Changes

==Urban guerilla warfare==

==Urban guerilla warfare==

The Montonero insurgent leadership made a conscious decision to “militarize” the struggle and attack directly the Argentinian police and military forces in the main cities. The political objectives that originally motivated the envisioned proportionate action were sacrificed in favour of military escalation. The groups that were supposedly to bring national and social liberation to the country developed into mirror images of the Argentinian armed forces, and legitimizing political-psychological efforts were considered unproductive niceties.

The Montonero insurgent leadership made a conscious decision to “militarize” the struggle and attack directly the Argentinian police and military forces in the main cities. The political objectives that originally motivated the envisioned proportionate action were sacrificed in favour of military escalation. The groups that were supposedly to bring national and social liberation to the country developed into mirror images of the Argentinian armed forces with their own military banners and uniforms, and legitimizing political-psychological efforts were considered unproductive niceties.

The urban guerrillas operating in Buenos Aires made major headlines on April 5th 1969 when armed members of the Armed Forces of Liberation (''Fuerzas Argentinas de Liberación'' or FAL) attacked the Campo de Mayo Army Barracks and seized 100 automatic rifles from the 1st 'Patricios' Regiment.<ref>[http://jorgenegre.com.ar/web/index.php/2016/01/30/fal-copamiento-regimiento-patricios/FAL: copamiento Regimiento Patricios]</ref>

The urban guerrillas operating in Buenos Aires made major headlines on April 5th 1969 when armed members of the Armed Forces of Liberation (''Fuerzas Argentinas de Liberación'' or FAL) attacked the Campo de Mayo Army Barracks and seized 100 automatic rifles from the Elite 1st 'Patricios' Regiment.<ref>[http://jorgenegre.com.ar/web/index.php/2016/01/30/fal-copamiento-regimiento-patricios/FAL: copamiento Regimiento Patricios]</ref>

    

    

The leftist militants bombed and destroyed numerous buildings in the 1970s in its campaign against the civilian and military authorities; these belonged chiefly to police and military hierarchies. But a number of civilian and non-governmental buildings were targeted as well, such as the Sheraton Hotel in downtown Buenos Aires, which was bombed in 1972 (killing a Canadian woman, Lois Crozier and injuring her husband Gerry Crozier)<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z94QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7258,1915009&dq=&hl=en Peronists blamed in Hotel bombing]</ref>and the bombing of a crowded theatre in downtown Buenos Aires in 1975<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wuQeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0EYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2828,4751834&dq=&hl=en Isabel Peron cleared of charge]</ref>. In November 1971, in solidarity with striking workers, Montoneros guerrillas seized a car plant in Caseros and set alight and destroyed with gasoline several Fiat 38 vehicles.<ref>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Gabriela Nouzeilles, Graciela Montaldo, p. 382, Duke University Press, 2002 </ref>. In 1971, the leftist guerrillas killed 57 policemen, and in 1972, despite a heightened alert, the guerrilleros managed to kill another 38 policemen.<ref>Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina, Paul H. Lewis, p. 53, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002</ref>  

The leftist militants bombed and destroyed numerous buildings in the 1970s in its campaign against the civilian and military authorities; these belonged chiefly to police and military hierarchies. But a number of civilian and non-governmental buildings were targeted as well, such as the Sheraton Hotel in downtown Buenos Aires, which was bombed in 1972 (killing a Canadian woman, Lois Crozier and injuring her husband Gerry Crozier)<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z94QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7258,1915009&dq=&hl=en Peronists blamed in Hotel bombing]</ref>and the bombing of a crowded theatre in downtown Buenos Aires in 1975<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wuQeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0EYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2828,4751834&dq=&hl=en Isabel Peron cleared of charge]</ref>. In November 1971, in solidarity with striking workers, Montoneros guerrillas seized an Italian car plant in Caseros and set alight and destroyed with gasoline several Fiat 38 vehicles.<ref>The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Gabriela Nouzeilles, Graciela Montaldo, p. 382, Duke University Press, 2002 </ref>. In 1971, the leftist guerrillas killed 57 policemen, and in 1972, despite a heightened alert, the ''guerrilleros'' managed to kill another 38 policemen.<ref>Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina, Paul H. Lewis, p. 53, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002</ref>  

On February 4th 1972, police corporal Conrado Likay Faldi was shot dead in the Bernal suburb of Buenos Aires.<ref>[https://adtomator.com/2014/07/07/los-terroristas-desaparecidos-no-merecen-ser-simbolo-patrio-por-nicolas-marquez/ Los terroristas “desaparecidos” no merecen ser símbolo patrio – Por Nicolás Márquez]</ref>On February 14th 1972, FAL guerrillas supporting urban operations in the Barrio Norte suburb of Buenos Aires, delivered a bomb concealed in a flower bouquet to the house of the ex-Justice Minister Jaime Perriaux, killing three policemen (Roque Russo, Rómulo Salvatierra and Néstor Godoy) and mortally wounding another (Oscar Raúl Pereda) of an anti-explosives unit, and wounding eleven others, including neighbors.<ref>Alétheia, Zacharkow de Marquart, Emilce E., Martinez & Maria Angelica, p. 79, Editorial Dunken, 2014</ref>In July 1972 a bomb planted by Montoneros activists in Plaza de San Isidro in Buenos Aires, wounded three policemen and blinded a fireman (Carlos Adrián Ayala) who died of his injuries in hospital.<ref>In Memoriam, Volume 2, p. 398, El Círculo, 1998</ref>On December 28th 1972, Marine Private Julio César Provenzano, operating on behalf of the ERP guerrillas, is killed while plating a bomb in the men's room of the Argentinian Navy Headquarters.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19730331&id=MGo0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=8QkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4256,7005410 Argentine Navy headquarters hit]</ref>

On February 4th 1972, police corporal Conrado Likay Faldi was shot dead in the Bernal suburb of Buenos Aires.<ref>[https://adtomator.com/2014/07/07/los-terroristas-desaparecidos-no-merecen-ser-simbolo-patrio-por-nicolas-marquez/ Los terroristas “desaparecidos” no merecen ser símbolo patrio – Por Nicolás Márquez]</ref>On February 14th 1972, FAL guerrillas supporting urban operations in the Barrio Norte suburb of Buenos Aires, delivered a bomb concealed in a flower bouquet to the house of the ex-Justice Minister Jaime Perriaux, killing three policemen (Roque Russo, Rómulo Salvatierra and Néstor Godoy) and mortally wounding another (Oscar Raúl Pereda) of an anti-explosives unit, and wounding eleven others, including neighbors.<ref>Alétheia, Zacharkow de Marquart, Emilce E., Martinez & Maria Angelica, p. 79, Editorial Dunken, 2014</ref>In July 1972 a bomb planted by Montoneros activists in Plaza de San Isidro in Buenos Aires, wounded three policemen and blinded a fireman (Carlos Adrián Ayala) who died of his injuries in hospital.<ref>In Memoriam, Volume 2, p. 398, El Círculo, 1998</ref>On December 28th 1972, Marine Private Julio César Provenzano, operating on behalf of the ERP guerrillas, is killed while plating a bomb in the men's room of the Argentinian Navy Headquarters.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19730331&id=MGo0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=8QkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4256,7005410 Argentine Navy headquarters hit]</ref>