[rationalism|rationalist]] [[Enlightenment]]. It is estimated that most of Turks are [[Muslim]] (and most of them are conservative), but Atatürk established a [[secular]] rule based on a strong military. He abolished the [[sharia law]] and gave women the right to vote and hold government positions. As a result of his efforts, Turkey was the only Muslim country to independently hold democratic elections.

[[Samuel Huntington]] defines "Kemalism" as a response to attempts at "reconciliation of [[Islam]] and [[Modernization|modernity]]", or to modernise Islam without Westernization.  

[[Samuel Huntington]] defines "Kemalism" as a response to attempts at "reconciliation of [[Islam]] and [[Modernization|modernity]]", or to modernise Islam without Westernization.