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==The Trials==

==The Trials==

[[Image:Alger Hiss testifies.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Alger Hiss testifies in 1950]]

[[Image:Alger Hiss testifies.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Alger Hiss testifies in 1950]]

On May 31, 1949, Alger [[#refTruChron|Hiss went on trial]] for perjury in New York City. At trial, Hiss provided an all-star cast of character witnesses, including such notables as [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000890 Adlai Stevenson], Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]], and former Democratic presidential candidate [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000121 John W. Davis], fresh from his [http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/5-decision/defenders.html defeated defense of segregation] in ''Brown v. Board of Education''.. However, both Under Secretary Welles and Sayre testified that delivering the classified documents to a foreign power would enable them to break America's most secret codes.<ref>Mr. Welles. All of these messages, Mr. Stripling, originally were sent in code and undoubtedly those marked "strictly confidential" or "strictly confidential, for the Secretary," would presumably be sent in one of the most secret codes then in our possession. Mr. Stripling. Would the possession of the document as written, along with the original document as it appeared in code, furnish an individual with the necessary information to break the code? Mr. Welles. In my judgment, decidedly yes. ([[#refHUAC48.2|HUAC 1948, Part 2]]: 1388 [PDF 16]) SAYRE: [T]hey didn't have these highly confidential codes; and for these telegrams to get out at the time they did meant that other governments could crack our codes. [[#refHUAC48-2R|HUAC 1948, 2nd Rept.]], p. 6; cf. C.P. Trussel, "[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A11F83D5B157A93CAA91789D95F4C8485F9&scp=1&sq=Spy%20Papers%20Show%20U.S.%20Codes%20Were%20Broken,%20Official%20Says&st=cse Spy Papers Show U.S. Codes Were Broken, Official Says]," ''The New York Times'', December 8, 1948; [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 221-223; [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 232</ref>

On May 31, 1949, Alger [[#refTruChron|Hiss went on trial]] for perjury in New York City. At trial, Hiss provided an all-star cast of character witnesses, including such notables as [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000890 Adlai Stevenson], Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]], and former Democratic presidential candidate [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000121 John W. Davis], fresh from his [http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/5-decision/defenders.html defeated defense of segregation] in ''Brown v. Board of Education''. However, both Under Secretary Welles and Sayre testified that delivering the classified documents to a foreign power would enable them to break America's most secret codes.<ref>Mr. Welles. All of these messages, Mr. Stripling, originally were sent in code and undoubtedly those marked "strictly confidential" or "strictly confidential, for the Secretary," would presumably be sent in one of the most secret codes then in our possession. Mr. Stripling. Would the possession of the document as written, along with the original document as it appeared in code, furnish an individual with the necessary information to break the code? Mr. Welles. In my judgment, decidedly yes. ([[#refHUAC48.2|HUAC 1948, Part 2]]: 1388 [PDF 16]) SAYRE: [T]hey didn't have these highly confidential codes; and for these telegrams to get out at the time they did meant that other governments could crack our codes. [[#refHUAC48-2R|HUAC 1948, 2nd Rept.]], p. 6; cf. C.P. Trussel, "[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A11F83D5B157A93CAA91789D95F4C8485F9&scp=1&sq=Spy%20Papers%20Show%20U.S.%20Codes%20Were%20Broken,%20Official%20Says&st=cse Spy Papers Show U.S. Codes Were Broken, Official Says]," ''The New York Times'', December 8, 1948; [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 221-223; [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 232</ref>

At Hiss’ first perjury trial, Hornbeck testified that an unnamed friend had warned him that Hiss was a Communist fellow-traveler, but he disregarded the warning.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 235</ref> At the second trial, Hornbeck testified that on at least two occasions he was warned that Hiss was a Communist, and named Bullitt as his source.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 258-259</ref> [[John Foster Dulles]], who had recommended Hiss for the Carnegie Endowment, likewise testified at that trial that various people had warned him that [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,806501-1,00.html Hiss was a Communist].<ref>Among those who had warned Dulles of Hiss's Communist record were Alfred Kohlberg, a former member of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] (where Hiss was a trustee) and attorney Larry S. Davidow. [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 114</ref>

At Hiss’ first perjury trial, Hornbeck testified that an unnamed friend had warned him that Hiss was a Communist fellow-traveler, but he disregarded the warning.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 235</ref> At the second trial, Hornbeck testified that on at least two occasions he was warned that Hiss was a Communist, and named Bullitt as his source.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 258-259</ref> [[John Foster Dulles]], who had recommended Hiss for the Carnegie Endowment, likewise testified at that trial that various people had warned him that [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,806501-1,00.html Hiss was a Communist].<ref>Among those who had warned Dulles of Hiss's Communist record were Alfred Kohlberg, a former member of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] (where Hiss was a trustee) and attorney Larry S. Davidow. [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 114</ref>