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The modern game of ''Monopoly'' was developed by Charles Darrow of Germantown, Pennsylvania, who had trouble supporting his family after the stock market crash of 1929 and during the Depression. He developed the game based on [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], where he spent summers.  He initially took the game to Parker Bros., who rejected it because of "fifty-two fundamental errors" such as game length and complicated rules. He and a printer friend produced it in a [[Philadelphia]] department store. When Darrow could no longer keep up with demand, Parker Bros. took over the game. Royalties made Darrow a millionaire.   

The modern game of ''Monopoly'' was developed by Charles Darrow of Germantown, Pennsylvania, who had trouble supporting his family after the stock market crash of 1929 and during the Depression. He developed the game based on [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], where he spent summers.  He initially took the game to Parker Bros., who rejected it because of "fifty-two fundamental errors" such as game length and complicated rules. He and a printer friend produced it in a [[Philadelphia]] department store. When Darrow could no longer keep up with demand, Parker Bros. took over the game. Royalties made Darrow a millionaire.   

The [[Great Britain|British]] agents of Parker Brothers decided to replace the American properties with ones based on locations around [[London]].  This version was sold throughout [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] countries, except for [[Canada]], which used the American version.<ref>[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa121997.htm History of ''Monopoly'']</ref>  Since then various "special" versions have been created (some with the permission of Parker Brothers, others without) using local landmarks for the properties.

The [[Great Britain|British]] agents of Parker Brothers decided to replace the American properties with ones based on locations around [[London]].  This version was sold throughout [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] countries, except for [[Canada]], which used the American version.<ref>[http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa121997.htm History of ''Monopoly'']</ref>  Since then various "special" versions have been created (some with the permission of Parker Brothers, others without) using local landmarks for the properties.

==Gameplay==

==Gameplay==

[[File:Monopoly board.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A game of ''Monopoly'']]

[[File:Monopoly board.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A game of ''Monopoly'']]

In ''Monopoly'', two or more players (with one player acting as Banker and Auctioneer) take turns rolling dice and moving their tokens clockwise through boxes drawn around the edges of a square board based on street names in [[Atlantic City]]. If the player rolls doubles, he or she gets an extra turn. Upon landing in a box, a player may buy the property from the bank if no other player owns it, auction the property through the Bank to the highest bidder, pay rent to the player who owns it, or draw a Chance or Community Chest card. Landing on Luxury Tax costs the player $75. For Income Tax, the player must pay either $200 or 10% of the total of (1) the player's cash and (2) the purchase price of all the player's properties and improvements. When the player passes Go, he/she collect $200. If the player lands on Jail or Free Parking, nothing happens. If the player rolls doubles three times in a row, he/she goes to jail. The player can also go to jail if he/she lands on the corner box marked Go To Jail, or gets a Chance or Community Chest card stating to go to jail. To get out of jail, the player must pay the $50 fine, roll doubles on his or her turn or use a "get out of jail free" card. Rent and property costs increase as one goes around the board. The purple and light blue properties are on the South edge, magenta and orange on the West edge, red and yellow on the North edge, and green and dark blue on the East edge. Rents are doubled if the player owns all of a color. Railroad rents increase for each additional railroad the player owns: one railroad is $25 in rent, two is $50, three is $100 rent, and owning all four will garner $200 in rent. Owning one of the two utilities will garner five times the number the player rolled on the dice, and owning both utilities will garner ten times the dice number.  Building houses on the player's lot increases rents; after 4 houses, the player can erect a hotel instead. Houses and hotels are only bought from the bank, never from other players, and there is a fixed supply, which can lead to housing shortages. Not all deals are done with the bank. Players may sell or trade properties, which is often a key part of gaining a monopoly by buying all properties of a color group. A player wins the game by being the last one in the game and bankrupting his or her opponents. Players may avoid bankruptcy by morgtaging a property for one half of the face price of the property, selling houses and hotels for one half the price of the buildings, or trading. If a player still does not have enough assets, they are removed from the game.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/default.cfm?page=history History of the ''Monopoly'' Game] at Hasbro</ref>

In ''Monopoly'', two or more players (with one player acting as Banker and Auctioneer) take turns rolling dice and moving their tokens clockwise through boxes drawn around the edges of a square board based on street names in [[Atlantic City]]. If the player rolls doubles, he or she gets an extra turn. Upon landing in a box, a player may buy the property from the bank if no other player owns it, auction the property through the Bank to the highest bidder, pay rent to the player who owns it, or draw a Chance or Community Chest card. Landing on Luxury Tax costs the player $75. For Income Tax, the player must pay either $200 or 10% of the total of (1) the player's cash and (2) the purchase price of all the player's properties and improvements. When the player passes Go, he/she collect $200. If the player lands on Jail or Free Parking, nothing happens. If the player rolls doubles three times in a row, he/she goes to jail. The player can also go to jail if he/she lands on the corner box marked Go To Jail, or gets a Chance or Community Chest card stating to go to jail. To get out of jail, the player must pay the $50 fine, roll doubles on his or her turn or use a "get out of jail free" card.

 

Rent and property costs increase as one goes around the board. The purple and light blue properties are on the South edge, magenta and orange on the West edge, red and yellow on the North edge, and green and dark blue on the East edge. Rents are doubled if the player owns all of a color. Railroad rents increase for each additional railroad the player owns: one railroad is $25 in rent, two is $50, three is $100 rent, and owning all four will garner $200 in rent. Owning one of the two utilities will garner five times the number the player rolled on the dice, and owning both utilities will garner ten times the dice number.  Building houses on the player's lot increases rents; after 4 houses, the player can erect a hotel instead. Houses and hotels are only bought from the bank, never from other players, and there is a fixed supply, which can lead to housing shortages. Not all deals are done with the bank. Players may sell or trade properties, which is often a key part of gaining a monopoly by buying all properties of a color group. A player wins the game by being the last one in the game and bankrupting his or her opponents. Players may avoid bankruptcy by morgtaging a property for one half of the face price of the property, selling houses and hotels for one half the price of the buildings, or trading. If a player still does not have enough assets, they are removed from the game.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/default.cfm?page=history History of the ''Monopoly'' Game] at Hasbro</ref>

==House Rules==

==House Rules==

==''Anti-Monopoly''==

==''Anti-Monopoly''==

''Anti-Monopoly'' is a book by retired San Francisco economics teacher Ralph Anspach that apparently discusses the darker side of the history of the Monopoly board game and its makers.<ref>[http://www.antimonopoly.com/the_book.html ''Anti-Monopoly'']</ref> There is also a board game with the same title. The ''Anti-Monopoly'' game is a negative variant of the regular game, with more updated properties. Most of the board is initially owned by a few players (The Monopolists), who are pitted against the other players (Competitors) in an attempt to break down the Monopoly.

''Anti-Monopoly'' is a book by retired San Francisco economics teacher Ralph Anspach that apparently discusses the darker side of the history of the Monopoly board game and its makers.<ref>[http://www.antimonopoly.com/the_book.html ''Anti-Monopoly'']</ref> There is also a board game with the same title. The ''Anti-Monopoly'' game is a negative variant of the regular game, with more updated properties. Most of the board is initially owned by a few players (The Monopolists), who are pitted against the other players (Competitors) in an attempt to break down the Monopoly.

==References==

==References==

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[[Category:Board Games]]

[[Category:Board Games]]